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  Endoscopic submucosal dissection : principles and practice

  Norio Fukami, editor.

  Contents:
  History of ESD
  Indications of ESD in the Upper Gastrointestinal Tract
  Indication for Colorectal ESD
  Role of EUS on Preoperative Staging of Gastric Cancer for ESD
  Advanced Endoscopic Imaging in the Upper Gastrointestinal Tract
  Advanced Endoscopic Imaging in the Lower Gastrointestinal Tract
  Injection Material for ESD
  Eastern Perspective
  Submucosal Fluid Cushion Injection Fluid
  Western Perspective
  Electrocautery
  Endoscopic Submucosal Dissection for Superficial Esophageal Cancer
  ESD Technique: Stomach
  Endoscopic Submucosal Dissection Technique: Colorectum
  How to Conquer Difficult ESD: Duodenum, Fibrosis, and More
  Prevention of Stricture Formation after Esophageal Endoscopic Submucosal Dissection
  Regenerative Medicine for Stricture Management: What does the Future Hold?
  Prevention, Identification, and Treatment of Hemorrhage
  Management of Gastrointestinal EMR & ESD perforation: From Lab to Practice
  Identification, Treatment, and Prevention of Complications: Perforation in the Upper Gastrointestinal Tract
  Prevention, Identification, and Treatment of Perforation in the Lower Gastrointestinal Tract
  Post-resection surveillance
  POEM
  ESD Expansion: NOTES ? Eastern perspective
  ESD Expansion: NOTES ? The Western Perspective
  ESD Training in the East
  ESD training in Western Countries.

  Digital Access Springer 2015
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• Article

  Induction of prostaglandin E synthesis in normal and neoplastic macrophages: role for colony-stimulating factor(s) distinct from effects on myeloid progenitor cell proliferation.

  Kurland JI, Pelus LM, Ralph P, Bockman RS, Moore MA.

  Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1979 May;76(5):2326-30.

  The biosynthesis of prostaglandin E (PGE) by normal and neoplastic macrophages is intrinsically linked to their synthesis of, and exposure to, myeloid colony-stimulating factors (CS-factors). The defect in responsiveness to endotoxin lipopolysaccharide (LPS) by macrophages from C3H/HeJ mice extends equally to the synthesis of CS-factor and PGE. However, C3H/HeJ macrophages can be stimulated to synthesize PGE by treatment with agents other than LPS [zymosan, tuberculin purified protein derivative, concanavalin A, poly(I).poly(C)], which also stimulate CS-factor production, or by the addition of various preparations of soluble CS-factor. In peritoneal wash preparations, constitutive PGE synthesis occurred in rapidly sedimenting macrophage cells, whereas constitutive CS-factor production and inducible PGE synthesis occurred in slower sedimenting adherent cells. A similar functional heterogeneity in CS-factor and PGE production was found in neoplastic macrophagae cell lines. The association of elevated CS-factor levels and PGE synthesis by macrophages suggests a role for CS-factor in many of the physiological responses heretofore associated with elevated tissue levels of the E type prostaglandins.

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  PubMed