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- ArticleHuang B, Wan Q, Li T, Yu L, Du W, Calhoun C, Leong KW, Qiang L.Biomaterials. 2023 Feb;293:121850.As a surging public health crisis, obesity and overweight predispose individuals to various severe comorbidities contributed by the accompanying chronic inflammation. However, few options exist for tackling chronic inflammation in obesity or inhibiting depot-specific adiposity. Here, we report that polycationic polyamidoamine (PAMAM) treatment can improve both aspects of obesity. With the discovery that the plasma cell-free RNA (cfRNA) level is elevated in obese subjects, we applied the cationic PAMAM generation 3 (P-G3) scavenger to treat diet-induced obese (DIO) mice. Intraperitoneal delivery of P-G3 alleviated the chronic inflammation in DIO mice and reduced their body weight, resulting in improved metabolic functions. To further enhance the applicability of P-G3, we complexed P-G3 with human serum albumin (HSA) to attain a sustained release, which showed consistent benefits in treating DIO mice. Local injection of HSA-PG3 into subcutaneous fat completely restricted the distribution of the complex within the targeted depot and reduced focal adiposity. Our study illuminates a promising cationic strategy to ameliorate chronic inflammation in obesity and target local adiposity.
- ArticleZheng D, Wang K, Bai B.Carbohydr Polym. 2024 May 01;331:121850.The global freshwater crisis is a pressing issue, especially in areas with little rainfall and inner continental regions. The growing attention to water scarcity has induced increased interest in research on advanced water treatment technologies. As an abundant bioactive material in nature, sodium alginate (SA) has been widely used in water management due to its outstanding water absorption and holding ability, reversible swelling property, and pollutant adsorption performance. Building on this, progress made in using various modified forms of SA to access clean water is addressed in this review. Covering studies concern the adsorption and separation of pollutants in wastewater by SA-based absorbents and freshwater harvesting by SA-based collectors. This review explores SA-based composites' composition-structure-construction designs and emphasizes the impact of materials like inorganic materials, functional polymers, and porous matrices and how they can be exploited for water treatment. It also highlights the mechanisms of contaminants adsorption and freshwater desorption of SA-based composites. Finally, the shortcomings and future orientation of SA-based composites are proposed, including performance optimization, structural modification, application expansion, and mechanism in-depth investigation. This review aims to offer a theoretical basis and technical guidance for the use of natural materials to respond to the shortage of freshwater resources.
- ArticleLuo G, Zhang J, Zhang S, Hu B, Hu L, Huang Z.Talanta. 2021 Mar 01;224:121850.In detecting infectious diseases, such as coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19), real-time reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) is one of the most important technologies for RNA detection and disease diagnosis. To achieve high quality assurance, appropriate positive and negative controls are critical for disease detection using RT-PCR kits. In this study, we have found that commercial kits often adopt DNAs instead of RNAs as the positive controls, which can't report the kit problems in reverse transcription, thereby increasing risk of the false negative results when testing patient samples. To face the challenge, we have proposed and developed the chemically modified RNAs, such as phosphoroselenaote and phosphorothioate RNAs (Se-RNA and S-RNA), as the controls. We have found that while demonstrating the high thermostability, biostability, chemostability and exclusivity (or specificity), both Se-RNA and S-RNA can be fine templates for reverse transcription, indicating their potentials as both positive and negative controls for RT-PCR kits.
- ArticleNew water based EPD thin BiVO4 film: Effective photocatalytic degradation of Amoxicillin antibiotic.Chahkandi M, Zargazi M.J Hazard Mater. 2020 05 05;389:121850.New thin BiVO4 film using facile water‒based electrophoretic deposition process was synthesized on the webbed stainless steel surface. This work can be considered as a green method owing to use of safe, non-flammable, and cheap media of water as solvent of electrophoretic deposition. Structural and morphological properties of the resultant film were studied by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Elemental and Mapping analyses (EDS), Optical Microscopy, Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM), and X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) analysis. The moderate diameter size of nanorods of the deposited BiVO4 was measured in the range of 100 to 150 nm. The prepared three layered thin film was shown permanent photocatalytic degradation rate of Amoxicillin pharmaceutical pollution as high as 97.45 % after 90 min. It can be suggested that BiVO4 nanorods have the high ability of hole-electron separation and electron transferring through the alternative routes. Indeed, the prepared thin films of BiVO4 having nanoroad morphology possess great potential for light harvesting. Moreover, webbed stainless steel with electron acceptor character leads to severe separation of photogenerated hole‒electron. The mechanistic study of the scavenging reaction introduced the hydroxyl radicals as the main specie in the photocatalytic process. It is interesting that obtained results of photocatalytic process of this BVO film within different pollutants (dyes, phenol, and drugs) demonstrated the high efficiency and mineralization rate.
- ArticleShi W, Tang Y, Liu Y, Fan J, Huang S, Guo Y, Zhang B, Lens PNL.J Environ Manage. 2024 Aug;366:121850.Hydroxyapatite (HAP), a mineral nucleus identified within aerobic granular sludge (AGS), plays a vital role in enhancing the AGS systems. However, the microscopic mechanism underlying their roles remains largely unexplored. Herein, a systematic investigation was carried out to elucidate the impact and enhanced mechanisms associated with HAP of different sizes, i.e. micro-HAP (mHAP) and nano-HAP (nHAP), on the aerobic granulation, nutrient removal and microbial diversity of AGS. Results showed that the presence of nHAP and mHAP significantly shortened the granulation process to 15 and 20 days, respectively. This might be ascribed to the fact that the large specific surface area of nHAP aggregates was conducive to microbial adhesion, biomass accumulation and sludge granulation. Compared with mHAP, the granules with nHAP showed better settlement performance, mechanical strength and larger diameter. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Raman spectrometer analysis confirmed the presence of HAP within the granules, which was found to stimulate the secretion of extracellular polymeric substance, improve the compactness of granule structure and suppress the growth of filamentous bacteria, thereby contributing to a stable AGS system. The presence of HAP, especially nHAP, effectively enriched the functional microorganisms, such as nitrifying and denitrifying bacteria (e.g. Candidatus_Competibacter) and phosphorus accumulating organisms (e.g. Flavobacterium), leading to the improved nutrient removal efficiencies (COD > 96%, TN > 76%, and TP > 74%). Further analysis revealed the up-regulation of functional enzymes (e.g. nitrite oxidoreductase and polyphosphate kinase) involved in nutrient metabolism, underlying the inherent mechanisms for the excellent nutrient removal. This study deepens the understanding of granulation mechanisms from the perspective of mineral cores, and proposes an economically feasible strategy for rapid initiation and stabilization of AGS reactors.
- ArticleWang Y, Hui X, Wang H, Chen H.Water Res. 2024 Aug 01;259:121850.Iron (Fe0, Fe (II), and Fe (III)) has been previously documented to upregulate the expression of key genes, enhancing the production of volatile fatty acids (VFAs) to achieve waste/wastewater resource recovery. However, the precise mechanism by why iron influences gene expression remains unclear. This study applied iron-assisted fermentation systems to explore the behind enhancing mechanism by constructing regulon networks among genes, microbes, and transcription factors. In iron-conditioned systems, a significant enhancement in VFAs production and upregulation of genes expression (1.19-3.92 folds) related to organic conversion and the electron transfer chain was observed. Besides, gene co-expression network and Procrustes analysis identified ten hub transcription factors (e.g., arsR, crp, iscR, perR) and their major contributors (genus) (e.g., Paludibacter, Acinetobacter, Tolumonas). Further analysis suggested that most of hub transcription factors were implicated in iron homeostasis regulation, which speculated that the induced iron homeostasis transcription factors probably effectively regulated the expression of genes encoding enzymes involving in VFAs production and electron transfer of functional microbes, in the case of Paludibacter, Acinetobacter, and Tolumonas while regulating the iron homeostasis, resulting in the efficient production of VFAs in iron-conditioned systems. This study might contribute to an enhanced understanding of the underlying genetic mechanisms by why iron influences gene expression regulation of microbes, which also provides a genetic theoretical basis for improving system VFAs production and resource recovery.
- ArticleCheng J, Zhu Y, Zhang Z, Yang W.Bioresour Technol. 2019 Nov;291:121850.Biological CO2 capture using microalgae is a promising new method for reducing CO2 emission of coal-fired flue gas. The strain of microalgae used in this process plays a vital role in determining the rate of CO2 fixation and characteristics of biomass production. High requirements are put forward for algae strains due to high CO2 concentration and diverse pollutants in flue gas. CO2 can directly diffuse into the cytoplasm of cells by extra- and intracellular CO2 osmotic pressure under high CO2 concentrations. The flue gas pollutants, such as SOx, NOx and fly ashes, have negative effects on the growth of microalgae. This work reviewed the state-of-the-art advances on microalgae strains used for CO2 fixation, focusing on the modification and improvement of strains that are used for coal-fired flue gas. Methods such as genetic engineering, random mutagenesis, and adaptive evolution have the potential to facilitate photosynthesis, improve growth rate and reduce CO2 emission.
- ArticleWalker M.Int J Pharm. 2022 Jun 25;622:121850.As the largest organ of the human body the skin offers a protective role, providing a tough but pliable covering that provides the major barrier between the internal organs and the environment. It actively regulates water loss and is both oxygen and carbon dioxide permeable, and influences temperature regulation and immunological functions through its sensory properties. Both intrinsic and enhanced environmental factors contribute to the progressive deterioration of the skin with increasing age. Cutaneous problems are therefore an unavoidable and inevitable consequence of aging skin, which can prove to be both cosmetically unacceptable to those who succumb to these problems, as well as even life threatening if skin breakdown becomes chronic as is case with leg ulceration. This in turn has major implications for long-term impact on those looking after them (e.g., family, carers, etc.) and a huge burden on the health care system.
- ArticleXu Q, Chen J, Li J, Zhao C, Yuan C.PLoS One. 2015;10(4):e0121850.A new elasto-plastic constitutive model for jointed rock mass, which can consider the persistence ratio in different visual angle and anisotropic increase of plastic strain, is proposed. The proposed the yield strength criterion, which is anisotropic, is not only related to friction angle and cohesion of jointed rock masses at the visual angle but also related to the intersection angle between the visual angle and the directions of the principal stresses. Some numerical examples are given to analyze and verify the proposed constitutive model. The results show the proposed constitutive model has high precision to calculate displacement, stress and plastic strain and can be applied in engineering analysis.
- ArticleAnnamalai S, Shin WS.Environ Pollut. 2023 Aug 15;331(Pt 2):121850.In this study, plain seaweed biochar (SW) and boron-doped seaweed biochar (BSW) were prepared through a simple pyrolysis process using Undaria pinnatifida (algae biomass) and boric acid. The BSW catalyst was utilized to degrade organic pollutants in aqueous environments by activating peroxymonosulfate (PMS). Surface characterization of the BSW demonstrated successful doping of boron into the biochar materials. BSW600 exhibited greater catalytic activity than SW600, as evidenced by the former's maximum adsorption capacity of diclofenac (DCF) onto BSW600 (qmax = 30.01 mg g-1) and the activation of PMS. Complete degradation of DCF was achieved in 30 min using 100 mg L-1 BSW600, 0.5 mM PMS, and 6.5 initial solution pH as critical parameters. The pseudo-first-order kinetic model accurately described the DCF degradation kinetics. The scavenger experiment displayed that radical and non-radical reactive oxygen species (ROS) formed in the BSW600/PMS system. Furthermore, the generation of ROS in the BSW600/PMS system was confirmed by electron spin resonance spectroscopy (ESR). The percentage contribution of ROS was assessed to be 12.3, 45.0, and 42.7% for HO•, SO4•-, and 1O2, respectively. Additionally, the electron transfer pathway was also confirmed by electrochemical analysis. Moreover, the influence of water matrics on the BSW600/PMS system was demonstrated. The co-existence of anions and humic acid (HA) did not affect the catalytic activity of the BSW600/PMS system. The recyclability of BSW600 was assessed by DCF removal (86.3%) after three cycles. Ecological structure-activity relationships software was used to assess by-product toxicity. This study demonstrates the efficacy of non-metallic heteroatom-doped biochar materials as eco-friendly catalysts in groundwater applications.
- ArticleCui Y, Guo B, Li W, Kong X.Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2023 Dec;30(58):121834-121850.The development of urban blue-green spaces is highly recommended as a nature-based solution for mitigating the urban heat island phenomenon, improving urban sustainability, and enhancing resident well-being. However, limited attention has been given to the accumulative impact of the cooling effect and the comparison of different types of landscapes. Based on the maximum and accumulative perspectives, this study selected 375 green spaces, water bodies, and urban parks in 25 cities of the Yangtze River Delta (YRD) region in China to quantify their cooling effect. Correlation and regression analyses were employed to identify the dominant factors influencing the cooling performance. The results indicated that (1) compared to other landscape patches, water areas, and parks exhibited a reduction in daily average air temperature by 3.04 and 0.57 °C, respectively. Urban parks provided the largest cooling area (CA) of 56.44 ha in the YRD region, while water bodies demonstrated the highest cooling effect (CE) of 6.88, cooling intensity (CI) of 0.02, and cooling gradient (CG) of 0.99. (2) From the maximum perspective, the perimeter of the patches played a dominant role in CA and CE for all landscape patch types, contributing more than 40% in CA variation. (3) The dominant factors varied among different landscape types from accumulative perspectives. Green spaces were influenced by road density, shape index, and the proportion of water bodies within the CA, whereas water bodies were primarily affected by the coverage of blue spaces. Vegetation growth and densely populated surroundings contributed the most to the cooling of parks. These findings enhanced the comprehension of the cooling effect in comparable urban contexts and provided valuable insights for sustainable urban management.
- ArticleLi M, Zhang Q, Lin D, Yao S.J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci. 2019 Dec 15;1134-1135:121850.Antibodies are widely used as therapeutic drugs in the treatment of various diseases. Currently, Protein A affinity chromatography is still the most popular technique in antibody purification. However, it has some limitations such as high cost, leakage of ligands and requirement of harsh elution conditions. Hydrophobic charge-induction chromatography (HCIC) provides an alternative to Protein A affinity chromatography. The binding between HCIC resins and target proteins can be achieved via hydrophobic interactions at neutral pH, and proteins can be eluted via electrostatic repulsion between proteins and charged ligands under acidic conditions. HCIC is applied to the purification of antibodies and some specific proteins successfully, which is a promising technique with economic benefits and high efficiency. In this review, theoretical analysis and factors affecting HCIC adsorption are presented that provides functional mechanism of HCIC. HCIC ligands with different structures available on the market and reported in the literature are discussed and their recent applications in antibody purification are reviewed. Moreover, affecting factors such as ligand density, preparation approaches and additives of HCIC resins on their adsorption performance are summarized and discussed. In addition, future development of HCIC such as polymer-grafted HCIC resins, membrane chromatography with HCIC and continuous chromatography are proposed.
- Bookedited by Raj Bawa, Esther H. Chang, Gerald F. Audette, Anil Diwan, Saadia A. Faiz.Summary: The pace and sophistication of advances in medicine in the past two decades have necessitated a growing need for a comprehensive reference that highlights current issues in medicine. Each volume in the Current Issues in Medicine series is a stand⁰́₀alone text that provides a broad survey of various critical topics⁰́₄all accomplished in a user-friendly yet interconnected format. The series not only highlights current advances but also explores related topics such as translational medicine, regulatory science, neglected diseases, global pandemics, patent law, immunotoxicology, ethics, theranostics, big data, artificial intelligence, novel imaging tools, combination drug products, and novel therapies. While bridging the gap between basic research, medicine, engineering, FDA law, intellectual property law, and regulatory science, the series provides a thorough understanding of medicine's potential to address health problems from both the patient⁰́₉s and the provider's perspectives in a healthcare setting. The range of topics covered, and the expertise of the contributing authors accurately reflect the rapidly evolving areas within medicine⁰́₄from basic medical sciences to clinical specialties. Current Issues in Medicine is essential reading for physicians, medical students, nurses, fellows, residents, undergraduate and graduate students, educators, policymakers, and biomedical researchers. The book⁰́₉s multidisciplinary approach makes it a valuable reference resource for the pharmaceutical industry, academia, and governments globally. However, unlike other series on medicine or medical textbooks, this series focuses on current trends, perspectives, and issues in medicine that are central to healthcare delivery in the 21st century.Volumes 1 and 2 in this series are focused on the current issues in basic medical science, subjects that are fundamental to the practice of medicine. These subjects are traditionally taught in the first two years of medical school that precede clinical instruction and training. They provide a core of basic knowledge critical to the success in clinical medicine during rotations through surgery, internal medicine, and the other specialties of medicine. Obviously, knowledge gleaned from these subjects leads to better ways to predict, prevent, diagnose, and treat disease. Specifically, volume 1 covers biochemistry, genomics, physiology, and pharmacology. Clinical specialties are covered in Volume 3. Volume 4 is directed towards diagnosis and imaging techniques, volume 5 focuses on drug delivery, and volume 6 highlights novel therapeutics and clinical applications.
Contents:
Cover
Half Title
Title Page
Copyright Page
Dedication
Table of Contents
Corresponding Authors
Note from the Series Editor
Engraving of the Bust of Hippocrates
Papyrus Fragment Showing the Hippocratic Oath
Facade of the Temple of Asclepius
Chapter 1: The Age of COVID-19: Medical Facts and Fiction
1.1: Emerging Pathogens: A Clear and Present Danger
1.2: SARS-CoV-2: Structure and Pathogenesis
1.3: Origin of SARS-CoV-2: A Chinese Lab Leak?
1.4: Vaccines, Herd Immunity, Transmissibility, and SARS-CoV-2 Variants
1.5: Vaccine Passports: A Bad Government Idea
1.6: COVID-19 Testing
1.7: Convalescent Plasma
1.8: Looking Back and Moving Forward: Will We Win?
Section 1: Medical Biochemistry and Genomics
Chapter 2: Role of Engineered Proteins as Therapeutic Formulations
2.1: Introduction
2.2: Protein Engineering Approaches
2.3: Protein Therapeutics
2.4: Protein-Based Scaffolds for Therapeutic Applications
2.5: Concluding Remarks
Chapter 3: How Physical and Chemical Information Predicts the Action of Molecules: A Historical Overview
3.1: A Definition for Pharmacology and Toxicology
3.2: Entities Do Not Act Unless Attached
3.3: The Language of Chemical Attachment
3.4: Types of Drugs and Their Actions
Chapter 4: Three-Dimensional Chromatin in Infectious Disease: A Role for Gene Regulation and Pathogenicity?
4.1: Introduction
4.2: Conclusions
Chapter 5: Aptamers, the Nucleic Acid Antibodies, in Cancer Therapy
5.1: Introduction
5.2: General Properties of Aptamers
5.3: Advantages and Limitations of Aptamers
5.4: Principle and Procedure of SELEX
5.5: Aptamers in Cancer Therapy
5.6: Cancer Therapy Aptamers in Clinical Trials
5.7: Conclusions
Chapter 6: Identifying Genetic Markers Associated with Susceptibility to Cardiovascular Diseases. 6.1: Methods
6.2: Diet and CVD Risk
6.3: Inherited Genetic Susceptibility
6.4: Pharmacogenetics and Future Potential
6.5: Conclusion
6.6: Future Perspective
Chapter 7: Production and Application of Multicistronic Constructs for Various Human Disease Therapies
7.1: Introduction
7.2: IRES
7.3: Self-Cleaving 2A Peptides
7.4: Multicistronic Vectors for Neurodegenerative Disease Therapy
7.5: Multicistronic Vectors for Metabolic Disease Therapy
7.6: Multicistronic Vectors for the Treatment of Autoimmune Diseases
7.7: Multicistronic Vectors for Cardiovascular Disease Therapy
7.8: Multicistronic Vectors for Cancer Therapy
7.9: Multicistronic Vectors for the Prevention of Viral and Bacterial Infections
7.10: Conclusions and Future Perspectives
Chapter 8: The Nuclear Lamina: Protein Accumulation and Disease
8.1: Introduction
8.2: Basic Structure and Function of the Nuclear Lamina
8.3: Hutchinson-Gilford Progeria Syndrome: A Protein Accumulation Disease of the Nuclear Lamina?
8.4: Lamina-Associated Protein Accumulation in Neurodegenerative Disease
8.5: Mechanisms of Protein Clearance from the Lamina
8.6: Autophagy and Nucleophagy-Mediated Clearance of Lamina Proteins
8.7: Mechanisms Marking Proteins for Removal from the Lamina
8.8: Promoting Lamina Protein Clearance
8.9: Concluding Remarks
Chapter 9: The Importance of Protein Post-Translational Modifications in the Pathogenesis and Progression of Neurodegenerative Diseases
9.1: Introduction
9.2: Methods
9.3: Results
9.4: Discussion
Chapter 10: DNA Damage/Repair Management in Cancers
10.1: Introduction
10.2: Types of DNA Damage
10.3: DNA Damage Response
10.4: Components of the DNA Damage Response
10.5: DDR and Disease Treatment
10.6: DNA Repair Pathways. 10.7: Cell Cycle as a Checkpoint in DNA Damage
10.8: Effects of Chemotherapy or Radiation in Cancer Treatments
10.9: Potential Biomarkers of Chromosomal Abnormalities
10.10: Clonal Evolution in Cancer
10.11: Conclusions
Chapter 11: Advancing Clinical Cohort Selection with Genomics Analysis on a Distributed Platform
11.1: Introduction
11.2: Materials and Methods
11.3: Results
11.4: Discussion
11.5: Conclusion
Chapter 12: Pharmacogenomics of Tamoxifen
12.1: What Is Tamoxifen?
12.2: Why Is Pharmacogenomics of Tamoxifen Important?
12.3: The Controversy in the Tamoxifen-CYP2D6 Study
12.4: Future Direction of Tamoxifen Pharmacogenomics
Chapter 13: Nanocrystals: The Universal Formulation Principle to Improve the Bioactivity of Poorly Soluble Actives
13.1: Introduction
13.2: First Generation of Drug Nanocrystals
13.3: SmartCrystals: Advantages of the Second Generation
13.4: Conclusion and Perspectives
Chapter 14: Cellular Mechanisms of Human Atherogenesis: Focus on Chronification of Inflammation and Mitochondrial Mutations
14.1: Introduction
14.2: Cellular Mechanisms of Atherogenesis
14.3: Variants of the Nuclear Genome Associated with Atherosclerosis
14.4: Variants of Mitochondrial Genome Associated with Atherosclerosis
14.5: Role of Mitochondrial Mutations in Cellular Mechanism of Atherosclerosis
Chronification of Inflammtion
14.6: Conclusions
Chapter 15: Vitamin D Pathway and the Pathogenesis of Inflammatory Bowel Disease
15.1: Introduction
15.2: Results
15.3: Discussion
15.4: Materials and Methods
Chapter 16: The Structural Ensemble of the Conjugative F-like T4SS
16.1: Introduction
16.2: Regulation of Bacterial Conjugation
16.3: Structures Involved in Pilin Processing, Pilus Extension, and Retraction. 16.4: Mating Pair Stabilization Proteins and the Dynamics of Their Structural Ensemble
16.5: The Structures of Conjugative DNA Transfer Proteins
16.6: Surface and Entry Exclusion Proteins
16.7: Conclusions
Chapter 17: Polygenic Risk-Tailored Screening for Prostate Cancer: A Benefit-Harm and Cost-Effectiveness Modelling Study
17.1: Introduction
17.2: Methods
17.3: Results
17.4: Discussion
17.5: Conclusion
Chapter 18: Apoptotic Bodies: Particular Extracellular Vesicles Involved in Intercellular Communication
18.1: Introduction
18.2: Apoptosis
18.3: Extracellular Vesicles, Other than Apoptotic Bodies
18.4: Apoptotic Bodies
18.5: Conclusions
Section 2: Human Physiology and Pathology
Chapter 19: Circulating Tumor Cells and Personalized Medicine
19.1: Metastasis and Circulating Tumor Cells
19.2: Enrichment and Detection of CTCs
19.3: Clinical Implications of CTC Detection and Enumeration
19.4: Molecular Characterization of CTC and Personalized Medicine
19.5: Summary
Chapter 20: Pathology in the Era of Personalized Medicine
20.1: Why Is the Role of Pathologists in Personalized Medicine Important?
20.2: Practical Guidance for Molecular Pathology
20.3: Next-Generation Sequencing and the Pathologist
20.4: Conclusions
Chapter 21: Speech Intelligibility during Clinical and Low Frequency
21.1: Introduction
21.2: Methods
21.3: Results
21.4: Discussion
Chapter 22: Physiological Renormalization Using Systems Therapeutics
Chapter 23: Pathology Is Always Around Us: Apophenia in Pathology, a Remarkable Unreported Phenomenon
Chapter 24: The Secrets of the Mediterranean Diet. Does [Only] Olive Oil Matter?
24.1: Introduction
24.2: Definition and Composition of Mediterranean Diet
24.3: Mediterranean Diet and Diet Diversity. 24.4: Mediterranean Diet Contribution to Immunomodulation
24.5: Summary
Chapter 25: Relationship between Diet, Microbiota, and Healthy Aging
25.1: Introduction
25.2: Interplay between Aging and Microbiota
25.3: The Influence of Nutrition on the Microbiota and Aging
25.4: Conclusions
Chapter 26: Does Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Induce Inflammation? If So, Does It Mater? Current Insights and Future Perspectives for Novel Therapies
26.1: Background
26.2: Cross-Talk between Dyslipidemia and Immunity
26.3: Inflammatory Biomarkers and Atherosclerosis
26.4: Lipid-Lowering Treatment and Anti-Inflammation: Is There a Causal Relationship?
26.5: Inflammation as a Novel Therapeutic Target for Atherosclerotic CV Disease: Insights from Recent Clinical Trials
26.6: (Cholesterol-Induced) Inflammation, Diseases Other Than Atherosclerosis, and Effects of Cholesterol Lowering by Statins
26.7: Residual Inflammatory Risk versus Residual Cholesterol Risk: No More Coin Flipping
26.8: Discussion
26.9: Conclusions
Chapter 27: Role of Biomarkers in Clinical Development of Cancer Therapies
27.1: Introduction
27.2: A Few Definitions and General Concepts
27.3: Role of Biomarkers in the Different Stages of Drug Development
27.4: Conclusions and Future Directions
Chapter 28: In Sickness and Health: Effects of Gut Microbial Metabolites on Human Physiology
28.1: The Impact of Gut Bacterial Metabolites on Host Physiology
28.2: Metabolism of Drugs and Other Xenobiotics by Gut Microbes
28.3: A Way Forward in the Search for Beter Therapeutics
Chapter 29: Current Methodologies Utilized in the Conduct of Randomized Clinical Trials
29.1: Utilization of Control
29.2: Placebo Control
29.3: Sham Procedures
29.4: Randomization
29.5: Methods of Randomization
29.6: Conclusion and Future Perspective
Chapter 30: The Prion-Like Phenomenon in Alzheimer's Disease: Evidence of Pathology Transmission in Humans.Digital Access TandFonline [2021]