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  • Book
    Enqiang Linghu, editor.
    Summary: This book elaborates on a whole new understanding of digestive endoscopy, the core of which is to treat quite a number of diseases using minimally invasive methods, provides the walls of the digestive tube are free of perforations. Currently, the tunnel technique has been applied in the treatment of digestive early stage carcinomas, esophageal achalasia and submucosal tumors originating from muscularis propria. And this promising technique would surely be more widely used in the future. The main contents of this book include the history of the digestive endoscopic tunnel technique, the practical anatomy involved, operation steps, indications and contraindications, complications and possible future exploration fields. This book is well suited for doctors and surgeons performing digestive endoscopic therapies.

    Contents:
    Principles of digestive endoscopic tunnel technique
    Indications of tunnel technique
    Endoscopic Ling classification of the esophageal lumen
    Techniques in tunnel establishment
    Process of tunnel establishment and anatomic marks within the tunnel
    Tunnel technique for digestive mucosal lesions
    Tunnel technique for esophageal achalasia
    Tunnel technique for SMTs originating from muscularis propria
    Treatment and prevention of complications of tunnel technique
    Experimental researches of digestive endoscopic tunnel technique
    Equipments and accessories.
    Digital Access Springer 2014
  • Other
    Lund, Cajsa; Egevad, Åke.
    Print p1984
  • Article
    Silinsky EM.
    J Physiol. 1978 Jan;274:157-71.
    1. The effect of Ba2+ on the evoked secretion of individual acetylcholine (ACh) quanta was studied on frog neuromuscular junctions using conventional electro-physiological techniques. 2. In solutions containing 1.8 mM-Ba2+ and no added Ca2+, 1 Hz stimulation for less than 1 min elevated miniature end-plate potential (m.e.p.p.) frequencies to 5-20 times the control level (seven experiments). Similar results were obtained when a Ca2+-chelating agent was added to the Ba2+ solution. 3. Repetitive nerve stimulation at frequencies greater than 1 Hz in concentrations of Ba2+ greater than or equal to 1.8 mM elevated m.e.p.p. frequencies to unmeasurable levels (greater than 100/sec). Such high m.e.p.p. frequencies were accompanied by a steady depolarization of the post-synaptic membrane, which was used to estimate the number of ACh quanta released. 4. The number of ACh quanta released asynchronously by nerve impulses was directly related to the external concentration of Ba2+ in a non-linear fashion. 5. Ba2+ was two orders of magnitude more effective than Ca2+ in supporting the evoked discharge of m.e.p.p.s. Ca2+ was a potent antagonist of asynchronous release in Ba2+ solutions. 6. Mg2+ and Co2+ both competitively antagonized evoked release in Ba2+ solutions. The equilibrium dissociation constant for each ion as an antagonist of asynchronous, Ba2+-dependent release was similar to its corresponding value as an antagonist of synchronous, Ca2+-mediated release. 7. It is suggested that Ba2+ supports dispersed, quantal ACh release directly by acting through the same conductance pathway normally traversed by Ca2+.
    Digital Access Access Options