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- ArticleAckley SF, Hayes-Larson E, Brenowitz WD, Swinnerton K, Mungas D, Fletcher E, Singh B, Whitmer RA, DeCarli C, Maria Glymour M.Neuroimage Clin. 2021;31:102713.BACKGROUND: Amyloid β (Aβ) is thought to initiate a cascade of pathology culminating in Alzheimer's disease-related cognitive decline. Aβ accumulation in brain tissues may begin one to two decades prior to clinical diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease. Prior studies have demonstrated that Aβ detected in vivo with positron emission tomography with amyloid ligands (amyloid-PET) predicts contemporaneously measured cognition and future cognitive trajectories. Prior studies have not evaluated the added value of Aβ measures in predicting future cognition when repeated past cognitive measures are available. We evaluated the extent to which amyloid-PET improves prediction of future cognitive changes over and above predictions based only on sociodemographics and past cognitive measures.
METHODS: We used data from participants in the University of California Davis Alzheimer's Disease Research cohort who were cognitively normal at baseline, participated in amyloid-PET imaging, and completed at least three cognitive assessments prior to amyloid-PET imaging (N = 132 for memory andN = 135 for executive function). We used sociodemographic and cognitive measures taken prior to amyloid-PET imaging to predict cognitive trajectory after amyloid-PET imaging and assessed whether measures of amyloid burden improved predictions of subsequent cognitive change. Improvements in prediction were characterized as percent reduction in the mean squared error (MSE) in predicted cognition post amyloid-PET and increase in percent variance explained.
RESULTS: The base model using only sociodemographics and past cognitive performance explained the majority of variance in both predicted memory measures (55.6%) and executive function measures (74.5%) following amyloid-PET. Adding amyloid positivity to the model reduced the MSE for memory by 0.2%, 95% CI: (0%, 2.6%), p = 0.48 and for executive function by 3.4%, 95% CI: (0.6%, 10.2%), p = 0.002. This corresponded to an increase in the percent variance explained of 0.1%, 95% CI: (0%, 1.2%) for memory and 0.9%, 95% CI: (0.1%, 2.8%) for executive function. Similar results were obtained using a continuous measure of amyloid burden.
CONCLUSION: In this cohort, the addition of amyloid burden slightly improved predictions of executive function compared to models based only on past cognitive assessments and sociodemographics. When repeated cognitive assessments are available, the additional utility of amyloid-PET in predicting future cognitive impairment may be limited. - ArticleZeng Z, You M, Rong R, Fan C, Chen M, Li H, Ji D, Xia X.Redox Biol. 2023 07;63:102713.Glaucoma is the leading cause of blindness worldwide. However, our insufficient understanding of the pathogenesis of glaucoma has limited the development of effective treatments. Because recent research has highlighted the importance of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) in various diseases, we investigated their roles in glaucoma. Specifically, we detected expression changes of ncRNAs in cell and animal models of acute glaucoma. Further analysis revealed that the Ier2/miR-1839/TSPO axis was critical to cell loss and retinal damage. The knockdown of Ier2, the overexpression of miR-1839, and the silencing of TSPO effectively prevented retinal damage and cell loss. Furthermore, we found that the Ier2/miR-1839/TSPO axis regulated the pyroptosis and apoptosis of retinal neurons through the NLRP3/caspase1/GSDMD, cleaved-caspase3 pathways. In addition to high expression in the retina, TSPO expression was found to be significantly higher in the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus (DLG) of the brain in the pathologically high intraocular pressure (ph-IOP) rat model, as well as in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of glaucoma patients with high IOP. These results indicate that TSPO, which is regulated by Ier2/miR-1839, plays an important role in the pathogenesis of glaucoma, and this study provides a theoretical basis and a new target for the diagnosis and treatment of glaucoma.
- ArticleAcuna-Gonzalez A, Kujawska M, Youssif M, Atkinson T, Grundy S, Hutchison A, Tremlett C, Clarke P, Hall LJ.Anaerobe. 2023 Apr;80:102713.Prophylactic administration of oral probiotics is associated with significant reductions in the morbidity and mortality of necrotising enterocolitis in preterm infants. We document the first case of Bifidobacterium longum subsp. infantis sub-clinical bacteraemia, in an extremely low birth weight preterm infant, since introduction of routine probiotic treatment at the Norfolk and Norwich University Hospital 10 years ago. Whole genome comparisons confirmed the isolated strain likely originated from the probiotic product.
- ArticleToma AA, Hallager DW, Bech RD, Carreon LY, Andersen MØ, Udby PM.Brain Spine. 2023;3:102713.Introduction: Instrumented lumbar fusion by either the anterior or transforaminal approach has different advantages and disadvantages. Few studies have compared PatientReported Outcomes Measures (PROMs) between stand-alone anterior lumbar interbody fusion (SA-ALIF) and transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (TLIF).
Research question: This is a register-based dual-center study on patients with severe disc degeneration (DD) and low back pain (LBP) undergoing single-level SA-ALIF or TLIF. Comparing PROMs, including disability, quality of life, back- and leg-pain and patient satisfaction two years after SA-ALIF or TLIF, respectively.
Material and methods: Data were collected preoperatively and at one and two-year follow-up. The primary outcome was Oswestry Disability Index (ODI). The secondary outcomes were patient satisfaction, walking ability, visual analog scale (VAS) scores for back and leg pain, and quality of life (QoL) measured by the European Quality of Life-5 Dimensions (EQ-5D) index score. To reduce baseline differences between groups, propensity-score matching was employed in a 1:1 fashion.
Results: 92 patients were matched, 46 S A-ALIF and 46 TLIF. They were comparable preoperatively, with no significant difference in demographic data or PROMs (P > 0.10). Both groups obtained statistically significant improvement in the ODI, QoL and VAS-score (P < 0.01), but no significant difference was observed (P = 0.14). No statistically significant differences in EQ-5D index scores (P = 0.25), VAS score for leg pain (P = 0.88) and back pain (P = 0.37) at two years follow-up.
Conclusion: Significant improvements in ODI, VAS-scores for back and leg pain, and EQ-5D index score were registered after two-year follow-up with both SA-ALIF and TLIF. No significant differences in improvement. - ArticleFu Y, Madsen SD, Shaheed CA, de Zoete A, Chiarotto A, Koes B.MethodsX. 2024 Jun;12:102713.A Cochrane review found that non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are slightly more effective than placebo on acute and subacute low back pain (LBP) outcomes (pain intensity, disability, and global improvement). Our objectives are: (1) to assess the overall treatment effect of NSAIDs in adults with acute and subacute LBP; (2) to identify the moderation of baseline patients' characteristics on treatment effect. We will conduct a systematic search of RCTs on effectiveness of NSAIDs compared with placebo in adults with non-chronic LBP in Medline ALL, Embase, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials*. We will screen the records after January 2020, and include eligible RCTs before January 2020 screened by the Cochrane review mentioned above. Our primary outcomes are pain intensity, disability, and health-related quality of life, secondary outcomes are adverse events. Our IPD dataset will consist of the information on each eligible trial characteristics and included variables according to a predefined coding scheme. We will assess risk-of-bias of included RCTs with the Cochrane Risk Of Bias (RoB)-2 assessment tool. We will perform power calculations with closed-form solutions and prioritize a one-stage approach for IPD-MA. For reporting the results, we will adhere to the PRISMA-IPD statement.
- ArticleMuche AA, Olayemi OO, Gete YK.Midwifery. 2020 Aug;87:102713.BACKGROUND: Gestational diabetes mellitus is a rising global public health problem that can have short- and long-term sequelae for both mother and offspring. However, there are limited evidences on the effect of gestational diabetes mellitus on adverse neonatal outcomes using the updated international diagnostic criteria on adverse effects on neonatal outcomes. Therefore, this study was aimed to examine the effects of gestational diabetes mellitus on the risk of adverse neonatal outcomes in Ethiopia.
METHODS: A prospective cohort study was conducted among pregnant women recruited from antenatal clinics and followed through pregnancy to delivery. Gestational diabetes mellitus was diagnosed using a two-hour 75g oral glucose tolerance test strategy with recent criteria. Multivariable log-binomial model was used to identify the effects of gestational diabetes mellitus on the risk of adverse neonatal outcomes which includes macrosomia, low birth weight, large for gestational age, small for gestational age, preterm birth, low Apgar score at the first minute, low Apgar score at fifth minute, and composite adverse neonatal outcome.
RESULTS: Among pregnant women (n=1027) included in the follow up data on neonatal outcomes were available for 684 (118 newborns of mothers with gestational diabetes mellitus and 566 newborns of women without gestational diabetes mellitus). There was a statistical baseline difference between the two groups by maternal age, dietary diversity status, level of physical activity, and antenatal depression. The incidence of composite adverse neonatal outcome was significantly higher (P<0.001) among newborns from mothers with gestational diabetes mellitus (51.7%) than among newborns from mothers without gestational diabetes mellitus (25.8%). Significantly higher risk of developing adverse neonatal outcomes among newborns from gestational diabetes mellitus mothers was observed for composite adverse neonatal outcome (Adjust Relative Risk (ARR)=1.72; 95% CI: 1.35, 2.19), macrosomia (ARR= 3.81; 95% CI: 1.95, 7.45), large for gestational age (ARR= 2.38; 95% CI: 1.41, 4.03), preterm birth (ARR= 2.03; 95% CI: 1.17, 3.53), low Apgar score at the first minute (ARR= 1.71; 95% CI: 1.02, 2.86), and fifth minute (ARR= 2.14; 95% CI: 1.05, 4.36). However, no significant differences in the risk of low birth weight and small for gestational age by gestational diabetes mellitus status.
CONCLUSIONS: Gestational diabetes mellitus increases the risk of adverse neonatal outcomes particularly macrosomia, large for gestational age, preterm birth, and poor Apgar score. Hence, the role of preventing gestational diabetes mellitus is quite crucial to improve neonatal outcomes. - ArticleRolheiser L, Zacher M, Subramanian SV, Arcaya MC.Health Place. 2022 01;73:102713.Across the United States, residents of lower income neighborhoods evince poorer health, on average, than residents of more affluent areas. Studies aiming to explain this pattern have focused largely on the effects of neighborhood characteristics on residents' health, often overlooking the possibility that the reverse causal process-that a person's health impacts where they live, or "health selection into neighborhoods"-also plays a role. We investigated processes of health selection using the Panel Study of Income Dynamics, a longitudinal survey of U.S. households. Using ordinary least squares linear regression, we estimated the effect of householders' self-rated health on their neighborhood socioeconomic status (SES, the Census tract-level family poverty rate) in 2013, adjusting for neighborhood SES and health in 2001 as well as sociodemographic characteristics and residential mobility. Poorer health was associated with residence in higher poverty neighborhoods overall. Stratified models indicated that while health selection was observed across both race/ethnicity and class boundaries, the relationship between poor health and neighborhood poverty was stronger among non-Hispanic Black respondents, those with low income, and respondents who either moved moderate distances or did not move at all during the study period. We conclude with a call for future work exploring the mechanisms leading those in worse health to reside in higher poverty neighborhoods, and for public health policies that seek not only to improve health supporting conditions in economically disadvantaged neighborhoods, but that also support the economic and social needs of residents struggling with health problems.
- ArticleAkula KP, Talamini S.Urol Case Rep. 2024 May;54:102713.Preoperative cystoscopy is imperative in anticipation of a bladder outlet procedure. This case highlights a now catheter dependent middle aged gentleman who was referred for treatment of urinary retention. He was found to have a prolapsing ureterocele causing obstruction. This was managed with a transurethral ureterocelectomy utilizing the Moses laser which resulted in a precise and bloodless resection. He is now voiding with out issue.
- ArticleHemed-Shaked M, Cowman MK, Kim JR, Huang X, Chau E, Ovadia H, Amar KO, Eshkar-Sebban L, Melamed M, Lev LB, Kedar E, Armengol J, Alemany J, Beyth S, Okon E, Kanduc D, Elgavish S, Wallach-Dayan SB, Cohen SJ, Naor D.J Autoimmun. 2021 11;124:102713.Despite the existence of potent anti-inflammatory biological drugs e.g., anti-TNF and anti IL-6 receptor antibodies, for treating chronic inflammatory and autoimmune diseases, these are costly and not specific. Cheaper oral available drugs remain an unmet need. Expression of the acute phase protein Serum Amyloid A (SAA) is dependent on release of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1, IL-6 and TNF-α during inflammation. Conversely, SAA induces pro-inflammatory cytokine secretion, including Th17, leading to a pathogenic vicious cycle and chronic inflammation. 5- MER peptide (5-MP) MTADV (methionine-threonine-alanine-aspartic acid-valine), also called Amilo-5MER, was originally derived from a sequence of a pro-inflammatory CD44 variant isolated from synovial fluid of a Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) patient. This human peptide displays an efficient anti-inflammatory effects to ameliorate pathology and clinical symptoms in mouse models of RA, Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) and Multiple Sclerosis (MS). Bioinformatics and qRT-PCR revealed that 5-MP, administrated to encephalomyelytic mice, up-regulates genes contributing to chronic inflammation resistance. Mass spectrometry of proteins that were pulled down from an RA synovial cell extract with biotinylated 5-MP, showed that it binds SAA. 5-MP disrupted SAA assembly, which is correlated with its pro-inflammatory activity. The peptide MTADV (but not scrambled TMVAD) significantly inhibited the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-6 and IL-1β from SAA-activated human fibroblasts, THP-1 monocytes and peripheral blood mononuclear cells. 5-MP suppresses the pro-inflammatory IL-6 release from SAA-activated cells, but not from non-activated cells. 5-MP could not display therapeutic activity in rats, which are SAA deficient, but does inhibit inflammations in animal models of IBD and MS, both are SAA-dependent, as shown by others in SAA knockout mice. In conclusion, 5-MP suppresses chronic inflammation in animal models of RA, IBD and MS, which are SAA-dependent, but not in animal models, which are SAA-independent.
- ArticleWhisman MA, Collazos T.J Anxiety Disord. 2023 05;96:102713.Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) is a common psychiatric disorder that is associated with high levels of distress and impairment. The present study was conducted to examine the 10-year longitudinal associations between marital dissolution, three measures of marital quality, and GAD among married participants from the Midlife in the United States (MIDUS) survey, a probability sample of American adults aged 24-74 years. Results indicated that GAD at baseline was significantly and positively associated with incidence of marital dissolution during the 10-year follow-up and marital strain (i.e., negative partner interaction) at baseline was significantly and positively associated with incidence of GAD at the 10-year follow-up. These associations remained statistically significant after adjusting for demographic characteristics and neuroticism. In comparison, marital satisfaction and marital support (i.e., positive partner interaction) at baseline were not significantly associated with incidence of GAD, GAD at baseline was not significantly associated with any of the three measures of marital quality at follow-up, and marital dissolution during follow-up was not significantly associated with incidence of GAD. These findings suggest that negative interactions with one's partner may be a risk factor for GAD and that improving marital functioning may be important for the prevention and treatment of GAD.
- ArticleLei LY, Chew DS, Raj SR.Auton Neurosci. 2020 11;228:102713.Orthostatic hypotension (OH) is a common clinical manifestation characterized by a significant fall in blood pressure with postural change and is frequently accompanied by debilitating symptoms of orthostatic intolerance. The reported prevalence of OH ranges between 5 and 10% in middle-aged adults with a burden that increases concomitantly with age; in those over 60 years of age, the prevalence is estimated to be over 20%. Unfortunately, the clinical course of OH is not necessarily benign. OH patients are at an increased risk of adverse clinical outcomes including death, falls, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events, syncope, and impaired quality of life. The differential diagnosis of OH is broad and includes acute precipitants as well as chronic underlying medical conditions, especially of neurological origin. Appropriate diagnosis relies on a systematic history and physical examination with particular attention to orthostatic vital signs, keeping in mind that ambient conditions during diagnostic testing may affect OH detection due to factors such as diurnal variation.
- ArticleRodriguez Lucci F, Schattner M.EBioMedicine. 2020 Apr;54:102713.
- ArticleGilmozzi V, Gentile G, Riekschnitz DA, Volpato CB, Di Segni M, Silipigni R, Pramstaller PP, Hicks AA, Pichler I, Zanon A.Stem Cell Res. 2022 04;60:102713.The SNCA gene encodes the presynaptic α-synuclein (aSyn) protein, and its mutations are associated with autosomal dominant Parkinson's disease (PD). We describe the generation of an induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) line of a patient carrying a pathogenic Ala53Thr missense mutation in the SNCA gene. Human dermal fibroblasts were reprogrammed using a non-integrating episomal method. The generated iPSC line (EURACi014-A; iPS-1.1) shows expression of pluripotency markers, the potential to differentiate into all three germ layers, and a stable karyotype. Hence, this line represents a valuable resource for the study and modeling of the processes directly controlled by aSyn.
- ArticleJaison Varghese J, Aithal VU, Sharan K, Maiya AG, Rajashekhar B.Prev Med Rep. 2024 May;41:102713.Purpose: Head and neck cancer (HNC) patients often face difficulties with swallowing, which can be due to the cancer itself or the treatment modalities like radiation therapy. The presentation of HNC can vary between developing and developed countries due to socioeconomic factors. The current study aimed to profile the swallowing function of HNC patients before starting radiation therapy in a tertiary hospital in India.
Method: This cross-sectional observational study examined patients with HNC who were scheduled for radiation therapy. The Functional Oral Intake Scale (FOIS) and Karnofsky Performance Status Scale were used to assess the patients' swallowing status and functional abilities, respectively. The study also evaluated the relationship between swallowing function and clinical-demographic factors.
Results: Our assessment of 162 HNC patients found that the cancer site significantly affects swallowing. Although 92% of patients had an oral diet, 64% made dietary modifications. Patients with non-oral intake had either oral or pharyngeal cancer, and over 80% of oral cancer patients and 60% of those with pharyngeal cancer had already made changes to their diet. Patients with laryngeal cancer had a better oral intake, with 58% reporting no swallowing issues.
Conclusion: Patients with HNC scheduled for radiation therapy may experience varying degrees of swallowing difficulty. Early intervention and teaching of safe swallowing strategies are crucial to prepare for the potential worsening of swallowing difficulties resulting from the treatment. Advanced tumor stages and oral/pharyngeal cancers increase the risk of significant swallowing issues. - ArticleAltaf R, Hussain U.Asian J Psychiatr. 2021 08;62:102713.
- ArticleRants'o TA, Koekemoer LL, van Zyl RL.Parasitol Int. 2023 Apr;93:102713.Anopheles gambiae, An. coluzzii, An. arabiensis, and An. funestus are major vectors in high malaria endemic African regions. Various terpenoid classes form the main chemical constituent repository of essential oils, many of which have been shown to possess insecticidal effects against Anopheles species. The current study aimed to assess the bioactivity of terpenoids including four sesquiterpene alcohols, farnesol, (-)-α-bisabolol, cis-nerolidol, and trans-nerolidol; a phenylpropanoid, methyleugenol, and a monoterpene, (R)-(+)-limonene, using the larvicidal screening assay against the four Anopheles species. The mechanism of action was investigated through in vitro acetylcholinesterase inhibition assay and in silico molecular modelling. All six terpenoids showed potent larvicidal activity against the four Anopheles species. Insights into the mechanism of action revealed that the six terpenoids are strong AChE inhibitors against An. funestus and An. arabiensis, while there was a moderate inhibitory activity against An. gambiae AChE, but very weak activity against An. coluzzii. Interestingly, in the in silico study, farnesol established a favourable hydrogen bonding interaction with a conserved amino acid residue, Cys447, at the entrance to the active site gorge. While (-)-α-bisabolol and methyleugenol displayed a strong interaction with the catalytic Ser360 and adjacent amino acid residues; but sparing the mutable Gly280 residue that confers resistance to the current anticholinesterase insecticides. As a result, this study identified farnesol, (-)-α-bisabolol, and methyleugenol as selective bioinsecticidal agents with potent Anopheles AChE inhibition. These terpenoids present as natural compounds for further development as anticholinesterase bioinsecticides.
- ArticleGordon S, Kind O, Singh G, Wood A, Gallina A.Musculoskelet Sci Pract. 2023 02;63:102713.BACKGROUND: Trunk kinematics during sit-to-stand is often impaired in individuals with musculoskeletal disorders. Trunk kinematics is commonly assessed in laboratories using motion capture; however, this equipment is often not available outside research centers. Smartphones are widely available and may be a suitable alternative to assess trunk orientation during sit-to-stand remotely.
OBJECTIVES: We investigated whether trunk orientation in the sagittal plane during sit-to-stand can be measured reliably between days when collected remotely using smartphones.
DESIGN: Cross-sectional study.
METHOD: Forty-three asymptomatic participants performed 15 sit-to-stand movements in two separate sessions remotely over videoconferencing. Trunk orientation was measured using each participant's smartphone. Absolute peak trunk orientation in the sagittal plane was extracted during standing, sitting, stand up and sit down. Relative trunk orientation was calculated as the difference between sitting and stand up, or sitting and sit down. Reliability was assessed using Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC2,k), Standard Error of Measurement (SEM) and Minimal Detectable change (MDC). Between day bias and between-gender differences were assessed using T tests.
RESULTS: All measures showed good reliability (ICC2,k > 0.80; SEM < 5.6°; MDC < 13.6°) and no between-day bias (p > 0.31). Relative measures were more consistent (ICC2,k > 0.88; SEM < 3.6°; MDC < 9.9°). No between-gender differences were observed for relative orientation (p > 0.75).
CONCLUSIONS: Sagittal trunk orientation during sitting, standing, and sit-to-stand can be measured reliably when asymptomatic individuals use their own smartphones supervised over videoconferencing. These findings support the use of smartphone sensors for assessing how trunk orientation changes over time, which may assist physiotherapists assess movement patterns of individuals with musculoskeletal disorders remotely. - ArticleZhu R, Onur I.J Health Econ. 2023 01;87:102713.This paper analyzes the impact of retirement on informal care provision using nationally representative panel data from Australia. To establish causality, we exploit the gender and cohort specific eligibility age for the Australian Age Pension. We find no evidence of an impact of retirement (status or duration) on co-residential or extra-residential unpaid care provided by older individuals. The null effect of retirement on informal caregiving does not differ by the type of care recipient. Furthermore, we demonstrate that older people who postpone retirement reduce the amount of time they spend on other non-market activities to resolve the time conflict between unpaid care and extended employment. Our analysis indicates that the Australian Age Pension reform aimed at working career prolongation has not crowded out the supply of informal care.
- ArticleMoss A, Robbins S, Achanta S, Kuttippurathu L, Turick S, Nieves S, Hanna P, Smith EH, Hoover DB, Chen J, Cheng ZJ, Ardell JL, Shivkumar K, Schwaber JS, Vadigepalli R.iScience. 2021 Jul 23;24(7):102713.We developed a spatially-tracked single neuron transcriptomics map of an intrinsic cardiac ganglion, the right atrial ganglionic plexus (RAGP) that is a critical mediator of sinoatrial node (SAN) activity. This 3D representation of RAGP used neuronal tracing to extensively map the spatial distribution of the subset of neurons that project to the SAN. RNA-seq of laser capture microdissected neurons revealed a distinct composition of RAGP neurons compared to the central nervous system and a surprising finding that cholinergic and catecholaminergic markers are coexpressed, suggesting multipotential phenotypes that can drive neuroplasticity within RAGP. High-throughput qPCR of hundreds of laser capture microdissected single neurons confirmed these findings and revealed a high dimensionality of neuromodulatory factors that contribute to dynamic control of the heart. Neuropeptide-receptor coexpression analysis revealed a combinatorial paracrine neuromodulatory network within RAGP informing follow-on studies on the vagal control of RAGP to regulate cardiac function in health and disease.
- ArticleRubio-Rivas M, Homs NA, Cuartero D, Corbella X.Autoimmun Rev. 2021 Jan;20(1):102713.The present study aimed to assess the prevalence and incidence rate of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) in Systemic Sclerosis (SSc). The review was undertaken using MEDLINE and SCOPUS from June 1962 to May 2019 and the terms: ("Scleroderma, Systemic"[MesH]) AND "Hypertension, Pulmonary"[MesH]. The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) was used for the qualifying assessment. The inverse variance-weighted method was performed. Twenty-four studies were included in the global PAH prevalence study. They comprised data from 9804 SSc patients. The overall PAH prevalence found was 6.4% (95%CI 5%-8.3%). Fourteen studies were included in the PAH prevalence study for lcSSc. They comprised data from 4987 lcSSc patients. The PAH prevalence found in lcSSc was 7.7% (95%CI 5.3%-11.1%). Twelve studies were included in the PAH prevalence study for dcSSc. They comprised data from 1790 dcSSc patients. The PAH prevalence found in dcSSc was 6.3% (95%CI 4.5%-8.9%). Fifteen studies showed PAH incidence of an entire SSc cohort. They comprised data from 5926 SSc patients. The overall PAH incidence found was 18.2 cases per 1000 person-years (95%CI 12-27.4). Eight studies showed PAH incidence for lcSSc. They comprised data from 2721 patients. The overall PAH incidence found in lcSSc was 20.4 cases per 1000 person-years (95%CI 10.1-41.1). Seven studies showed PAH incidence for dcSSc. They comprised data from 942 dcSSc patients. The overall PAH incidence found in dcSSc was 16.6 cases per 1000 person-years (95%CI 8.5-32.1). CONCLUSION: The overall PAH prevalence found was 6.4% (95%CI 5%-8.3%) and the overall PAH incidence 18.2 cases per 1000 person-years (95%CI 12-27.4).