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  • Book
    Stanislaw Gomulka.
    Summary: The last two centuries have witnessed intense and sustained technological progress, but it has not affected all areas equally. This book surveys the numerous theories of technological change that have emerged in an attempt to provide a unified theoretical framework for interpreting the large variations in innovative behaviour that exist between enterprises and whole economies. Innovation is first considered at the micro level, and its impact at the scale of an individual enterprize is analyzed. Technological change is shown to be sensitive to both cultural and institutional forces. Countries such as the United Kingdom, Japan and the Soviet Union have had very different experiences of technological change and this has been reflected in variations of their rates of economic growth at different times. The ability of various economic theories to explain this becomes the key theme for the second half of the book. All the major theories relating technological change and economic growth, including those of Kuznets, Phelps, Kaldor and Hicks, are canvassed, but throughout the emphasis is on providing a unified theoretical framework to help explain the impact of technological progress on both a macro and micro scale. Nielsen 9780415036924 20160527

    Contents:
    Part 1 Microeconomics of invention, innovation and diffusion: preliminary concepts and relations
    inventive activity - distinct characteristics of nature and size
    major time-trends and cross-sectional tendencies
    stylized facts
    market structure, rivalry and innovation
    behavioural and evolutionary versus neo-classical theory of technical choice and innovation
    innovation diffusion-theory and evidence
    the behaviour and innovation characteristics in centrally managed economies. Part 2 Macroeconomics of innovation, technology transfer and growth: innovative biases, factor substitution and the measurement of technological change - definitions and theory
    variation of innovation rates among countries and over time - the (first) hat-shape relationship
    technological revolutions as an innovation superwave in the technology frontier area
    evidence and microeconomics of the international technology transfer
    macrotheories and evidence of international technology transfer
    innovation rate and change of economic systems - a grand senario. Nielsen 9780415036924 20160527 Part I: Microeconomics of Invention, Innovation and Diffusion 1. Preliminary Concepts and Relations 2. Incentive Activity: Distinct Characteristics of Nature and Size 3. Major Time-Trends and Cross-Sectional Tendencies
    Stylised Facts 4. Market Structure, Rivalry and Innovation 5. Behavioural and Evolutionary Versus Neoclassical Theory of Technical Choice and Innovation 6. Innovation Diffusion: Theory and Evidence 7. The Behaviour and Innovation Characteristics in Centrally Managed Economies Part II: Macroeconomics of Innovation, Technology Transfer and Growth 8. Innovative Biases, Factor Substitution, and the Measurement of Technological Change: Definitions and Theory 9. Variation of Innovation Rates among Countries and Over Time: The (First) Hat-Shape Relationship 10. Technological Revolutions as an Innovation Superwave in the Technology Frontier Area 11. Evidence and Macroeconomics of the International Technology Transfer 12. Macrotheories and Evidence of International Technology Transfer 13. Innovation Rate and Change of Economic Systems: A Grand Scenario 14. Bibliography. Nielsen 9780415052382 20160527
    Print 1990
  • Article
    Kamel RS, Landon J, Smith DS.
    Clin Chim Acta. 1978 Mar 15;84(3):403-5.
    A phenytoin-enzyme conjugate, readily available as an enzyme-immunoassay reagent, is shown to be a convenient immunogen for production of anti-phenytoin sera for immunoassay purposes.
    Digital Access Access Options