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- ArticleUrthaler F, Isobe JH, James TN.Chest. 1975 Aug;68(2):222-8.Two milliliters of a morphine sulfate solution (1 mg/ml) perfused selectively into the sinus node artery of five trained unanesthetized dogs caused an immediate brief sinus tachycardia followed by a delayed but prolonged sinus bradycardia. Beta-receptor blockade was achieved by selective perfusion of propranolol hydrochloride solution (10 mug/ml) into the sinus node artery and did not prevent the initial sinus tachycardia. Selective perfusion of the sinus node with atropine sulfate solution (1 mug/ml), however, did prevent morphine from causing further sinus rate increase. The immediate positive chronotropic action of morphine was thus attributable to a peripherally located vagolytic action. The exact opposite was true with regard to the delayed bradycardia; it was due to a centrally mediated generalized increase in vagal tone regularly elicited by morphine.