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  • Article
    Dong Q, Zhang X, Luo G.
    IEEE Access. 2022;10:63754-63781.
    For many machine learning tasks, deep learning greatly outperforms all other existing learning algorithms. However, constructing a deep learning model on a big data set often takes days or months. During this long process, it is preferable to provide a progress indicator that keeps predicting the model construction time left and the percentage of model construction work done. Recently, we developed the first method to do this that permits early stopping. That method revises its predicted model construction cost using information gathered at the validation points, where the model's error rate is computed on the validation set. Due to the sparsity of validation points, the resulting progress indicators often have a long delay in gathering information from enough validation points and obtaining relatively accurate progress estimates. In this paper, we propose a new progress indication method to overcome this shortcoming by judiciously inserting extra validation points between the original validation points. We implemented this new method in TensorFlow. Our experiments show that compared with using our prior method, using this new method reduces the progress indicator's prediction error of the model construction time left by 57.5% on average. Also, with a low overhead, this new method enables us to obtain relatively accurate progress estimates faster.
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  • Article
    Minneci F, Piovesan D, Cozzetto D, Jones DT.
    PLoS One. 2013;8(5):e63754.
    To understand fully cell behaviour, biologists are making progress towards cataloguing the functional elements in the human genome and characterising their roles across a variety of tissues and conditions. Yet, functional information - either experimentally validated or computationally inferred by similarity - remains completely missing for approximately 30% of human proteins. FFPred was initially developed to bridge this gap by targeting sequences with distant or no homologues of known function and by exploiting clear patterns of intrinsic disorder associated with particular molecular activities and biological processes. Here, we present an updated and improved version, which builds on larger datasets of protein sequences and annotations, and uses updated component feature predictors as well as revised training procedures. FFPred 2.0 includes support vector regression models for the prediction of 442 Gene Ontology (GO) terms, which largely expand the coverage of the ontology and of the biological process category in particular. The GO term list mainly revolves around macromolecular interactions and their role in regulatory, signalling, developmental and metabolic processes. Benchmarking experiments on newly annotated proteins show that FFPred 2.0 provides more accurate functional assignments than its predecessor and the ProtFun server do; also, its assignments can complement information obtained using BLAST-based transfer of annotations, improving especially prediction in the biological process category. Furthermore, FFPred 2.0 can be used to annotate proteins belonging to several eukaryotic organisms with a limited decrease in prediction quality. We illustrate all these points through the use of both precision-recall plots and of the COGIC scores, which we recently proposed as an alternative numerical evaluation measure of function prediction accuracy.
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  • Article
    Barago N, Mastroianni C, Pavoni E, Floreani F, Parisi F, Lenaz D, Covelli S.
    Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2023 May;30(23):63754-63775.
    The decommissioned fahlore Cu-Sb(-Ag) mine at Mt. Avanza (Carnic Alps, Italy) is a rare example of exploited ore deposits, as the tetrahedrite (Cu6[Cu4(Fe,Zn)2]Sb4S13) is the main ore mineral found. This multi-compartmental geochemical characterisation approach provides one of the first case studies regarding the geochemical behaviour and fate of Hg, Sb, As, Cu, and other elements in solid and water matrices and of Hg in the atmosphere in an environment affected by the mining activity of a fahlore ore deposit. Elevated concentrations of the elements (Cu, Sb, As, Pb, Zn, Hg) associated with both (Zn-Hg)-tetrahedrite and to other minor ore minerals in mine wastes, soils, and stream sediments were observed. Concentrations in waters and stream sediments greatly decreased with increasing distance from the mining area and the Igeo index values testify the highest levels of sediment contamination inside the mine area. Thallium and Ge were associated with the "lithogenic component" and not to sulfosalt/sulphide minerals. Although mine drainage water often slightly exceeded the national regulatory limits for Sb and As, with Sb being more mobile than As, the relatively low dissolved concentrations indicate a moderate stability of the tetrahedrite. The fate of Hg at the investigated fahlore mining district appeared similar to cinnabar mining sites around the world. Weak solubility but the potential evasion of gaseous elemental mercury (GEM) into the atmosphere also appear to be characteristics of Hg in fahlore ores. Although GEM concentrations are such that they do not present a pressing concern, real-time field surveys allowed for the easy identification of Hg sources, proving to be an effective, suitable high-resolution indirect approach for optimising soil sampling surveys and detecting mine wastes and mine adits.
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  • Book
    Leiyu Shi.
    Summary: Understanding the fundamentals of health policy enables healthcare leaders to help improve it. In Introduction to Health Policy, Dr. Leiyu Shi provides an accessible overview of how health policy is created and analyzed. As a prominent authority in the field, he provides insight into domestic and international policy issues related to healthcare financing, delivery, and diverse populations. Each chapter includes real-world cases from various settings, additional feature content that provides context, key points of clarification, and discussion questions. The chapters on healthcare research delve into numerous examples of commonly used quantitative and qualitative methods. This revised third edition contains a new case in each chapter, as well as new and updated coverage of: The Affordable Care Act and President Biden's healthcare reforms; The Healthy People 2030 initiative; Health equity and racial justice; Global health policies and development This primer prepares future leaders to address health policy issues that will affect the patients in their organizations while also contributing to the creation of a better healthcare system overall -- publisher's description.

    Contents:
    Preface
    Part I. Introduction
    Chapter 1. Overview of health policy
    Part II. Health policymaking
    Chapter 2. Federal health policymaking
    Chapter 3. Health policymaking at the state and local levels and in the private sector
    Chapter 4. International health policymaking
    Part III. Health policy issues
    Chapter 5. Health policy related to financing and delivery
    -- Chapter 6. Health policy for diverse populations
    Chapter 7. International health policy issues
    Part IV. Health policy research
    Chapter 8. Overview of health policy research
    Chapter 9. Health policy research methods
    Chapter 10. An example of health policy research
    Glossary
    Index-- About the author.
    Digital Access R2Library [2023], ©2023