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  • Book
    Robert Chen, John C. Rothwell, editors.
    Summary: The study and modulation of cortical connections is a rapidly growing area in neuroscience. This unique book by prominent researchers in the field covers recent advances in this area. The first section of the book describes studies of cortical connections, modulation of cortical connectivity and changes in cortical connections with activities such as motor learning and grasping in primates. The second section covers the use of non-invasive brain stimulation to study and modulate cortical connectivity in humans. The last section describes changes in brain connectivity in neurological and psychiatric diseases, and potential new treatments that manipulate brain connectivity. This book provides an up-to-date view of the study of cortical connectivity, and covers its role in both fundamental neuroscience and potential clinical applications.

    Contents:
    Methods to assess and modulate cortical connectivity and functions in primate
    Plasticity in Motor Cortical Connectivity / Andrew Jackson
    Interactions Between Premotor and Motor Cortices in Non-Human Primates / R. N. Lemon
    Assessment and modulation of cortical connectivity using non-invasive brain stimulation in human
    Intracortical Circuits and Their Interactions in Human Primary Motor Cortex / Zhen Ni, Robert Chen
    Effects of Cortical Stimulation on Cortical Functional Connectivity: Imaging Studies / Steffen Angstmann, Hartwig Roman Siebner
    Accessing Cortical Connectivity Using TMS: EEG Co-registration / Carlo Miniussi, Marta Bortoletto, Gregor Thut, Domenica Veniero
    Interactions Between Cortical Areas During Skilled Grasp and Modulation by Brain Stimulation / Marco Davare
    Modulation of Functional Connectivity with Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation / Rafael Polanía, Michael A. Nitsche, Walter Paulus
    Cortical Connections to Motor Cortex and Their Modulation in Behavioural Tasks / Giacomo Koch
    The Functional Role of Interhemispheric Interactions in Human Motor Control / Monica A. Perez
    Functional Modulation of Primary Motor Cortex During Action Selection / Sven Bestmann
    Enhancement of Normal Cognitive Abilities Through Noninvasive Brain Stimulation / Alvaro Pascual-Leone, Jared C. Horvath, Edwin M. Robertson
    Changes in connectivity and functions in diseases
    Changes in Cortical Circuits in Movement Disorders / Zhen Ni, Robert Chen
    Stroke / Cathy M. Stinear, Winston D. Byblow
    Multiple Sclerosis / Mathias Wahl
    Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation and Spinal Cord Injury / Monica A. Perez
    Examining the Cortical Phenomena of Psychiatric Disorders using Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation / Lakshmi N. Ravindran, Natasha Radhu, Zafiris J. Daskalakis.
    Digital Access Springer 2012
  • Article
    Caillé J, Ildefonse M, Rougier O.
    Pflugers Arch. 1978 May 18;374(2):167-77.
    1. The membrane current of frog twitch muscle fibre has been recorded together with contraction in the test gap of a double sucrose gap apparatus. 2. In Ringer, the inward current sometimes shows 2 phases with the same threshold and the same reversal potential: a rapid one (early inward current) and a slower one (late inward current). The mechanical threshold is near the inward current threshold. The amplitude of the contraction increases progressively with depolarizations, without modification of its time to peak. Experiments with variation of the pulse duration and with conditioning depolarization show that a part of the contraction seems to be correlated with the late inward current. 3. Experiments in a sodium free solution, with low TTX concentration, and on glycerol treated fibres show that the late inward current corresponds to a tubular sodium current. 4. A method is described to separate the two phases of inward current. The smooth development of the current-voltage relation of the late inward current, its diminution without modification in time to peak under the action of TTX, and the exponential decay of its tail current all suggest that the tubular membrane potential is sufficiently well controlled. 5. In the experiments where the tubular membrane potential seems to be controlled, a part of the contraction depends on the tubular sodium current, perhaps involving a mechanism of sodium induced calcium release.
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