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  • Book
    Mustafa Karahan, Gino M.M.J. Kerkhoffs, Pietro Randelli, Gabriëlle J.M. Tuijthof, editors.
    Summary: This book explains how training in arthroscopic skills is best carried out in order to keep up to date with advances in arthroscopy, meet the ever-increasing demand for high-quality care, and respond to changes in available training time. State of the art developments regarding tools, performance monitoring, and learning strategies are presented, and practical guidelines provided for direct implementation in daily clinical practice. The coverage of simulation-based training ranges from the use of wet labs and box trainers through to sophisticated virtual reality simulators. Subsequent sections on objective performance tracking of training outside and in the operating room cover a variety of key aspects, including psychomotor learning, the adequacy of performance measures, evidence-based thresholds, preclinical training strategies, the role of global rating scales, and video tools. As a result of the success of arthroscopy, its role in the orthopaedic armamentarium is continuously increasing and ever more complex surgeries are being performed arthroscopically. Effective training in arthroscopy is essential to good outcomes. The guidance provided in this book by acknowledged experts in the field will assist in improving the efficiency and effectiveness of arthroscopic training and in enhancing patient safety.

    Contents:
    Obstacles faced in the classical training system; Why is there a need for newer systems?- Needs and wishes from the arthroscopic community? Simulation: Traditional wet labs (animal and human cadavers) including industry involvement
    Box trainers & anatomic bench models
    Virtual reality simulators
    Simulator Validation
    Guidelines for use of simulators. Objective performance tracking: Psychomotor learning applied to arthroscopy
    What measures represent performance?- What thresholds are evidence-based?- Preclinical training strategies
    Guidelines for preclinical performance tracking. Monitoring training in the OR: Theory on learning strategies applied to arthroscopy
    Global rating scales
    (Video) tools for objective monitoring in OR
    Guidelines for use in OR
    Concluding remarks.
    Digital Access Springer 2015
  • Article
    Goldhofer W, Kreienberg R, Kutzner J, Lemmel EM.
    Strahlentherapie. 1979 Apr;155(4):277-83.
    Total irradiation of mice with 100 R, 350 R and 600 R leads to a significant decrease of T- and B-cells which depends directly on the irradiation dose. This decrease can already be demonstrated on the first day after the irradiation, it reaches its culminating point on the tenth day after the irradiation. After an irradiation with 100 R, the cells of the spleen or irradiated mice show no reduced capacity of being stimulated by phytohemagglutinine, Pokeweed mitogen, and concanavalin A, in case of an irradiation with 350 R this capacity is significantly reduced only until the third day after the irradiation. The animals irradiated with 600 R show a decrease on the first day, then they have a phase of recovery on the third day which is followed by a second decrease (biphasic depression). Independently of the irradiation energy, the reduced number of B- and T-cells in the irradiated mice returns to normal values until the 48th day of observation. The functional activities, however, show a disturbance the extension and duration of which are depending on the irradiation dose.
    Digital Access Access Options