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- ArticleWu D, Zhang R, Zhao R, Chen G, Cai Y, Jin J.PLoS One. 2013;8(5):e62014.Hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF1α) is an important cellular survival protein under hypoxic conditions, regulating the cellular response to low oxygen tension via recruitment of a transcriptional co-activator, p300/CBP. p300/CBP induces expression of multiple genes involved in cell survival, proliferation, angiogenesis, and tumor development. Thus, a strategy to inhibit hypoxic responses in tumors may be to target the protein-protein interaction between HIF1α and p300/CBP. Here, we document, for the first time, that the aminocoumarin antibiotic, novobiocin, directly blocks the protein-protein interaction between the HIF1α C-terminal activation domain (CTAD) and the cysteine-histidine rich (CH1) region of p300/CBP. Also, novobiocin down-regulated HIF1α-controlled gene expression, specifically CA9, which is related to tumorigenesis. In a monolayer cell culture, novobiocin inhibited cell proliferation and colony formation in the MCF-7 human breast adenocarcinoma cell line and the A549 human lung cancer cell line. Rescue experiments revealed that the recombinant CTAD fragment of HIF1α partially reversed novobiocin's inhibitory effects on cell proliferation and colony formation in MCF-7 cells. These findings suggest a novel mechanism of action for novobiocin which has the potential for innovative therapeutic use in tumor treatment.
- ArticleLi W, Wang Y, Xie S, Cheng X.Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2023 May;30(22):62000-62014.A deeper understanding of the regional differences and driving factors behind ecosystem health (EH) is of vital for ecosystem management and restoration. Although a considerable number of studies have focused on this topic, few studies have explored the spatial relationship and scale effect between urban forms and EH from the perspective of urban scale, agglomeration and irregularity. Therefore, this study first constructed an improved evaluation framework by integrating vigor, organization, resilience and ecosystem services supply-demand ratio to measure the EH level in China at the county scale during 1995-2015, and then evaluated and compared the spatial relationships between five urban form metrics and EH based on the spatial regression model at the national, regional, urban agglomeration and city scales. The results showed that the level of EH in China spatially decreased from the southeast to the northwest, and displaying significant spatial agglomeration. At the national scale, the fragmentation and complexity of urban form exerted the greater negative influence on EH than urban expansion scale. At the regional scale, controlling urban expansion scale and enhancing landscape connectivity were conducive to the improving of EH in the central and eastern regions. At the urban agglomeration scale, the regularity and compactness of urban form played a key role in the sustainable development of regional and national urban agglomerations. At the city scale, large cities can improve environmental quality by limiting the size of core patches and reducing the complexity of urban shape. This paper can provide a scientific guidance for ecosystem protection and urban high-quality development.
- ArticleMalik S, Kaur K, Prasad S, Jha NK, Kumar V.Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2022 Sep;29(41):62014-62029.Mutagens present in the environment manifest toxic effects and are considered as serious threat for human health and healthcare. Recent reports reveal that medicinal plant resources are being explored for identifying potent antimutagenic as well as cancer preventing agents. There is mounting evidence that cancer and other mutation-related diseases can be prevented with the use of medicinal pant resources including crude extracts, active fractions, phytochemicals, and pure phytomolecules. These medicinal plant resources possessing antimutagenic potentials have been shown to target molecular mechanisms underlying the mutagenic impacts. Technological advents and high-throughput screening/activity methods have revolutionized this field, though several potent plants and their active principles have been reported as effective antimutagens. The translational success rate needs to be improved, but the trends are encouraging. In this review, we present the current understandings and updates on various mutagens in the environment, toxicities related/attributed to them, the resultant mutations (and cancer), and how medicinal plants come to the rescue. A perspective review has been presented on whether and how medicinal plant resources can be an effective approach for addressing mutagens in the environment. An account of medicinal plant resources used as antimutagenic agents has been given along with the underlying mechanism of action and their therapeutic potential in various models of cancer. Recent success stories, current challenges, and future prospects are discussed.
- ArticleMartins CF, Serras I, Santos AV, Costa Braga A.BMJ Case Rep. 2014 Nov 06;2014
- ArticleChaudhary R, Singh K, Jain A, Biswas R.BMJ Case Rep. 2014 Nov 06;2014
- ArticleIabichella ML, Caruso C, Lugli M.BMJ Case Rep. 2014 Nov 06;2014The successful use of an extract of Hypericum flowers (Hypericum perforatum) and nimh oil (Azadirachta indica; Hyperoil) in foot wounds with exposed bone in a patient with bilateral advanced diabetic ulcers, has been reported previously. It was hypothesised that this amelioration was linked with the improved glycaemic control and peripheral microvascular circulation. In this case report, the surprisingly successful outcome of another patient using Hyperoil for infection damaged diabetic foot, without prior use of surgical procedure, is described. The patient had no macrovascular pattern impairment. Diabetic foot healing paralleled with controlled local infection and enhanced glycaemic control. The outcome of this patient suggests that the effectiveness of this inexpensive therapy using Hyperoil for diabetic foot is not only linked with the presence of severe microvascular disorder, but also with the appropriate local treatment for ulcer being a must for its recovery.
- ArticleStubbs D, Poulios A, Khalil H.BMJ Case Rep. 2014 Oct 06;2014Haemangiomas are benign fibrovascular tumours relatively that are common in the head and neck, where 60% of them occur Among the various categories of haemangiomas, lobular capillary haemangiomas (LCH) occur frequently on the skin, lips, buccal mucosa, tongue and gingiva. However, they are vanishingly rare in the paranasal sinuses. The imaging features of LCH are non-specific. The histological characteristics of LCH can also make diagnosis difficult as sometimes resemble highly vascular malignant tumours. This leads to the false preoperative diagnosis of suspected malignancy in many cases, which places the patient under unnecessary distress and anxiety. We present a case of LCH appearing as a suspicious nasal lesion of the lateral nasal wall with unilateral nasal obstruction, necrotic centre and epistaxis. The tumour was excised endoscopically in one operation including endoscopic medial maxillectomy. Further education about this lesion is deemed important as preoperative embolisation may be needed for a safe operation.
- ArticleMannu GS, Vaidya A.BMJ Case Rep. 2014 Oct 06;2014
- ArticleChawla A.BMJ Case Rep. 2014 Oct 06;2014Supernumerary kidney is a rare anomaly and most of the times it is incidentally detected. On occasions it may present with symptoms due to stones, tumours and infections. Supernumerary unit if small and dysplastic may easily escape detection. In this case report, supernumerary kidney presented as vesicoureteric reflux in a 4-year-old male child.
- ArticleVining M, Sharma N, Guill M.BMJ Case Rep. 2014 Aug 06;2014Chronic granulomatous disease (CGD) is a rare inherited disorder of neutrophil oxidative burst. In patients with CGD, phagocyte destruction of catalase-producing organisms is impaired, resulting in recurrent and potentially fatal infections. Burkholderia cepacia, a catalase-producing organism, is known to infect patients with dysfunctional immune systems. We report a case of a 3-year-old boy with this rare infection that unravelled the diagnosis of CGD.
- ArticleAgrawal M, Khan TS, Gupta T, Khanna S.BMJ Case Rep. 2014 Aug 06;2014Injury to the permanent central incisors due to trauma in the maxillofacial region, though common, may result in an uncommon sequel. We report a case of traumatic injury in a 5-year-old child with displacement of the tooth bud into the nasal floor. The identification of ectopic tooth buds poses little diagnostic challenge due to the available imaging facilities, however, in the present case the ectopic bud remained unnoticed and resulted in ectopic eruption of the tooth in the nasal cavity 1 year later. This report highlights a rare case of nasal eruption of a permanent tooth and places stress on the need for close attention to detail during maxillofacial trauma for early detection and proper management.
- ArticleBeliaev AM, Civil I.BMJ Case Rep. 2014 Aug 06;2014A 43-year-old woman presented with a 2 h history of left neck pain after striking her neck against a marble bench while playing with her son. The patient was screened for blunt cerebrovascular injury (BCVI) and a left carotid bruit was identified. Subsequently, she underwent multidetector CT angiography (MCTA) of the aortic arch and neck vessels, which demonstrated a flow-limiting dissection of the left common carotid artery (CCA). The patient was started on heparin infusion and underwent an emergency operation. At surgery, a circumferential intimal dissection was excised and the arteriotomy defect closed with an autologous venous patch. This case emphasises the importance of adequately examining patients with direct injury to the neck, screening relevant patients for BCVI and investigating them with MCTA that influences the choice of a treatment option.
- ArticlePadhi S, Mokkappan S, Varghese RG, Veerappan I.BMJ Case Rep. 2014 Aug 06;2014We aim to describe the clinicohaematological profile of an elderly male with plasmablastic multiple myeloma (MM) (IgG λ, International System Stage II) with an unfavourable outcome following chemotherapy. The serum interleukin-6 level was found to be markedly elevated (2464 pg/mL, reference; <50 pg/mL). Thirty-six months prior to MM diagnosis, he underwent left radical nephrectomy for a stage III (pT3N0M0) clear cell renal cell carcinoma (RCC, Fuhrman grade 2). The unique MM-RCC association, shared risk factors, myeloma pathobiology and clinical implications are discussed with a brief literature review.
- ArticleSmith DA, MacDonald S.BMJ Case Rep. 2014 Aug 06;2014This case highlights that hepatitis is a potential side effect of Babchi seeds, an Ayurvedic remedy used to treat vitiligo. The patient, a 52-year-old Indian woman, presented with a 1 week history of jaundice, vomiting, pruritus and abdominal pain. Progressive deterioration in liver function prompted a liver biopsy which was consistent with the diagnosis of a drug-induced hepatitis. The hepatitis resolved after withdrawal of its use. A PubMed search found no previous UK cases and only two cases have been reported globally. This potentially serious side effect of a widely available substance is not acknowledged by manufacturers, and those purchasing the product are unaware of the risk of harm. To compound this risk, there is an absence of dosing advice or maximum recommended daily intake. It is important to ask about topical and oral herbal remedies in cases of acute jaundice as patients rarely perceive these preparations as 'medications'.
- ArticleStitt RS, Greenwood R, Laczek J.BMJ Case Rep. 2014 Aug 06;2014A 42 year-old African-American woman was admitted for severe acute right upper quadrant pain. Her liver function tests showed a cholestatic pattern of hepatitis. She had no known history of liver disease or sarcoidosis. Imaging of her liver and biliary tree did not reveal any apparent cause for her right upper quadrant pain. A liver biopsy was performed which showed granulomatous disease. This prompted a CT chest that showed mediastinal lymphadenopathy. Biopsy of the mediastinal lymphnode revealed non-caseating granulomas. Despite having no pulmonary symptoms or history of pulmonary sarcoidosis, she was diagnosed with systemic pulmonary sarcoidosis. She was treated with corticosteroids and had complete resolution of symptoms over the next several weeks.
- ArticleAlthaf MM, Abdelsalam MS, Rashwan M, Nadri Q.BMJ Case Rep. 2014 Jun 06;2014We present a case where a renal transplant recipient contracted chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection post-transplantation. The disease progressed and deteriorated leading to fibrosing cholestatic hepatitis that mandated treatment. Treatment with pegylated interferon α-2a and ribavirin was successful in salvaging the liver and eradicating the virus but as a consequence lead to treatment-resistant acute rejection and loss of the renal allograft.
- ArticleSanches BF, Nunes P, Almeida H, Rebelo M.BMJ Case Rep. 2014 Jun 06;2014Atrioventricular block can occur in normal children, young adults or athletes. It is also associated with underlying heart disease or occurs as a drug adverse effect. Amphotericin B is used in the treatment of invasive fungal infections. Cardiac toxicity is a rare adverse reaction. We report the case of a 9-month girl, admitted in the paediatric intensive care unit with cytomegalovirus pneumonitis. During hospitalisation the patient developed a systemic fungic infection and was medicated with liposomal amphotericin B. On the third day of treatment she began repeated episodes of bradycardia with spontaneous reversion. The investigation revealed a second-degree atrioventricular block. We excluded the misplacement of the central catheter, myocarditis or structural cardiomyopathy and suspended amphotericin. After 8 days, the bradycardia episodes ceased what was consistent with the drug's half-life. Amphotericin cardiotoxic mechanism is still unclear. It may be related with alteration of myocardial membrane depolarisation.
- ArticlePatell R, Dosi R, Joshi HK, Storz D.BMJ Case Rep. 2014 Jun 06;2014Wilson's disease is a rare metabolic disease involving copper metabolism. Neuroimaging plays an important part in evaluation of patients with a neuropsychiatric presentation. We present a case of a 14-year-old girl with atypical confluent white matter disease and cystic degeneration on MRI, with a rapidly progressive course, who succumbed to complications despite treatment with trientine. Wilson's disease should be considered as a differential for leucoencephalopathy in young patients with progressive neurological disease for its early recognition and optimum outcome.
- ArticleAshraf M, Waris A, Kumar A, Akhtar N.BMJ Case Rep. 2014 Jun 06;2014Phthiriasis palpebrarum is a rare cause of eyelid infestation. We report a case of unilateral phthiriasis palpebrarum. A 28-year-old man presented with moderate itching associated with lacrimation and irritation in the left eye. The initial evaluation of the patient revealed multiple white dots on the left upper eyelashes. Slit-lamp examination revealed multiple nits attached to the base and shaft of the cilia. There was no hyperaemia or discharge present in the conjunctiva and the cornea was clear and shiny. The right eye was perfectly normal. The patient was treated with moxifloxacin eye ointment and was completely cured in 1 week.
- ArticleSharma C, Nath K, Acharya M, Kumawat BL, Khandelwal D, Jain D.BMJ Case Rep. 2014 Jun 06;2014