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- ArticleNangliya R, Sasun AR, Samal S.Cureus. 2024 Mar;16(3):e56315.This case report provides insights into the physiotherapy management of a 12-year-old male with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD). DMD is a devastating genetic disorder characterized by progressive muscle degeneration and weakness. Skeletal muscle degeneration is induced by a genetic disorder. It is a common X-linked condition that causes hypertrophy of the calves and proximal muscular weakness in children. It frequently results in early mortality, wheelchair confinement, and delays in motor development. Physiotherapy interventions aim to optimize functional abilities and quality of life in individuals with DMD. This case report highlights the effectiveness of physiotherapy in managing DMD progression. This study presents a case exhibiting notable clinical symptoms, highlighting the urgency for advanced treatments to combat this debilitating disease. Outcome measures such as body mass index, spirometry, manual muscle testing, and the World Health Organization Quality-of-Life scale are used to report patient progress. The treatment plan was carried out for six weeks, five times a week. Physiotherapy strategies include diet management, stretching and splinting techniques, and pulmonary training. While current treatments focus on symptom management, ongoing research holds promise for the development of more effective therapies to improve outcomes and quality of life for affected individuals. Multidisciplinary care, including neurophysiotherapy rehabilitation, plays a crucial role in managing the symptoms and complications of DMD, emphasizing the importance of comprehensive support for patients and their families. At the end of our rehabilitation, the patient showed significant improvement in the outcome measures.
- ArticleAvci U, Pattathil S, Singh B, Brown VL, Hahn MG, Haigler CH.PLoS One. 2013;8(2):e56315.Cotton fiber is an important natural textile fiber due to its exceptional length and thickness. These properties arise largely through primary and secondary cell wall synthesis. The cotton fiber of commerce is a cellulosic secondary wall surrounded by a thin cuticulated primary wall, but there were only sparse details available about the polysaccharides in the fiber cell wall of any cotton species. In addition, Gossypium hirsutum (Gh) fiber was known to have an adhesive cotton fiber middle lamella (CFML) that joins adjacent fibers into tissue-like bundles, but it was unknown whether a CFML existed in other commercially important cotton fibers. We compared the cell wall chemistry over the time course of fiber development in Gh and Gossypium barbadense (Gb), the two most important commercial cotton species, when plants were grown in parallel in a highly controlled greenhouse. Under these growing conditions, the rate of early fiber elongation and the time of onset of secondary wall deposition were similar in fibers of the two species, but as expected the Gb fiber had a prolonged elongation period and developed higher quality compared to Gh fiber. The Gb fibers had a CFML, but it was not directly required for fiber elongation because Gb fiber continued to elongate rapidly after CFML hydrolysis. For both species, fiber at seven ages was extracted with four increasingly strong solvents, followed by analysis of cell wall matrix polysaccharide epitopes using antibody-based Glycome Profiling. Together with immunohistochemistry of fiber cross-sections, the data show that the CFML of Gb fiber contained lower levels of xyloglucan compared to Gh fiber. Xyloglucan endo-hydrolase activity was also higher in Gb fiber. In general, the data provide a rich picture of the similarities and differences in the cell wall structure of the two most important commercial cotton species.
- ArticleBore P, Nilsson S, Andersson M, Oehm K, Attvall J, Håkansson A, Claesdotter-Knutsson E.JMIR Res Protoc. 2024 Aug 16;13:e56315.BACKGROUND: Gaming disorder (GD) is a new official diagnosis in the International Classification of Diseases, 11th Revision, and with its recognition, the need to offer treatment for the condition has become apparent. More knowledge is needed about the type of treatment needed for this group of patients.
OBJECTIVE: This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness and acceptability of a novel module-based psychological treatment for GD based on cognitive behavioral therapy and family therapy.
METHODS: This study is a nonrandomized intervention study, with a pretest, posttest, and 3-month follow-up design. It will assess changes in GD symptoms, psychological distress, and gaming time, alongside treatment satisfaction, working alliance, and a qualitative exploration of patients' and relatives' experiences of the treatment.
RESULTS: This study started in March 2022 and the recruitment is expected to close in August 2024.
CONCLUSIONS: This study evaluates the effectiveness and acceptability of a psychological treatment for patients with problematic gaming behavior and GD. It is an effectiveness trial and will be conducted in routine care. This study will have high external validity and ensure that the results are relevant for a diverse clinical population with psychiatric comorbidity.
TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT06018922; https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT06018922.
INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT IDENTIFIER (IRRID): DERR1-10.2196/56315. - ArticleBardóczi L, Berta M, Bencze A.Phys Rev E Stat Nonlin Soft Matter Phys. 2012 May;85(5 Pt 2):056315.We present an experimental study of the inverse energy cascade, spectral condensation, and turbulent particle transport in an electromagnetically driven thin layer of NaCl electrolyte. The presence of the bottom friction provides an energy sink at large scales for the turbulent flow. This energy sink crucially contributes to the balance of the forcing and dissipation which makes the inverse cascade steady. The present work provides an estimation of the linear dissipation rate on an experimental basis. We also show how the dissipation rate affects the characteristic features of the velocity spectrum and the dynamics of the spectral condensation. A quantitative study of the turbulent diffusion shows a significant decrease of the radial transport during the spectral condensation process.
- ArticleFelderhof BU.Phys Rev E Stat Nonlin Soft Matter Phys. 2011 May;83(5 Pt 2):056315.A planar sheet immersed in an electrically polar liquid like water can propel itself by means of a plane wave charge density propagating in the sheet. The corresponding running electric wave polarizes the fluid and causes an electrical torque density to act on the fluid. The sheet is convected by the fluid motion resulting from the conversion of rotational particle motion, generated by the torque density, into translational fluid motion by the mechanism of friction and spin diffusion. Similarly, a planar sheet immersed in a magnetic ferrofluid can propel itself by means of a plane wave current density in the sheet and the torque density acting on the fluid corresponding to the running wave magnetic field and magnetization. The effect is studied on the basis of the micropolar fluid equations of motion and Maxwell's equations of electrostatics or magnetostatics, respectively. An analytic expression is derived for the velocity of the sheet by perturbation theory to second order in powers of the amplitude of the driving charge or current density. Under the assumption that the equilibrium magnetic equation of state may be used in linearized form and that higher harmonics than the first may be neglected, a set of self-consistent integral equations is derived which can be solved numerically by iteration. In typical situations the second-order perturbation theory turns out to be quite accurate.
- Bookeditors, Nitin Mishra, Abdulaziz M. Saleem.Summary: "A concise, step-by-step guide to performing minimally invasive operations in colon and rectal surgery"-- Provided by publisher.Digital Access AccessSurgery c2024
- ArticleRimbert N.Phys Rev E Stat Nonlin Soft Matter Phys. 2010 May;81(5 Pt 2):056315.Whether statistics of intermittencies (between small and large eddies) in homogeneous and isotropic turbulence should be described by a logarithmic-Poisson, a logarithmic-stable probability density function, or other is still debated nowadays. In this paper, a bridge between polymer physics, self-avoiding walk, and random vortex stretching is established which may help to obtain new insights on this topic. A very simple relationship between the stability index of the Lévy stable law and Flory's exponent stemming from statistics of linear polymer growth is established. Moreover, the scaling of turbulence intermittencies with Reynolds number is also explained and the overall picture is given of smallest vortex tubes of Kolmogorov length width (i.e., the smallest dissipative eddies) bent by bigger vortices of Taylor length scale (i.e., the mean dissipative eddies), themselves stretched by the bigger eddies in a continuous cascade. This results in both a simple and sound model with no fitting parameters required.
- ArticleTwardos MJ, Arratia PE, Rivera MK, Voth GA, Gollub JP, Ecke RE.Phys Rev E Stat Nonlin Soft Matter Phys. 2008 May;77(5 Pt 2):056315.Although time-periodic fluid flows sometimes produce mixing via Lagrangian chaos, the additional contribution to mixing caused by nonperiodicity has not been quantified experimentally. Here, we do so for a quasi-two-dimensional flow generated by electromagnetic forcing. Several distinct measures of mixing are found to vary continuously with the Reynolds number, with no evident change in magnitude or slope at the onset of nonperiodicity. Furthermore, the scaled probability distributions of the mean Lyapunov exponent have the same form in the periodic and nonperiodic flow states.
- ArticleKapur N, Gaskell PH.Phys Rev E Stat Nonlin Soft Matter Phys. 2007 May;75(5 Pt 2):056315.The coalescence of a pair of droplets on a surface is investigated experimentally with images from detailed flow visualisations revealing the morphology of the process. It is found that they merge and evolve to a final state with a footprint that is peanut like in shape, with bulges along the longer sides resulting from the effects of inertia during spreading. The associated dynamics involve a subtle interplay between (i) the motion of the wetting process due to relaxation of the contact angle and (ii) a rapid rise in free-surface height above the point where coalescence began due to negative pressure generated by curvature. During the early stages of the motion, a traveling wave propagates from the point of initial contact up the side of each droplet as liquid is drawn into the neck region, and only when it reaches the apex of each do their heights start to decrease. A further feature of the rapid rise in height of the neck region is that the free surface there overshoots significantly its final equilibrium position; it reaches a height greater than that of the starting droplets, producing a self-excited oscillation that persists long after the system reaches its final morphological state in relation to its footprint.
- ArticleLakkaraju R, Stevens RJ, Verzicco R, Grossmann S, Prosperetti A, Sun C, Lohse D.Phys Rev E Stat Nonlin Soft Matter Phys. 2012 Nov;86(5 Pt 2):056315.We numerically investigate the radial dependence of the velocity and temperature fluctuations and of the time-averaged heat flux j ¯(r) in a cylindrical Rayleigh-Bénard cell with aspect ratio Γ=1 for Rayleigh numbers Ra between 2×10^{6} and 2×10^{9} at a fixed Prandtl number Pr=5.2. The numerical results reveal that the heat flux close to the sidewall is larger than in the center and that, just as the global heat transport, it has an effective power law dependence on the Rayleigh number, j ¯(r)∝Ra{γ{j}(r)}. The scaling exponent γ{j}(r) decreases monotonically from 0.43 near the axis (r≈0) to 0.29 close to the sidewalls (r≈D/2). The effective exponents near the axis and the sidewall agree well with the measurements of Shang et al. [Phys. Rev. Lett. 100, 244503 (2008)] and the predictions of Grossmann and Lohse [Phys. Fluids 16, 1070 (2004)]. Extrapolating our results to large Rayleigh number would imply a crossover at Ra≈10^{15}, where the heat flux near the axis would begin to dominate. In addition, we find that the local heat flux is more than twice as high at the location where warm or cold plumes go up or down than in plume depleted regions.
- ArticleSun SN, Urbassek HM.Phys Rev E Stat Nonlin Soft Matter Phys. 2011 Nov;84(5 Pt 2):056315.Using molecular-dynamics simulation, we investigate the fragmentation behavior of droplets after collision with a wall. We demonstrate that the ratio of the impact to the cohesive energy E(coh) of the droplet is the key quantity characterizing the droplet fragmentation process. To show this both van der Waals-bonded Ar and N(2) droplets and polar H(2)O droplets are studied. If the impact energy per molecule E<(0.35-0.4)E(coh), the droplet is reflected without fragmenting. Beyond that impact energy fragmentation of the droplet abruptly starts. At E=E(coh), the fragmentation process already results in a fine dispersal of the droplet into daughter droplets; the maximum fragment contains only less than 4% of the initial droplet mass and around one-third of the droplet has been shattered into isolated molecules. The disintegration process continuously increases with collision energy. These findings are relevant for the process of droplet fragmentation as used in the method of impact desolvation of electrosprayed microdroplets mass spectrometry.
- ArticleIglauer S, Favretto S, Spinelli G, Schena G, Blunt MJ.Phys Rev E Stat Nonlin Soft Matter Phys. 2010 Nov;82(5 Pt 2):056315.Three-dimensional images of sandstones containing residual nonwetting phase were obtained using synchrotron x-ray tomography with a resolution of approximately 9 μm. We determined the size distribution of disconnected nonwetting phase clusters (ganglia); the number of ganglia of size s is N(s)~s(-τ) with τ=2.05 . The vast majority of the residual phase was contained in large clusters, spanning many pores. This result implies that we have clusters of all sizes providing a huge surface area for geochemical reactions and dissolution while allowing mobilization of the residual phase during improved oil recovery in hydrocarbon reservoirs and carbon dioxide storage in aquifers.
- ArticleLin W, Armfield SW.Phys Rev E Stat Nonlin Soft Matter Phys. 2004 May;69(5 Pt 2):056315.In this study, the long-term behavior of cooling an initially quiescent isothermal Newtonian fluid in a rectangular container with an infinite length by unsteady natural convection due to a fixed wall temperature has been investigated by scaling analysis and direct numerical simulation. Two specific cases are considered. Case 1 assumes that the cooling of the fluid is caused by the imposed fixed temperature on the vertical sidewall while the top and bottom boundaries are adiabatic. Case 2 assumes that the cooling is caused by the imposed fixed temperature on both the vertical sidewall and the bottom boundary while the top boundary is adiabatic. The appropriate parameters to represent the long-term behavior of the fluid cooling in the container are the transient average fluid temperature T(a)(t) over the whole volume of the container per unit length (i.e., the transient area average fluid temperature, as used in the subsequent numerical simulations) at time t and the average Nusselt number on the cooling boundary. A scaling analysis has been carried out which shows that for both cases theta(a)(tau) scales as e(-C(ARa)(-1/4) tau), where theta(a)(tau) is the dimensionless form of T(a)(t), tau is the dimensionless time, A is the aspect ratio of the container, Ra is the Rayleigh number, and C is a proportionality constant. A series of direct numerical simulations with the selected values of A, Ra, and Pr (Pr is the Prandtl number) in the ranges of 1/3< or =A< or =3, 6 x 10(6) < or =Ra< or =6 x 10(10), and 1< or =Pr< or =1000 have been carried out for both cases to validate the developed scaling relations. It is found that these numerical results agree well with the scaling relations. The numerical results have also been used to quantify the scaling relations and it is found that C=0.645 and 0.705 respectively for Cases 1 and 2 with Ra, A and Pr in the above-mentioned ranges.
- ArticleYeo LY, Craster RV, Matar OK.Phys Rev E Stat Nonlin Soft Matter Phys. 2003 May;67(5 Pt 2):056315.Long-wave Marangoni instabilities can be induced thermally on a thin liquid layer overlying a horizontal solid substrate with either a uniform or a nonuniform base temperature. For a nonuniform base temperature, the film height thickens near the region where temperature gradients are negligible and severely thins upstream; "fingering" patterns are observed in this region. These states are related to the patterns observed in the isothermal case, which are reasonably well understood. The stability of these spatiotemporally evolving states to transverse disturbances is investigated using a transient growth-type analysis. It is found that the band of unstable wave numbers exhibiting growth is strongly dependent on the lateral extent of the heating source. Inspection of surface reconstructions of the film thickness profiles reveals the existence of three-dimensional patterns in the thinning region behind the thickened front.
- ArticleMatar OK, Craster RV, Sefiane K.Phys Rev E Stat Nonlin Soft Matter Phys. 2007 Nov;76(5 Pt 2):056315.Recent experiments and models for the spreading of liquids laden with nanoparticles have demonstrated particle layering at the three-phase contact line; this is associated with the structural component of the disjoining pressure. Effects driven by structural disjoining pressures occur on scales longer than the diameter of a particle, below which other disjoining pressure components such as van der Waals and electrostatic forces are dominant. Motivated by these experimental observations, we investigate the dynamic spreading of a droplet laden with nanoparticles in the presence of structural disjoining pressure effects. We use lubrication theory to derive evolution equations for the interfacial location and the concentration of particles. These equations account for the presence of the structural component of the disjoining pressure for film thicknesses exceeding the diameter of a nanoparticle; below such thicknesses, van der Waals forces are assumed to be operative. The resulting evolution equations, for the particle motion and free surface position, are solved allowing for the viscosity to vary as a function of nanoparticle concentration. The results of our numerical simulations demonstrate qualitative agreement with experimental observations of a "step" emerging from the contact line. The results are also relevant to a wide range of other phenomena involving layering, or terraced spreading of nanodroplets, or stepwise thinning of micellar thin films.
- ArticleScheel JD, Cross MC.Phys Rev E Stat Nonlin Soft Matter Phys. 2005 Nov;72(5 Pt 2):056315.Numerical simulations of large aspect ratio, three-dimensional rotating Rayleigh-Bénard convection for no-slip boundary conditions have been performed in both cylinders and periodic boxes. We have focused near the threshold for the supercritical bifurcation from the conducting state to a convecting state exhibiting domain chaos. A detailed analysis of these simulations has been carried out and is compared with experimental results, as well as predictions from multiple scale perturbation theory. We find that the time scaling law agrees with the theoretical prediction, which is in contradiction to experimental results. We also have looked at the scaling of defect lengths and defect glide velocities. We find a separation of scales in defect diameters perpendicular and parallel to the rolls as expected, but the scaling laws for the two different lengths are in contradiction to theory. The defect velocity scaling law agrees with our theoretical prediction from multiple scale perturbation theory.