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  Molecular characterization of larval peripheral thermosensory responses of the malaria vector mosquito Anopheles gambiae.

  Liu C, Zwiebel LJ.

  PLoS One. 2013;8(8):e72595.

  Thermosensation provides vital inputs for the malaria vector mosquito, Anopheles gambiae which utilizes heat-sensitivity within a broad spectrum of behaviors, most notably, the localization of human hosts for blood feeding. In this study, we examine thermosensory behaviors in larval-stage An. gambiae, which as a result of their obligate aquatic habitats and importance for vectorial capacity, represents an opportunistic target for vector control as part of the global campaign to eliminate malaria. As is the case for adults, immature mosquitoes respond differentially to a diverse array of external heat stimuli. In addition, larvae exhibit a striking phenotypic plasticity in thermal-driven behaviors that are established by temperature at which embryonic development occurs. Within this spectrum, RNAi-directed gene-silencing studies provide evidence for the essential role of the Transient Receptor Potential sub-family A1 (TRPA1) channel in mediating larval thermal-induced locomotion and thermal preference within a discrete upper range of ambient temperatures.

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  Adult CCRN® certification practice Q & A

  Contents:
  Introduction : certification examination and tips for preparation
  Part I. Practice questions and answers with rationales. Cardiovascular questions ; Respiratory questions ; Endocrine, hematologic, gastrointestinal, renal, and integumentary questions ; Musculoskeletal, neurological, and psychosocial questions ; Multisystem questions ; Professional caring and ethical practice questions
  Part II. Practice test and answers with rationales. Practice test ; Answers with rationales.

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