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- ArticleLei B, Yu L, Guo Y, Xue H, Wang X, Zhang Y, Dong W, Dehn F, Li W.Sci Total Environ. 2024 May 01;923:171381.Multi-recycling of concrete waste presents a promising avenue for carbon-negative development and a circular economy. This study comprehensively assesses the triaxial mechanical performance and environmental impact of multi-recycled concrete (Multi-RAC) through three recycling cycles. The results reveal a triaxial failure mode similar to natural aggregate concrete (NAC). The peak stress and peak strain monotonically increase with confinement stress, showing a significant impact (enlarged by 171.4 % to 280.6 % and 397.4 % to 412.0 %, respectively) from 0 to 20 MPa. All P-values for recycling cycles and confining pressure are less than 0.05, with the confining pressure having a more significant effect. Three best-fit multivariate mixed models predict mechanical properties, and a modified elastoplastic model introduces the recycling cycles factor. Numerical simulations confirm the model's accuracy in predicting the triaxial mechanical properties of Multi-RAC. Comparative analysis reveals that the elastoplastic model-derived non-integral high order failure criterion outperforms the Willam-Warnke failure criterion and other conventional criteria. Regarding environmental impact, all indicators (GWP, POCP, AP, EP, and CED) decrease favourably with the increasing number of recycling cycles, with CED and EP playing the most significant roles. Compared to NAC, the five environmentally favorable indicators for RACIII decrease by 3.24 % to 50.6 %, respectively. These findings provide valuable insights for future research on developing eco-friendlier Multi-RAC for sustainable and green infrastructure.
- ArticleHolder MK, Blaustein JD.PLoS One. 2017;12(2):e0171381.In female mice, the experience of being shipped from the breeder facility or a single injection of the bacterial endotoxin, lipopolysaccharide (LPS), during pubertal development alters the behavioral response to estradiol in adulthood as demonstrated by perturbations of estradiol's effects on sexual behavior, cognitive function, as well as its anxiolytic and anti-depressive properties. Microglia, the primary type of immunocompetent cell within the brain, contribute to brain development and respond to stressors with marked and long-lasting morphological and functional changes. Here, we describe the morphology of microglia and their response to shipping and LPS in peripubertal and adult female mice. Peripubertal mice have more microglia with long, thick processes in the hippocampus, amygdala and hypothalamus as compared with adult mice in the absence of an immune challenge. An immune challenge also increases immunoreactivity (IR) of ionized calcium binding adaptor molecule 1 (Iba1), which is constitutively expressed in microglia. In the hippocampus, the age of animal was without effect on the increase in Iba1- IR following shipping from the breeder facility or LPS exposure. In the amygdala, we observed more Iba1-IR following shipping or LPS treatment in peripubertal mice, compared to adult mice. In the hypothalamus, there was a disassociation of the effects of shipping and LPS treatment as LPS treatment, but not shipping, induced an increase in Iba1-IR. Taken together these data indicate that microglial morphologies differ between pubertal and adult mice; moreover, the microglial response to complex stressors is greater in pubertal mice as compared to adult mice.