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- ArticleMonier E, Oberlin T, Brun N, Li X, Tencé M, Dobigeon N.Ultramicroscopy. 2020 Aug;215:112993.This paper discusses the reconstruction of partially sampled spectrum-images to accelerate the acquisition in scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM). The problem of image reconstruction has been widely considered in the literature for many imaging modalities, but only a few attempts handled 3D data such as spectral images acquired by STEM electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS). Besides, among the methods proposed in the microscopy literature, some are fast but inaccurate while others provide accurate reconstruction but at the price of a high computation burden. Thus none of the proposed reconstruction methods fulfills our expectations in terms of accuracy and computation complexity. In this paper, we propose a fast and accurate reconstruction method suited for atomic-scale EELS. This method is compared to popular solutions such as beta process factor analysis (BPFA) which is used for the first time on STEM-EELS images. Experiments based on real as synthetic data will be conducted.
- ArticleCohen GS, Kallarakal MA, Jayaraman S, Ibukun FI, Tong KP, Orzolek LD, Larman HB, Krummey SM.Cell Rep. 2023 08 29;42(8):112993.CD8+ T cells mediate acute rejection of allografts, which threatens the long-term survival of transplanted organs. Using MHC class I tetramers, we find that allogeneic CD8+ T cells are present at an elevated naive precursor frequency relative to other epitopes, only modestly increase in number after grafting, and maintain high T cell receptor diversity throughout the immune response. While antigen-specific effector CD8+ T cells poorly express the canonical effector marker KLRG-1, expression of the activated glycoform of CD43 defines potent effectors after transplantation. Activated CD43+ effector T cells maintain high expression of the coreceptor induced T cell costimulator (ICOS) in the presence of CTLA-4 immunoglobulin (Ig), and dual CTLA-4 Ig/anti-ICOS treatment prolongs graft survival. These data demonstrate that graft-specific CD8+ T cells have a distinct response profile relative to anti-pathogen CD8+ T cells and that CD43 and ICOS are critical surface receptors that define potent effector CD8+ T cell populations that form after transplantation.
- ArticleBais B, Munk-Olsen T, Bergink V, Liu X.Psychiatry Res. 2020 06;288:112993.Using prescription drugs during pregnancy is challenging and approached with caution. In this study, we present population-based information on prescription patterns of benzodiazepines and benzodiazepine-related drugs in the peripartum period. A population-based study of 1,154,817 pregnancies between 1997 and 2015 in Denmark, of which 205,406 (17.8%) pregnancies in women with a psychiatric history. Prescription drugs starting with Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical codes N05BA, N05CD, and N05CF from 12 months before pregnancy to 12 months following pregnancy were identified. We used generalised estimating equations to estimate the adjusted 5 year risk difference in the proportion of women redeeming benzodiazepines from 1 year to 5 years after. Logistic regression was used to analyze the association between characteristics and discontinuation of benzodiazepines during pregnancy. The prevalence of benzodiazepine prescriptions was 1.9% before pregnancy, 0.6% during pregnancy, and 1.3% after pregnancy. In women with a psychiatric history, the prevalence was 5-6 times higher. A significant decrease in prescriptions to women with a psychiatric history was observed, which was less profound among women with no psychiatric history. Approximately 90% of women discontinue benzodiazepines during pregnancy, with a higher percentage of women discontinuing from 1997 to 2015. The observed decrease is likely explained by changing treatment guidelines.
- ArticleGoodman CV, Bashash M, Green R, Song P, Peterson KE, Schnaas L, Mercado-García A, Martínez-Medina S, Hernández-Avila M, Martinez-Mier A, Téllez-Rojo MM, Hu H, Till C.Environ Res. 2022 08;211:112993.OBJECTIVE: Prenatal exposure to fluoride has been associated with adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes. However, the neuropsychological profile of fluoride's developmental neurotoxicity at low levels and the stability of this relationship across childhood has not been characterized. We investigated the longitudinal and domain specific effect of prenatal fluoride exposure on IQ among children ages 4, 5, and 6-12 years in the Early Life Exposures in Mexico to Environmental Toxicants (ELEMENT) cohort.
METHODS: We measured the average of maternal urinary fluoride at each trimester of pregnancy adjusted for creatinine (MUFCRE). Children were administered the McCarthy Scales of Children's Abilities at ages 4 (N = 386) and 5 (N = 308), and the Wechsler Abbreviated Scale of Intelligence at age 6-12 (N = 278). We used generalized estimating equation (GEE) models to estimate the population averaged effect of MUFCRE concentration on longitudinal General Cognitive Index (GCI)/Full-Scale IQ (FSIQ), Verbal IQ (VIQ), and Performance IQ (PIQ) scores (N = 348). We tested for possible interactions between MUFCRE and child sex as well as for MUFCRE and time point on children's IQ. All models controlled for relevant available covariates.
RESULTS: The mean/median MUFCRE concentration was 0.90/0.83 mg/L (SD = 0.39; IQR, 0.64-1.11 mg/L). A 0.5 mg/L increase in MUFCRE predicted an average 2.12-point decrease in GCI/FSIQ (95% CI: -3.49, -0.75) and 2.63-point decrease in PIQ (95% CI: -3.87, -1.40). MUFCRE was marginally associated with VIQ across time (B = -1.29, 95% CI: -2.60, 0.01). No interactions between MUFCRE and child sex or MUFCRE and time were observed.
CONCLUSION: The negative association between prenatal fluoride exposure and longitudinal IQ was driven by decrements in non-verbal intelligence (i.e. PIQ), suggesting that visual-spatial and perceptual reasoning abilities may be more impacted by prenatal fluoride exposure as compared to verbal abilities. - ArticleTavill G.Physiol Behav. 2020 09 01;223:112993.Industry attention to the issue of food waste, simplistically defined as inedible byproducts of food production practices, is on the rise due to economic, social/ethical and environmental factors related to management of these materials. Long considered an unavoidable cost of doing business, many industry players are increasingly seeing food waste as a key sustainability issue and as an under-utilized resource. Conversely, wasted food, simplistically defined as uneaten edible food, is largely generated at the consumer level either at or away from home. Given the complex social context related to food preferences, customs and the degree of awareness at the consumer level, reducing waste in home may be difficult without technology and industry intervention. From that perspective, companies already serve this role through food storage, preservation and processing techniques as well as advancements in packaging technologies. Beyond product design elements, industry can support technology that can help reduce wasted food at the consumer level through advancements in "connected homes" that use mobile apps, smart appliances and e-commerce platforms to help with planning, inventory management and cooking techniques. This is an opinion paper based on direct practical experience and collaboration with other companies in retail, restaurant and manufacturing sectors.
- ArticleNagendla NK, Muralidharan K, Raju M, Mohan H, Selvakumar P, Bhandi MM, Mudiam MKR, Ramalingam V.Food Res Int. 2023 09;171:112993.The comprehensive metabolic profiling was performed in the leaf extracts of Mangifera indica and assessed for their significant therapeutic application in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine in both in vitro and in vivo studies. About 147 compounds were identified in the ethyl acetate and methanol extracts of M. indica using MS/MS fragmentation analysis and the selected compounds were quantified using LC-QqQ-MS analysis. The in vitro cytotoxic activity showed that the M. indica extracts enhance the proliferation of mouse myoblast cells in concentration-dependent manner. As well, the extracts of M. indica induce the myotube formation by generating oxidative stress in the C2C12 cells was confirmed. The western blot analysis clearly showed that the M. indica induce myogenic differentiation by upregulating the myogenic marker proteins such as PI3K, Akt, mTOR, MyoG, and MyoD. The in vivo studies showed that the extracts expedites the acute wound repair by formation of crust, wound closure and improves the blood perfusion towards the wound area. Together, the leaves of M. indica can be used as excellent therapeutic agent for tissue repair and wound healing applications.
- ArticleEryaşar AR, Gedik K, Şahin A, Öztürk RÇ, Yılmaz F.Mar Pollut Bull. 2021 Dec;173(Pt A):112993.Time-series datasets showing the gradual conformational change in the status and characteristics of microplastics (MP) in marine waters are needed to protect vulnerable marine ecosystems. In this study, the abundance, spatiotemporal distribution, polymer composition, size, and shapes of the MP in the seawater sampled from 0.5 (station-1), 2.5 (station-2), and 5 (station-3) miles off the coast of the southeastern Black Sea between 2009 and 2020 were investigated. The abundance of the MP ranged from 0.181 to 0.944 m-3. The amounts of MP in the stations, from the greatest to the smallest, were 0.65 MP m-3 (2), 0.45 MP m-3 (1), 0.29 MP m-3 (3). Thirteen types of polymers were detected by FTIR, the most abundant types of which were polyethylene (44.9%) and polyethylene terephthalate (25.3%). Sizes of MP ranged from 118 to 4998 μm, 50% being smaller than 2000 μm. The most dominant shape of the MPs was fragments (56.3%). Abundance did not show significant spatiotemporal changes. Periodical data presented herein may represent a remarkable projection and create a baseline for the ecosystem's future functioning and pollution research in the Black Sea.
- ArticleFujiwara T, Miyazato K, Takahashi K, Hayakawa Y.J Immunol Methods. 2021 04;491:112993.Although the importance of NK cells as immune effector cells in controlling growth and metastatic dissemination of tumor cells has been widely recognized, it is unclear whether NK cells in different organs similarly control tumor cell growth and metastasis. In the present study, we established a bioluminescent imaging model of mouse T cell lymphoma cells, which are highly susceptive to NK cell-dependent immune-surveillance, to monitor the dissemination of lymphoma cells using an in vivo imaging system. The use of this model is expected to be a highly sensitive method to examine the role of NK cells in controlling lymphoma dissemination in a variety of tissues.
- ArticleGlushchak K, Ficarro A, Schoenfeld TJ.Behav Brain Res. 2021 02 05;399:112993.Meals of high-fat diet (HFD) during adolescence produce stronger impairments to memory during adolescence than adulthood, however recovery of memory from adolescent HFD is underexplored. In addition, many tests of rodent memory are confounded by aversive or food-based stimuli, making it difficult to determine baseline memory processing affected by HFD. Thus, we utilized three cohorts of rats (adolescent HFD, adult HFD, and adolescent HFD with recovery) to explore the effects of HFD at different ages on two traditional tests of memory based strictly on object exploration, novel object recognition and novel object location tests. To isolate stress as a variable, rats were tested either at baseline or with cold water swim occurring directly after object acquisition. Results show that preference for novel objects is impaired by stress across all groups, but HFD alone only impairs preference for novel objects during adolescence, although this recovers after switching to a control diet. Additionally, preference for an object in a new location is impaired by HFD in all age groups and fails to recover following diet change. Together the data suggest that stress and HFD differentially affect object preference, based on test type, except during the adolescent period. Because these tests are traditionally interpreted as memory processes dependent on two distinct brain regions, the hippocampus and perirhinal cortex, these results support that stress and HFD affect the hippocampus and perirhinal cortex differently. The data affirm that while perirhinal cortex-dependent behavior recovers, the adolescent period is susceptible to long-lasting dysfunctions of hippocampal behavior by HFD.
- ArticleMa K, Chen Y, Fan X, Yuan Y, Wang K, Tian C, Li M.J Ethnopharmacol. 2020 Nov 15;262:112993.ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Diminished ovarian reserve (DOR) can lead to poor fertility and shorten the reproductive lifespan of females. The Dingkun Pill (DKP), a traditional Chinese-patented medication, has been an integral part of traditional Chinese medicinal treatment for the management of gynecological diseases for centuries. Relevant clinical studies have shown that DKP is able to protect against DOR, however, its mechanism of action is not yet fully elucidated.
STUDY GOALS: This study was conducted with the aim of exploring the impact of tripterygium wilfordii polyglycosidium (TWP) on the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway in the context of the pathophysiology of DOR and the mechanism of action of DKP.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: Eighty female balb/c mice with regular estrous cycles were assigned to Blank, Model, DKP and hormone replacement therapy (HRT) groups in a random manner. With the exception of the Blank group, mice in the other groups were exposed to 40 mg/kg/d TWP suspension for 30 days to DOR induction. Following this, either DKP or hormones were orally administrated to determine their effect on disease progression. During the experiment, changes in body weight and the estrous cycles of the mice were observed. Post treatment, serum sample anti-mullerian hormone (AMH), estradiol (E2), luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) levels were quantified using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The mice were then sacrificed in order to harvest their ovaries for hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining. This process allowed for the assessment of ovarian morphology and follicular quantification. Apoptotic ovarian cells of the ovary were assessed using TUNEL technique, while Caspase-3 and Cytochrome C (Cyt C) expressions of the ovary were examined through immunohistochemistry (IHC). Western blotting analysis was used to quantify levels of Bax, Bcl-2, Caspase-3, Cyt C, mTOR, P-mTOR, AKT, P-AKT, P-PI3K and PI3K proteins, while mRNA levels of Bax, Bcl-2, PI3K, AKT and mTOR were measured in ovarian tissue using RT-PCR.
RESULTS: The findings revealed that DKP was able to improve levels of serum hormones and promote the recovery of the estrous cycle. DKP augmented the total amount of primordial follicles while reducing the number of follicles that were atretic follicles. The apoptosis index of growing follicles and Bax, Cyt C and Caspase-3 expressions decreased, while the Bcl-2: Bax ratio increased. DKP suppressed levels of phosphorylation and the mRNA expressions of mTOR, AKT and PI3K.
CONCLUSIONS: It was demonstrated that DKP was able to increase ovarian reserves through inhibition of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway, which lead to the suppression of primordial follicle activity and a reduction in levels of apoptosis of early growing follicles. This highlights its potentially beneficial role for the treatment of DOR. - ArticleWu L, Zheng H, Wang X.J Environ Manage. 2021 Sep 15;294:112993.Soil amelioration is an effective practice to alleviate the adverse effects of soil salinization. However, increasing the fertility of salt-affected soils has been challenging, particularly in coastal saline-alkaline paddy soils. Here, we carried out a 45-day incubation experiment to evaluate the impacts of soil amendments on fractions and stability of soil organic matter (SOM) in a saline-alkaline paddy. The experiment simulates the flooding-draining practice and consists of CaCO3, gypsum and biochar amendments using different fertility soils. We measured dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and nitrogen (DON) in supernatant liquids, water-soluble cations, water extractable organic carbon (WEOC) and nitrogen (WEON), and microbial biomass carbon (MBC) and nitrogen (MBN) in soils after the incubation. Results showed that water soluble sodium (Na+) was significantly decreased under all amendments (by 17%-32%), except in high fertility soil. We found a significant decrease in DOC (by 36%-47%) under gypsum treatment, but in DON (by 18%-59%) under biochar treatment. However, there was no significant effect on DOC or DON under CaCO3 treatment. Gypsum treatment led to decreased WEOC content (by 0.067%-5.4%), but increased MBC (by 0.16%-44%) and MBN (by 8.3%-37%) in all soils. Biochar treatment caused a decrease in the ratios of WEOC to soil organic carbon (SOC) and WEON to total nitrogen (TN), and an increase in MBC:SOC and MBN:TN ratios. These results suggest that gypsum and biochar amendments can enhance SOM stability in the saline-alkaline paddy. However, SOM stability was not enhanced under CaCO3 treatment, probably due to the presence of a large amount of Na+ in these soils. Our study highlights that soil amelioration has different effects on soil carbon and nitrogen cycles in the saline-alkaline paddy soils, which is associated with water-logged condition.
- ArticleVundavilli H, Datta A, Sima C, Hua J, Lopes R, Bittner M, Miller T, Wilson-Robles HM.Biomed Pharmacother. 2022 Jun;150:112993.Osteosarcoma is the most prevalent malignant bone tumor and occurs most commonly in the adolescent and young adult population. Despite the recent advances in surgeries and chemotherapy, the overall survival in patients with resectable metastases is around 20%. This challenge in osteosarcoma is often attributed to the drastic differences in the tumorigenic profiles and mutations among patients. With diverse mutations and multiple oncogenes, it is necessary to identify the therapies that can attack various mutations and simultaneously have minor side-effects. In this paper, we constructed the osteosarcoma pathway from literature and modeled it using ordinary differential equations. We then simulated this network for every possible gene mutation and their combinations and ranked different drug combinations based on their efficacy to drive a mutated osteosarcoma network towards cell death. Our theoretical results predict that drug combinations with Cryptotanshinone (C19H20O3), a traditional Chinese herb derivative, have the best overall performance. Specifically, Cryptotanshinone in combination with Temsirolimus inhibit the JAK/STAT, MAPK/ERK, and PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathways and induce cell death in tumor cells. We corroborated our theoretical predictions using wet-lab experiments on SaOS2, 143B, G292, and HU03N1 human osteosarcoma cell lines, thereby demonstrating the potency of Cryptotanshinone in fighting osteosarcoma.
- ArticleQu M, Chen J, Li W, Zhang C, Wan M, Huang B, Zhao Y.Environ Pollut. 2019 Nov;254(Pt A):112993.Heavy metal data measured by portable X-ray fluorescence (PXRF), especially by in-situ PXRF, are usually affected by multiple soil factors, such as soil moisture (SM), soil organic matter (SOM), and soil particle size (SPZ). Thus, a correction may be needed. However, traditionally-used correction methods, such as non-spatial linear regression (LR), cannot effectively correct the spatially non-stationary influences of the related soil factors on PXRF analysis. Moreover, these correction methods are not robust to outliers. In this study, robust geographically weighted regression (RGWR) was used to correct in-situ and ex-situ PXRF data of soil Pb in a peri-urban agricultural area of Wuhan City, China. The accuracy of the corrected PXRF data by RGWR was compared with those by non-spatial and spatial but non-robust methods (i.e., LR and GWR). In addition, to find an appropriate method of using the corrected PXRF data for more accurate spatial prediction, we compared robust ordinary kriging with the corrected PXRF data as part of hard data (ROK-CPXRF) and robust ordinary cokriging with the corrected PXRF data as auxiliary soft data (RCoK-CPXRF). Results showed that (i) RGWR obtained higher correction accuracy than LR and GWR on both the in-situ and ex-situ PXRF data; (ii) the accuracy of the RGWR-corrected in-situ PXRF data was increased nearly to that of the RGWR-corrected ex-situ PXRF data; (iii) given the same amount of sample data, ROK-CPXRF obtained higher prediction accuracy than RCoK-CPXRF. It is concluded that the methods suggested in this study may largely promote the application of in-situ PXRF technique for rapid and accurate soil heavy metal investigation in large-scale areas.
- ArticleBianchi L, Baroni S, Paroni G, Violatto MB, Moscatiello GY, Panini N, Russo L, Fiordaliso F, Colombo L, Diomede L, Saccomandi P, Bigini P.J Photochem Photobiol B. 2024 Oct;259:112993.To increase the therapeutic efficacy of nanoparticle (NP)-assisted photothermal therapy (PTT) and allow for a transition toward the clinical setting, it is pivotal to characterize the thermal effect induced in cancer cells and correlate it with the cell biological response, namely cell viability and cell death pathways. This study quantitatively evaluated the effects of gold nanorod (GNR)-assisted near-infrared (NIR) PTT on two different cancer cell lines, the 4T1 triple-negative breast cancer cells and the Pan02 pancreatic cancer cells. The interaction between nanomaterials and biological matrices was investigated in terms of GNR internalization and effect on cell viability at different GNR concentrations. GNR-mediated PTT was executed on both cell lines, at the same treatment settings to allow a straightforward comparison, and real-time monitored through thermographic imaging. A thermal analysis based on various parameters (i.e., maximum absolute temperature, maximum temperature change, temperature variation profile, area under the time-temperature change curve, effective thermal enhancement (ETE), and time constants) was performed to evaluate the treatment thermal outcome. While GNR treatment and NIR laser irradiation alone did not cause cell toxicity in the selected settings, their combination induced a significant reduction of cell viability in both cell lines. At the optimal experimental condition (i.e., 6 μg/mL of GNRs and 4.5 W/cm2 laser power density), GNR-assisted PTT reduced the cell viability of 4T1 and Pan02 cells by 94% and 87% and it was associated with maximum temperature changes of 25 °C and 29 °C (i.e., ∼1.8-fold increase compared to the laser-only condition), maximum absolute temperatures of 55 °C and 54 °C, and ETE values of 78% and 81%, for 4T1 and Pan02 cells, correspondingly. Also, the increase in the GNR concentration led to a decrease in the time constants, denoting faster heating kinetics upon irradiation. Furthermore, the thermal analysis parameters were correlated with the extent of cell death. Twelve hours after NIR exposure, GNR-assisted PTT was found to mainly trigger secondary apoptosis in both cell lines. The proposed study provides relevant insights into the relationship between temperature history and biological responses in the context of PTT. The findings contribute to the development of a universal methodology for evaluating thermal sensitivity upon NP-assisted PTT on different cell types and lay the groundwork for future translational studies.
- ArticleMartín-Acosta P, Xiao X.Eur J Med Chem. 2021 Jan 15;210:112993.Small molecule inhibitors of proteins represent important medicines and critical chemical tools to investigate the biology of the target proteins. Advances in various -omics technologies have fueled the pace of discovery of disease-relevant proteins. Translating these discoveries into human benefits requires us to develop specific chemicals to inhibit the proteins. However, traditional small molecule inhibitors binding to orthosteric or allosteric sites face significant challenges. These challenges include drug selectivity, therapy resistance as well as drugging undruggable proteins and multi-domain proteins. To address these challenges, PROteolysis TArgeting Chimera (PROTAC) has been proposed. PROTACs are heterobifunctional molecules containing a binding ligand for a protein of interest and E3 ligase-recruiting ligand that are connected through a chemical linker. Binding of a PROTAC to its target protein will bring a E3 ligase in close proximity to initiate polyubiquitination of the target protein ensuing its proteasome-mediated degradation. Unlike small molecule inhibitors, PROTACs achieve target protein degradation in its entirety in a catalytical fashion. In this review, we analyze recent advances in PROTAC design to discuss how PROTACs can address the challenges facing small molecule inhibitors to potentially deliver next-generation medicines and chemical tools with high selectivity and efficacy. We also offer our perspectives on the future promise and potential limitations facing PROTACs. Investigations to overcome these limitations of PROTACs will further help realize the promise of PROTACs for human benefits.
- ArticleNesrin K, Yusuf C, Ahmet K, Ali SB, Muhammad NA, Suna S, Fatih Ş.J Pharm Biomed Anal. 2020 Feb 05;179:112993.Nanotechnology is being used effectively in many areas contemporarily. Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are one of the most crucial and remarkable nanomaterials involved in medical applications. These nanoparticles (NPs) have an important place in nanomedicine, nanotechnology, and in particularly, nanoscience. AgNPs are one of the most widely used materials in antibacterial and antiseptic practices. The synthesis of biogenic AgNPs has been applied as an alternative to physical and chemical synthesis. For this purpose, water extracts of Rhododendron ponticum were used for biosynthesis of AgNPs. Also, AgNPs were characterized by UV-vis spectrophotometer, scanning transmission electron microscope (STEM) and X-ray diffractometer (XRD). The antimicrobial activity of AgNPs synthesized with Rhododendron ponticum was analyzed by the Minimum Inhibition Concentration (MIC) test. Also, the biofilm inhibition test was made, and AgNPs showed a strong effect for biofilm inhibition. In addition, the prepared nanoparticles were tried for cytotoxicity activity with the help of MTT assay in MCF-7 and 4T1 cancer cell lines.
- ArticleKostić S, Vilotić A, Pirković A, Dekanski D, Borozan S, Nacka-Aleksić M, Vrzić-Petronijević S, Jovanović Krivokuća M.Food Chem Toxicol. 2022 May;163:112993.Caffeic acid is highlighted as one of the major phenolic compounds present in foods with known antioxidant activity. This phenolic is among commonly consumed substances in everyday diet of pregnant women. However, there is not enough information on its effects during pregnancy, especially the most vulnerable early stage. Extravillous trophoblast cells are specific cells of the placenta that come in direct contact with maternal uterine tissue. Through this study we investigated the cytoprotective effects of caffeic acid on H2O2-induced oxidative damage in first trimester extravillous trophoblast cell line HTR-8/SVneo. Investigated concentrations (1-100 μM) of caffeic acid showed neither cytotoxic nor genotoxic effects on HTR-8/SVneo cells. The treatment with caffeic acid 100 μM significantly increased the percentage of cells in G2/M phase of the cell cycle, compared to non-treated cells. Pretreatment with caffeic acid (10 and 100 μM) attenuated oxidative DNA damage significantly, reduced cytotoxicity, protein and lipid peroxidation, and restored antioxidant capacity in trophoblast cells following H2O2 exposure. This beneficial outcome is probably mediated by the augmentation of GSH and effective ROS scavenging by caffeic acid. These promising results require further investigations to reveal the additional mechanisms/pathways and confirmation through studies in vivo.
- ArticleYuan J, Zhao Y, Bai Y, Gu J, Yuan Y, Liu X, Liu Z, Zou H, Bian J.Ecotoxicol Environ Saf. 2021 Nov 19;228:112993.Acute exposure to cadmium (Cd) causes vacuolar degeneration in buffalo rat liver 3 A (BRL 3 A) cells. The present study aimed to determine the relationship between Cd-induced microtubule damage and intracellular vacuolar degeneration. Western blotting results showed that Cd damaged the microtubule network and downregulated the expression of microtubule-associated proteins-kinesin-1 heavy chain (KIF5B), γ-tubulin, and acetylated α-tubulin in BRL 3 A cells. Immunofluorescence staining revealed that Cd inhibited interactions between α-tubulin and microtubule-associated protein 4 (MAP4) as well as KIF5B. Increasing Cd concentrations decreased the levels of the lipid kinase, PIKfyve, which regulates the activity of endosome-lysosome fission. Immunofluorescence and transmission electron microscopy revealed vacuole-like organelles that were late endosomes and lysosomes. The PIKfyve inhibitor, YM201636, and the microtubule depolymerizer, nocodazole, aggravated Cd-induced endosome-lysosome enlargement. Knocking down the kif5b gene that encodes KIF5B intensified the enlargement of endosome-lysosomes and expression of early endosome antigen 1 (EEA1), Ras-related protein Rab-7a (RAB7), and lysosome-associated membrane glycoprotein 2 (LAMP2). Nocodazole, YM201636, and the knockdown of kif5b blocked autophagic flux. We concluded that Cd-induced damage to the microtubule network is the main reason for endosome-lysosome enlargement and autophagic flux blockage in BRL 3 A cells, and kinesin-1 plays a critical role in this process.
- BookMark W. Anderson, Michael G. Fox, Nicholas C. Nacey.Summary: "A sure grasp of cross-sectional anatomy is essential for accurate radiologic interpretation, and Sectional Anatomy by MRI and CT, 5th Edition, provides exactly the information needed in a highly illustrated, quick-reference format. New coverage of the cervical spine, brain, and thumb, as well as new on/off labels in the eBook version make this title an essential diagnostic tool for both residents and practicing radiologists." -- Elsevier website
Contents:
CT of the brain
MRI of the brain
CT of the thorax
MRI of the heart
MRI of the pectoral girdle and chest wall
MRI of the shoulder
MR arthrography of the shoulder
MRI of the arm
MRI of the elbow
MRI of the forearm
MRI of the wrist
MRI of the hand
MRI of the cervical spine
MRI of the thoracic spine
MRI of the lumbar spine
CT of the abdomen
MRI of the abdomen
MRI of the hip
MR arthrography of the hip
MRI of the thigh
MRI of the knee
MRI of the leg
MRI of the ankle
MRI of the foot
CT of the male pelvis
CT of the female pelvis
MRI of the male pelvis
MRI of the female pelvis.Digital Access ClinicalKey [2024]