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  Emergency surgery course (ESC®) manual : the official ESTES/AAST guide

  Abe Fingerhut, Ari Leppäniemi, Raul Coimbra, Andrew B. Peitzman, Thomas M. Scalea, Eric J. Voiglio, editors.

  Summary: This manual explains how to make the right decisions on the timing and selection of investigations and surgical procedures in emergency and urgent surgical settings and describes the most widely used procedures step by step with the aid of high-quality illustrations. The goal is to address the situations that can arise in almost any emergency department throughout the world, enabling the surgeon on call to acquire or sharpen the knowledge and skills needed to deal with acute surgical problems in the most appropriate way. The reader will gain a sound understanding of the most efficient diagnostic modalities, pre-, intra-, and postoperative decision-making, and surgical techniques and issues in particular circumstances. The manual stems from an initiative by members of the European Society of Trauma and Emergency Surgery (ESTES) and the American Association for the Surgery of Trauma (AAST) to set up and formalize Emergency Surgery Courses to provide specific training in emergency and acute care surgery. It represents a didactic accompaniment to the course that will guide the beginner and maintain a certain degree of standardization among the more experienced.
  
  Contents:
  Generalities: Intra-operative Strategy: Open Surgical Approach
  Leading Symptoms
  Management options: non-operative versus operative management
  Pathophysiology
  Post-operative complications
  When To Operate After Failed Non-operative Management. Techniques: Laparoscopy
  Laparotomy (Open surgery)
  Lower gastrointestinal endoscopy
  Percutaneous interventions
  Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy. By organ: Appendix
  Biliary tree
  Colon & rectum
  Diaphragmatic Problems for the Emergency Surgeon
  Esophagus
  Female genital tract
  Liver
  Pancreas
  Proctology
  Small bowel
  Soft tissue (necrotizing)
  Stomach and duodenum
  Surgical emergencies related to abdominal wall hernia
  Thorax.

  Digital Access Springer 2016
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• Article

  Ispytanie bezvrednosti, reaktogennosti i immunogennosti zhivoĭ dizenteriĭnoĭ vaktsiny Fleksnera 2a i Zonne iz spontannykh mutantov, izgotovlennoĭ v vide drazhe, v kontroliruemom opyte na vzroslykh [Test of the safety, reactogeneity and immunogeneity of live Flexner 2a and Sonne dysentery vaccine from spontaneous mutants, prepared in dragee form, in a controlled experiment on adults].

  Belaia IuA, Birkovskii IuE, Milovanova LP, Pavlova LI, Kuz'min +SN.

  Zh Mikrobiol Epidemiol Immunobiol. 1977(1):20-5.

  Controlled experiment was conducted on 428 adult persons. A study was made of the reaktogenic properties and the immunological activity of live enteral dysentery vaccine Flexner 2a and Sonne from the spontaneous mutants developed at the N.F. Gamaleya Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology. The vaccine is prepared in the form of sugar-coated pills covered with an acid-fast substance protecting from the gastric juice action. A single administration of the vaccine in a dose of up to 4 pills (6 to 8 X 10(9) live microbial cells) induced no general or local reactions. At the same time enteral administration of such low vaccine doses of the vaccine caused a significant accretion of specific hemagglutinins, including IgA, IgG, IgM antibodies in the serum, this pointing to the marked general and local immunological activity of the vaccine. Vaccine strains Flexner 2a and Sonne were isolated from 16 to 40% of the persons vaccinated, for the maximum period of 5 to 8 days. The isolated strains were avirulent when checked by the keratoconjuctival test.

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