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  Fingertip injuries : diagnosis, management and reconstruction

  Leo M. Rozmaryn, editor.

  Contents:
  Anatomy and Physiology of the Fingertip
  Closed Injuries: Bone, Ligament and Tendon
  Injuries to the Nail Apparatus
  High Pressure Injection Injuries
  Fingertip Amputations: Supermicrosurgery and Replantation
  Fingertip Amputations: Coverage ? Local and Regional Flaps
  Reconstruction of the Thumb Tip
  Free Tissue Transfer for Fingertip Coverage
  Fingertip Burns
  Pediatric Fingertip Injuries
  Rehabilitation of the Fingertip.

  Digital Access Springer 2015
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• Article

  New dose-time relationships of folate antagonists to sustain inhibition of human lymphoblasts and leukemic cells in vitro.

  Sedwick WD, Kutler M, Frazer T, Brown OE, Laszlo J.

  Cancer Res. 1979 Sep;39(9):3612-8.

  In this study, three methods are utilized to analyze toxicity produced by methotrexate and the lipid-soluble antifolate, 2,4-diamino-5-(3',4'-dichlorophenyl)-6-methylpyrimidine, in human lymphoblasts (WIL-2) and leukemic cells. These methods detect increasingly severe metabolic damage; inhibition of deoxyuridine incorporation into DNA, the reversibility of inhibition of deoxyuridine incorporation by supplementation with formyltetrahydrofolate as Ca2+ leucovorin, and the ability of cells to form clones in soft agarose. The critical dose and exposure time for establishing and maintaining the metabolic toxicity of methotrexate is examined in detail. It is shown that, if an initial loading dose of methotrexate is of high enough concentration or is maintained for a sufficient period to achieve greater than 98% inhibition of deoxyuridine incorporation, this inhibition can be sustained by low concentrations of 2,4-diamino-5-(3',4'-dichlorophenyl)-6-methylpyrimidine or methotrexate. Concentrations of methotrexate or 2,4-diamino-5-(3',4'-dichlorophenyl)-6-methylpyrimidine that equal or exceed 0.1 microM are sufficient for maintenance of inhibition by an initial loading dose of methotrexate but escape from inhibition that occurs if lower levels of drug are used. The possible implications of these observations for in vivo protocols are discussed.

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  PubMed