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  • Article
    Reddy S, Giri D, Patel R.
    Cureus. 2024 Apr;16(4):e58692.
    Actinic keratosis (AK) and seborrheic keratosis (SK) represent prevalent dermatological conditions with distinct clinical characteristics and potential health implications. This article investigates recent strides in dermatological diagnostics, centered on the development and application of artificial intelligence (AI) technology for discerning between AK and SK. The objective of this study is to develop and evaluate an artificial intelligence (AI) model capable of accurately distinguishing between stage one and stage two gastric carcinoma based on pathology slides. Employing a dataset of high-resolution images obtained from Kaggle.com, consisting of 1000 AK and 1000 SK images, a novel AI model was trained using cutting-edge deep learning methodologies. The dataset underwent meticulous partitioning into training, validation, and testing subsets to ensure robustness and generalizability. The AI model showcased exceptional proficiency in distinguishing AK from SK images, attaining notable levels of accuracy, precision, recall, specificity, F1-score, and area under the curve (AUC). Insights into the etiology and clinical ramifications of AK and SK were presented, emphasizing the critical significance of precise diagnosis and tailored therapeutic approaches. The integration of AI technology into dermatological practice holds considerable potential for enhancing diagnostic precision, refining treatment decisions, and elevating patient outcomes. This article underscores the transformative impact of AI in dermatology and the importance of collaborative efforts between clinicians, researchers, and technologists in advancing the realm of dermatological diagnosis and care.
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  • Article
    Xiang X, Li Y, Yang X, Guo W, Zhou P.
    BMJ Open. 2022 08 04;12(8):e058692.
    INTRODUCTION: A major development in solid malignancy treatment is the application of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), which have produced durable responses and increased survival rates. However, the therapeutic effect of ICIs has great heterogeneity in patients with cancer. We propose a systematic review to evaluate the predictive value of tumour mutation burden (TMB) on efficacy of ICIs.
    METHODS AND ANALYSIS: A systematic literature search will be conducted in the PubMed, OVID, Web of Science, Embase and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials Library databases up to 31 May 2022. We will compare the efficacy of ICIs between TMB high group and TMB low group in terms of the HRs of overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS), and the OR of the objective response rate/overall response rate (ORR). The HRs of PFS and OS, and the OR of ORR, will be measured by an inverse variance weighted fixed effects model (I2≤50%) or a DerSimonian-Laird random effects model (I2>50%). In addition, subgroup analysis, sensitivity analysis, heterogeneity analysis and publication bias will be conducted. We plan to conduct a subgroup analysis on age, sex, area, number of patients (high/low TMB), cancer type, tumour size, stage, line of therapy, TMB sequencing method, type of immunotherapy and follow-up period.
    ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: Ethical approval and informed consent are not needed, as the study will be a literature review and will not involve direct contact with patients or alterations to patient care. This systematic review is anticipated to be finished in December 2023, and the results will be published in a peer-reviewed journal.
    PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER: CRD42021262480.
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  • Article
    Vergara-Alert J, Moreno A, Zabala JG, Bertran K, Costa TP, Cordón I, Rivas R, Majó N, Busquets N, Cordioli P, Rodriguez F, Darji A.
    PLoS One. 2013;8(3):e58692.
    Recent evidences have demonstrated that the presence of low pathogenic avian influenza viruses (LPAIV) may play an important role in host ecology and transmission of avian influenza viruses (AIV). While some authors have clearly demonstrated that LPAIV can mutate to render highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses (HPAIV), others have shown that their presence could provide the host with enough immunological memory to resist re-infections with HPAIV. In order to experimentally study the role of pre-existing host immunity, chickens previously infected with H7N2 LPAIV were subsequently challenged with H7N1 HPAIV. Pre-infection of chickens with H7N2 LAPIV conferred protection against the lethal challenge with H7N1 HPAIV, dramatically reducing the viral shedding, the clinical signs and the pathological outcome. Correlating with the protection afforded, sera from chickens primed with H7N2 LPAIV reacted with the H7-AIV subtype in hemagglutination inhibition assay and specifically with the N2-neuraminidase antigen. Conversely, subsequent exposure to H5N1 HPAIV resulted in a two days-delay on the onset of disease but all chickens died by 7 days post-challenge. Lack of protection correlated with the absence of H5-hemagglutining inhibitory antibodies prior to H5N1 HPAIV challenge. Our data suggest that in naturally occurring outbreaks of HPAIV, birds with pre-existing immunity to LPAIV could survive lethal infections with HA-homologous HPAIV but not subsequent re-infections with HA-heterologous HPAIV. These results could be useful to better understand the dynamics of AIV in chickens and might help in future vaccine formulations.
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  • Article
    Wang CH, Busireddy MR, Huang SC, Nie H, Liu YS, Lai BY, Meng LH, Chuang WT, Scharber MC, Chen JT, Hsu CS.
    ACS Appl Mater Interfaces. 2023 Dec 20;15(50):58683-58692.
    Alkoxy side chain engineering on the β-position of the thienothiophene units of Y6 derivatives plays a vital role in improving photovoltaic performances with simultaneously increasing open-circuit voltage (Voc) and fill factor (FF). In this work, we prepared a series of asymmetric non-fullerene acceptors (NFAs) by introducing alkoxy side chains and phenoxy groups on the state-of-the-art Y6-derivative BTP-BO-4F. For the comparison, 2O-BO-4F with a symmetric alkoxy side chain on the outer thiophene units and BTP-PBO-4F with an asymmetric N-attached phenoxy alkyl chain on the pyrrole ring are synthesized from BTP-BO-4F. Thereafter, we construct four asymmetric NFAs by introducing different lengths of linear/branched alkoxy chains on the β-position of the thienothiophene units of BTP-PBO-4F. The resulting NFAs, named L10-PBO, L12-PBO, B12-PBO, and B16-PBO (L = linear and B = branched alkoxy side chains), are collectively called OR-PBO-series. Unexpectedly, all OR-PBO NFAs exhibit strong edge-on molecular packing and weaker π-π interactions in the film state, which diminish the charge transfer in organic solar cell (OSC) devices. As a consequence, the optimal devices of OR-PBO-based binary blends show poor photovoltaic performances [power conversion efficiency (PCE) = 6.52-9.62%] in comparison with 2O-BO-4F (PCE = 12.42%) and BTP-PBO-4F (PCE = 15.30%) reference blends. Nevertheless, the OR-PBO-based binary devices show a higher Voc and smaller Vloss. Especially, B12-PBO- and B16-PBO-based devices achieve Voc over 1.00 V, which is the highest value of Y-series OSC devices to the best of our knowledge. Therefore, by utilizing higher Voc of OR-PBO binary blends, B12-PBO and B16-PBO are incorporated into the PM6:BTP-PBO-4F-based binary blend and fabricated ternary devices. As a result, the PM6:BTP-PBO-4F:B12-PBO ternary device delivers the best PCE of 15.60% with an increasing Voc and FF concurrently.
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  • Article
    Fed Regist. 1998 Nov 02;63(211):58685-92.
    The federal Communications Commission (Commission) adopted a Third Notice of Proposed Rule Making ("Third Notice") contemporaneously with a First Report and Order ("First Report") that is summarized elsewhere in this edition of the Federal Register. By its Third Notice, the Commission makes a range of proposals and seeks comment relating to public safety communications in the 746-806 MHz band ("700 MHz band") and in general. The Commission invites comment on how to license the 8.8 megahertz of 700 MHz band spectrum designated as reserved in the First Report and on whether to directly license each state or use a regional planning process to administer the nationwide interoperability frequencies (2.6 MHz of spectrum designated in the First Report) pursuant to the national interoperability plan to be established by the National Coordination Committee. The Third Notice also discusses protection requirements for the Global Navigation Satellite Systems and offers proposals to facilitate use of nationwide interoperability in public safety bands below 512 MHz. Finally, because many of the automated and intelligent machines and systems on which public safety entities depend for their operations were not designed to take into account the date change that will occur on January 1, 2000, the Commission also seeks comment on how best to ascertain the extent, reach, and effectiveness of Year 2000 compliance initiatives that have been or are being undertaken by public safety entities, to better understand the nature of the Year 2000 problem and the potential risks posed to public safety communications networks. This action addresses an urgent need for additional public safety radio spectrum and the need for nationwide interoperability among local, state, and federal entities. By this action, the Commission also takes additional steps toward achieving its goals of developing a flexible regulatory framework to meet vital current and future public safety communications needs and ensuring that sufficient spectrum to accommodate efficient, effective telecommunications facilities and services will be available to satisfy public safety communications needs into the 21st century.
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  • Book
    edited by Rose L. Hamm.
    Summary: Text and Atlas of Wound Diagnosis and Treatment delivers outstanding visual guidance and clear, step-by-step instruction on caring for patients with wounds. Packed with hundreds of full-color illustrations and clear, concise text, this unique learning tool provides thorough easy-to-understand coverage of evidence-based concepts of would treatment.

    Contents:
    Integumentary basics
    Wound diagnosis
    Wound bed preparation
    Adjunctive therapies
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    AccessMedicine
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    AccessMedicine
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