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- BookDonald McRobbie, Elizabeth A. Moore, Martin J. Graves.Summary: MR is a powerful modality. At its most advanced, it can be used not just to image anatomy and pathology, but to investigate organ function, to probe in vivo chemistry, and even to visualise the brain thinking. However, clinicians, technologists and scientists struggle with the study of the subject. The result is sometimes an obscurity of understanding, or a dilution of scientific truth, resulting in misconceptions. This is why MRI from Picture to Proton has achieved its reputation for practical clarity. MR is introduced as a tool, with coverage starting from the images, equipment and scanning protocols and traced back towards the underlying physics theory. With new content on quantitative MRI, MR safety, multi-band excitation, Dixon imaging, MR elastography and advanced pulse sequences, and with additional supportive materials available on the book's website, this new edition is completely revised and updated to reflect the best use of modern MR technology.
Contents:
MR : what's the attraction?
Early daze : your first week in MR
Seeing is believing : introduction to image contrast
Lost in the pulse sequence jungle?
The devil's in the detail : pixels, matrices, and slices
What you set is what you get : basic image optimisation
Improving your image : how to avoid artefacts
Spaced out : spatial encoding
Getting in tune : resonance and relaxation
Let's talk technical : MR equipment
Ghosts in the machine : quality control
Acronyms anonymous I : spin echo
Acronyms anonymous II : gradient echo
The parallel universe : parallel imaging and novel acquisition techniques
Go with the flow : MR angiography
A heart to heart discussion : cardiac MRI
It's not just squiggles : in vivo spectroscopy
To BOLDly go : fMRI, perfusion and diffusion
Making it count : quantitative MRI
But is it safe? : bio-effects
Where are we going now?Digital Access Cambridge 2017 - ArticleTuttle CB.Am J Hosp Pharm. 1977 Sep;34(9):965-8.Bioavailability of drugs following intramuscular injection is reviewed, with particular emphasis on diazepam, chlordiazepoxide, phenytoin, digoxin and lidocaine. Clinical experience with these drugs has shown that i.m. absorption may be slow, erratic or incomplete. Factors which play a role in the bioavailability of i.m. medications include the water solubility of the drug, dispersion of the injected solution and blood flow at the muscle site. For many drugs, intravenous injection is the parenteral route of choice, and oral administration may be more efficacious than i.m. injection.