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  • Book
    Struan F.A. Grant, editor.
    Summary: In the past four years, many genetic loci have been implicated for BMI from the outcomes of genome-wide association studies (GWAS), primarily in adults. Insulin-induced gene 2 (INSIG2) was the first locus to be reported by this method to have a role in obesity, but replication attempts have yielded inconsistent outcomes. The identification of the second locus, the fat mass- and obesity-associated gene (FTO), has been more robustly observed by others. Studies from both FTO knock out and FTO over expression mouse model support the fact that FTO is directly involved in the regulation of energy intake and metabolism in mice, where the lack of FTO expression leads to leanness while enhanced expression of FTO leads to obesity. Along with numerous other studies, a number of genetic variants have been established robustly in the context of obesity, giving us fresh insights into the pathogenesis of the disease. This book provides a comprehensive overview of efforts aimed at uncovering genetic variants associated with obesity, which have been particularly successful in the past 5 years with the advent of genome-wide association studies (GWAS). The Genetics of Obesity covers this state of the art technology and its application to obesity in great detail. Topics include genetics of childhood obesity, genetics of syndromic obesity, copy number variants and extreme obesity, co-morbidities of obesity genetics, and functional follow-up of genetic variants.

    Contents:
    Genetic Variation and Obesity Prior to the Era of Genome-Wide Association Studies
    Genetic Obesity Syndromes
    Genome-Wide Association Studies of Obesity
    Copy Number Variants and their Contribution to the Risk of Obesity
    Genetics of Childhood Obesity
    Genetic Pleiotropies of Obesity
    Functional Follow-up of Genetic Variants Using FTO as the Prime Example.
    Digital Access Springer 2014
  • Article
    Tomecki R.
    Arch Immunol Ther Exp (Warsz). 1978;26(1-6):319-25.
    From the sera of 20 patients with ulcerative colitis (U.C.) 10 patients with Crohn's Disease (C.D.) and 10 volunteers, lymphocytes were isolated and extracts of whole lymphocytes (T+B+K) and pure T lymphocytes were prepared. Whole lymphocyte extracts were further fractionated into fraction A containing mainly antibody and fraction B containing mainly membrane-bound receptors. The ability of various lymphocytes and their extracts to lyse allogeneic colonic epithelial cells in vitro was tested with and without the addition of 50 microgram of Common antigen (C.A.) used as a blocking agent. The percentage of cells lysed by whole lymphocytes correlated well with the severity of symptoms of the patients with U.C. Pure T lymphocytes were cytotoxic only in C.D. but not in U.C. Isolated extracts fractions A and B were not cytotoxic in active U.C. except when tested in combination. The addition of the Kunin antigen blocked the effect of lymphocytes from patients with active U.C. The results indicate differences in the mechanism of immunological activity of lymphocytes in U.C. and C.D. and show a direct relation of B lymphocytes and K cells to the cytotoxicity of U.C.
    Digital Access Access Options