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  • Article
    Holmlund-Suila E, Koskivirta P, Metso T, Andersson S, Mäkitie O, Viljakainen HT.
    PLoS One. 2013;8(4):e60856.
    INTRODUCTION: Children and adolescents with a chronic illness have potential risk factors for vitamin D deficiency. An optimal vitamin D status might have multiple health effects. This study evaluated vitamin D status and its association with age, gender, and season in a large cohort of chronically ill Finnish patients at a tertiary pediatric outpatient clinic. A cross-sectional register-based study was carried out, involving altogether 1351 children (51% boys, age range 0.2-18 years), who visited the outpatient clinic during 2007-2010 and had their vitamin D status (S-25-OHD) determined. A post-doc analysis was conducted to identify predisposing and preventing factors for vitamin D deficiency.
    RESULTS: Almost half (47%) of the S-25-OHD values were consistent with subnormal vitamin D status (S-25-OHD <50 nmol/L) while only 12% were >80 nmol/L. Age and season were the most important determinants for S-25-OHD concentration. Mean S-25-OHD concentration differed between age groups (Kruskal-Wallis; p<0.001), adolescents being at highest risk for vitamin D insufficiency. Young age and vitamin D supplementation were preventive factors for deficiency, while non-Finnish ethnic background was a predisposing factor. S-25-OHD showed significant seasonal variation in children older than 6 years. In the whole cohort, S-25-OHD was on average 13 nmol/L higher in summer than in winter, and the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency ( =  S-25-OHD <37.5 nmol/l) varied from 11% in summer to 29% in winter.
    CONCLUSIONS: The finding that almost half of the studied Finnish children with a chronic illness had suboptimal vitamin D status is alarming. Inferior vitamin D status was noted in adolescents compared with younger children, suggesting that imbalance between intake and requirement evolves with age. Although less common during summer, subnormal vitamin D status was still observed in 28% of those evaluated in summer. Clinicians should identify individuals at risk and actively recommend vitamin D supplementation.
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  • Article
    Parsaie A, Haghiabi AH, Latif SD, Tripathi RP.
    Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2021 Nov;28(43):60842-60856.
    Predictions of pore pressure and seepage discharge are the most important parameters in the design of earth dams and assessing their safety during the operational period as well. In this research, soft computing models namely multi-layer perceptron neural network (MLPNN), support vector machine (SVM), multivariate adaptive regression splines (MARS), genetic programming (GP), M5 algorithm, and group method of data handling (GMDH) were used to predict the piezometric head in the core and the seepage discharge through the body of earth dam. For this purpose, the data recorded by the absolute instrument during the last 94 months of Shahid Kazemi Bukan Dam were used. The results showed that all of the applied models had a permissible level of accuracy in the prediction of the piezometric heads. The average error indices for the models in the training phase were R2= 0.957 and RMSE= 0.806 and in the testing phase were equal to R2= 0.949 and RMSE= 0.932, respectively. The performances of all models except the M5 and MARS in predicting seepage discharge are nearly identical; however, the best is the MARS, and the weakest is the M5 algorithm.
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  • Book
    edited by Jann Hau, Steven J. Schapiro.
    Summary: Building upon the success of previous editions of the bestselling Handbook of Laboratory Animal Science, first published in 1994, this latest revision combines all three volumes in one definitive guide. It covers the essential principles and practices of Laboratory Animal Science as well as selected animal models in scientific disciplines where much progress has been made in recent years. Each individual chapter focuses on an important subdiscipline of laboratory animal science, and the chapters can be read and used as stand-alone texts, with only limited necessity to consult other chapters for information. With new contributors at the forefront of their fields, the book reflects the scientific and technological advances of the past decade. It also responds to advances in our understanding of animal behavior, emphasizing the importance of implementing the three Rs: replacing live animals with alternative methods, reducing the number of animals used, and refining techniques to minimize animal discomfort. This fourth edition will be useful all over the world as a textbook for laboratory animal science courses for postgraduate and undergraduate students and as a handbook for scientists who work with animals in their research, for university veterinarians, and for other specialists in laboratory animal science.

    Contents:
    Animal research ethics. Alternatives: refinement, reduction and replacement of animal uses in the life sciences. Laboratory animal genetics and genetic quality control. Experimental design and statistical analysis. Behavioral needs and management of laboratory animals. Welfare assessment and humane endpoints. Impact of the biotic and abiotic environment on animal experiments. Animal research facility design and equipment considerations for conventional, barrier, and containment housing systems. Genetically modified mice. Microbiological status. Laboratory animal nutrition in routine husbandry, and experimental and regulatory studies. Common nonsurgical techniques and procedures. Laboratory animal analgesia, anesthesia and euthanasia. Surgery: basic principles and procedures. Applications of implantable radio telemetry in small laboratory animals. Physiological, hematological, and clinical chemistry. Postmortem procedures animal models for diabetes: basic principles and management. Animal models of spinal cord injury. Animal models in pain research. Rodents, sheep and non-human primates as models for human pregnancy and fetal development. Animal models in biodefense research. Animal models in neuroscience. Animal models for psychological disorders. Animal models for human behavior. Animal models of cardiovascular disease. Animal models in pharmacology and toxicology. Animal models in mycology. Animal models in oral health sciences. Animal models of hearing loss, tinnitus, and hyperacusis. Animal models for otolaryngological disorders. Animal models for eye diseases. Animal models in aids research. Models of human cancer. An overview of global legislation, regulations and policies. Laboratory animal science and service organizations. Education and training. Assessment of animal care and use programs. Reduction and refinement applied to animal models
    Digital Access TandFonline 2021
    Limited to 3 simultaneous users