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  Proteomic profiling in Drosophila reveals potential Dube3a regulation of the actin cytoskeleton and neuronal homeostasis.

  Jensen L, Farook MF, Reiter LT.

  PLoS One. 2013;8(4):e61952.

  The molecular defects associated with Angelman syndrome (AS) and 15q duplication autism are directly correlated to expression levels of the E3 ubiquitin ligase protein UBE3A. Here we used Drosophila melanogaster to screen for the targets of this ubiquitin ligase under conditions of both decreased (as in AS) or increased (as in dup(15)) levels of the fly Dube3a or human UBE3A proteins. Using liquid phase isoelectric focusing of proteins from whole fly head extracts we identified a total of 50 proteins that show changes in protein, and in some cases transcriptional levels, when Dube3a fluctuates. We analyzed head extracts from cytoplasmic, nuclear and membrane fractions for Dube3a regulated proteins. Our results indicate that Dube3a is involved in the regulation of cellular functions related to ATP synthesis/metabolism, actin cytoskeletal integrity, both catabolism and carbohydrate metabolism as well as nervous system development and function. Sixty-two percent of the proteins were >50% identical to homologous human proteins and 8 have previously be shown to be ubiquitinated in the fly nervous system. Eight proteins may be regulated by Dube3a at the transcript level through the transcriptional co-activation function of Dube3a. We investigated one autism-associated protein, ATPα, and found that it can be ubiquitinated in a Dube3a dependent manner. We also found that Dube3a mutants have significantly less filamentous actin than wild type larvae consistent with the identification of actin targets regulated by Dube3a. The identification of UBE3A targets is the first step in unraveling the molecular etiology of AS and duplication 15q autism.

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• Book

  So you're going to collect a blood specimen : an introduction to phlebotomy. 15th edition

  Frederick L. Kiechle, editor ; Dorothy M. Adcock, Samuel I. McCash, Deborah Sesok-Pizzini, co-editors

  Contents:
  Why is collecting a blood sample important?
  You and your patient
  How do you protect your patient and yourself using standard precautions?
  Sterility
  Disposal of used materials
  What is blood?
  Recommended volume limits for a single blood draw
  How is blood collected?
  Blood collection equipment
  The phlebotomy area
  The test requisition
  Representative blood collection tubes
  Timed specimens
  Approaching the patient
  The venipuncture from an arm vein
  Recommended order of draw for multiple specimen collection
  The difficult venipuncture
  Intravenous fluids and the venipuncture
  Collection of venous blood gases
  Identification and labeling of the blood specimen tube
  The difficult patient
  The missing patient
  The patient has a reaction
  The skin puncture
  Obtaining blood from babies
  The blood smear
  The blood culture
  Collecting blood specimens under special circumstances
  Your safety
  Competency assessment
  Your attitude
  Appendix 1: Drawing blood from existing intravascular devices
  Appendix 2: Intraosseous cannulation used for blood analysis and infusion
  Appendix 3: Aids for visualizing veins under the skin
  Appendix 4: Ultrasound-guided peripheral intravenous cannulation
  Appendix 5: Quality assurance
  Appendix 6: Additional resources.

  Digital Access College of American Pathologists Publications [2017]
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