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  • Book
    Evangeline B. Handog, Maria Juliet Enriquez-Macarayo, editors.
    Summary: This book sheds new light on pigmentary disorders in people with brown skin. Brown skin encompasses many races and ethnicities. Due to migration, people with brown skin are seen almost everywhere in the world. A wide variety of pigmentary disorders exists among this population but the most disturbing and challenging are melasma and vitiligo This book covers these two disorders, among people of brown skin, from the epidemiology to management, in a detailed yet easy-to-read and easy-to-use style.

    Contents:
    Part I. The Brown Skin
    1. The concept of brown skin
    2. Prevalent skin disorders in brown skin
    Part II. Melasma in Brown Skin
    3. Definition, incidence, and etiology of melasma in brown skin
    4. Pathogenesis of melasma
    5. Classification and clinical presentations of melasma in brown skin
    6. Diagnosis of melasma in brown skin: Wood's Lamp, dermoscopy , and confocal microscopy
    7. The histopathology of melasma in brown skin
    8. The scoring aid: MASI and modified MASI
    9. Differential diagnosis of melasma in brown skin
    10. Melasma and comorbidities
    11. Melanogenesis and new signaling regulatory for the treatment of melasma
    12. Topical agents in melasma
    13. Botanicals in melasma
    14. Oral lightening agents
    15. Chemical peeling for melasma
    16. The role of lasers and light devices for the treatment of melasma
    17. Iontophoresis and mesotherapy in melasma
    18. Quality of life in melasma
    Part III. Vitiligo in Brown Skin
    19. Vitiligo: definition, incidence, etiology
    20. Pathogenesis of vitiligo
    21. Vitiligo classification and clinical presentations
    22. Dermoscopy in vitiligo
    23. The histopathology of vitiligo in brown skin
    24. Differential diagnosis of vitiligo in brown skin
    25. Comorbidities in vitiligo
    26. Topical medications in vitiligo
    27. Oral medications in vitiligo
    28. Vitiligo management: procedural options
    29. Phototherapy in vitiligo
    30. Vitiligo and quality of life
    Part IV. Other Management Options for Melasma and Vitiligo
    31. Phtoprotection in brown skin
    32. Camouflage for brown skin with melasma or vitiligo
    33. What's in the pipeline for melasma and vitiligo.
    Digital Access Springer 2017
  • Book
    edited by O. Neumann and W. Prinz ; with contributions by P. Bieri ... [et al.].
    Print c1990
  • Article
    Diamond RD, Krzesicki R, Jao W.
    J Clin Invest. 1978 Feb;61(2):349-59.
    Large forms of Candida are characteristically present in invasive lesions and are often cleared by host defenses. Therefore, an in vitro system was developed to study interactions between leukocytes and pseudohyphae. By light, phase contrast, and electron microscopic observations, in the absence of serum, neutrophils attached to and spread over the surfaces of partially ingested pseudohyphae, which then appeared damaged. Using a new assay which measured neutrophil-induced inhibition of uptake of [(14)C]cytosine by Candida, damage to Candida in the absence of serum was 53.04+/-2.96% by neutrophils from 27 normal subjects. With serum, damage to Candida increased because of opsonization by low levels of anti-Candida immunoglobulin G in normal sera. Damage to Candida was inhibited by colchicine, cytochalasin B, and 2-deoxyglucose, which interfered with spreading of neutrophils over the surfaces of Candida. Dibutyryl cyclic AMP, theophylline, and isoproterenol also inhibited damage to Candida. Hydrocortisone was inhibitory in levels (10 muM) achievable with pharmacologic doses in man. Light, fluorescence, and electron microscopy indicated that neutrophils degranulated after contact with Candida. Quantitative studies revealed only a minimal increase in specific release of lysosomal enzymes from azurophil granules, but much greater release of lysozyme from specific granules. Candida activated neutrophil oxidative microbicidal mechanisms, as shown by iodination of Candida by neutrophils, and chemiluminescence from neutrophils interacting with Candida. Unlike live Candida, killed Candida did not induce chemiluminescence, were not iodinated, and did not attach to neutrophils by microscopy. Like Candida pseudohyphae, contact between neutrophils and hyphal forms of Aspergillus and Rhizopus occurred in the absence of serum. This did not occur with Cryptococcus neoformans, an encapsulated yeast, and was low with Candida yeasts. These findings indicate that neutrophils can recognize and attach to Candida pseudohyphae, then damage the Candida. This may represent a general reaction between neutrophils and large forms of fungi. Though the size of the organisms precludes complete ingestion, neutrophil oxidative microbicidal mechanisms are activated, and preferential release of contents of specific granules appears to occur.
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