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  • Book
    Gian Luigi Canata, C. Niek van Dijk, editors.
    Summary: This booklet, published in cooperation with ISAKOS, is a concise, up-to-date guide and reference on the treatment of cartilage lesions of the ankle that will be of practical clinical value for specialists in sports medicine and sports traumatology. Different techniques and the management of various lesions are described step by step, guiding the practitioner through the entire spectrum of care from evaluation of the injury to successful recovery. Chondral and osteochondral lesions of the talus can present as a consequence of repetitive ankle injuries, causing chronic pain, recurrent swelling, and weakness and stiffness of the ankle joint. An accurate early diagnosis is required, using clinical evaluation, imaging techniques, and arthroscopy of the ankle. In acute and non-displaced chondral and osteochondral lesions, conservative treatment is the mainstay. Surgery is recommended for unstable and persistent lesions and consists in several techniques focused on regeneration of the cartilage. Returning to play is possible after testing balance and proprioception, strength, range of motion, and agility.

    Contents:
    Current concepts and evidence-based treatment of the osteochondral lesions of the ankle
    MRI in the evaluation of osteochondral lesions
    Evolution of surgical treatment of cartilaginous lesions
    Arthroscopic debridement of osteochondral lesions of the talus
    Mosaicplasty of osteochondral lesions of the ankle
    The conservative treatment in Talar OCD: injections of PRP
    Management of the cystic osteochondral lesions
    Osteochondral ankle injuries in footballers
    Treatment of osteochondral defects of the talus in children
    Rehabilitation and return-to-sports activity after debridement and bone marrow stimulation of osteochondral talar defects. .
    Digital Access Springer 2015
  • Article
    Jacobs DR, Anderson JT, Blackburn H.
    Am J Epidemiol. 1979 Jul;110(1):77-87.
    The confounding that results from the uncontrolled conditions under which most epidemiologic observations are made is sufficient to undermine their validity with respect to investigation of the relationship between diet and serum cholesterol. In this paper, the authors show, using both a mathematical model and referring to empirical data, that if certain variances are sufficiently great, even when there is cause and effect, correlation coefficients close to zero would be expected from the actual data of a cross-sectional study. Cross-sectional designs are therefore not suitable for studying this relationship.
    Digital Access Access Options