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  • Article
    Puttaswamy SH, Nandibewur NP, Kumar P, Venkataiah V, Pinjar MJ.
    Cureus. 2024 Mar;16(3):e55567.
    BACKGROUND: A substantial majority of women in India report experiencing stress frequently, with a significant number indicating a lack of time for relaxation. Women within a central productive age bracket often report higher stress levels. Chronic stress can lead to the development of autoimmune disorders affecting the thyroid gland.
    OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the relationship between perceived stress and thyroid function among apparently normal women of reproductive age.
    MATERIALS AND METHODS: The present study was conducted at the Vijayanagar Institute of Medical Sciences (VIMS) after obtaining clearance from the Institutional Ethical Committee and informed written consent from the participants. One hundred and fourteen working women aged 20-49 who consented to the study and had no personal or family history of medical illness or thyroid disease were randomly selected. Stress levels were measured using a Perceived Stress Scale (PSS), and thyroid parameters (total triiodothyronine [T3], total thyroxine [T4], and thyroid-stimulating hormone [TSH]) in blood samples were assessed by the electrochemical luminescence immunoassay method. Anthropometric parameters such as age and body mass index (BMI), as well as vital parameters like pulse rate and blood pressure, were measured for all participants. A detailed history was also recorded, including marital status, duration of married life, education, number of children, type of family, per capita income, phase of menstrual cycle, and dietary habits.
    RESULTS: The Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software version 22.0 was used for statistical analysis. The analysis used Pearson's chi-square test, Student's t-test, and binary logistic regression. A positive correlation was observed between PSS and TSH (correlation coefficient "r" value = 0.060) without a significant p-value. Participants were divided into two groups based on TSH values: those with normal thyroid function (TSH <4.2 international units [IU]) and those with subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH) (TSH >4.2 IU). Both groups had total T3 and T4 levels within the normal reference range. A highly significant difference was observed for age, BMI, TSH, marital status, and duration of married life between women with normal thyroid function and those with SCH. No significant difference was found between the two groups for PSS.
    DISCUSSION: Both acute and chronic stress affect thyroid function through the hypothalamus-pituitary-thyroid (HPT) axis and the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. Psychological and physiological stressors induce immune modulations that can lead to autoimmune thyroid diseases, resulting in hypothyroidism.
    CONCLUSION: The study examined the link between stress and thyroid health in women of childbearing age, revealing a trend where higher stress levels corresponded with increased TSH levels, though not significantly. It also found that older age, higher BMI, and longer duration of marriage were linked to a greater occurrence of SCH. These findings underscore the potential influence of lifestyle factors and stress on thyroid function, suggesting that stress management and demographic factors should be considered in managing thyroid health. For women of reproductive age under high stress, routine monitoring of thyroid function could be beneficial for overall health maintenance.
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  • Article
    Hellström A, Jacobson L, Al-Hawasi A, Hellström-Westas L, Rakow A, Johnson M, Sävman K, Holmstrom G, Larsson E, Gränse L, Saric M, Sunnqvist B, Smith L, Hård AL, Morsing E, Lundgren P.
    BMJ Open. 2022 08 03;12(8):e055567.
    OBJECTIVES: To retrospectively evaluate ophthalmological and neurological outcomes in a Swedish cohort of infants born before 24 weeks gestational age (GA) and explore risk factors for visual impairment.
    SETTING: Eye and paediatric clinics in Sweden.
    PARTICIPANTS: Infants screened for retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) (n=399), born before 24 weeks GA, 2007-2018. Cases were excluded if ophthalmological follow-up records could not be traced.
    PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOME MEASURES: Primary outcomes were ophthalmological, including visual acuity (VA), refractive error, strabismus, nystagmus and cerebral visual impairment (CVI). Secondary outcomes comprised neonatal and neurological morbidities. Data were retrospectively retrieved from medical records.
    RESULTS: The 355 assessed children had a median GA of 23 weeks and 2 days and a median birth weight of 565 g. At the last available ophthalmological examination, the median age was 4.8 years (range 0.5-13.2 years). Nystagmus was recorded in 21.1%, strabismus in 34.8%, and 51.0% wore spectacles. Seventy-three of 333 (21.9%) were visually impaired, defined as being referred to a low vision clinic and/or having a VA less than 20/60 at 3.5 years of age or older. ROP treatment was a significant risk factor for visual impairment (OR 2.244, p=0.003). Visually impaired children, compared with children without visual impairment, more often had neurological deficits such as intellectual disability 63.8% versus 33.3% (p<0.001), epilepsy 21.1% versus 7.5% (p=0.001) and autism spectrum disorders 32.8% versus 20.9% (p=0.043). Nine of the 355 children had been diagnosed with CVI.
    CONCLUSIONS: Children born before 24 weeks GA frequently had visual impairment in association with neurological deficits. CVI was rarely diagnosed. A multidisciplinary approach for the evaluation and habilitation of these vulnerable infants is warranted. National follow-up guidelines need to be developed and implemented.
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  • Article
    Ahmadzadehfar H, Zimbelmann S, Yordanova A, Fimmers R, Kürpig S, Eppard E, Gaertner FC, Wei X, Hauser S, Essler M.
    Oncotarget. 2017 Aug 15;8(33):55567-55574.
    Radioligand therapy with 177Lu-PSMA-617 is an innovative and effective therapy for castrate-resistant metastatic prostate cancer patients. For patients with symptomatic bone metastases without visceral metastases, the guidelines recommend radionuclide therapy with 223Ra-dichloride as a single therapeutic agent or in combination with hormone therapy. The aim of this study was to evaluate the safety of repeated cycles of 177Lu-PSMA-617 after exposure to more cycles of 223Ra. Forty-nine patients were treated with three cycles of Lu-PSMA-617 divided into two groups subjected to a history of therapy with 223Ra. Group 1 included 20 patients, who had received therapy with 223Ra prior to Lu-PSMA-617 therapy. Group 2, which was the control group regarding hematotoxicity, comprised 29 patients without any history of a bone-targeted radionuclide therapy. No CTC 4° hematotoxicity was observed in the entire study population. There was no CTC 3° or CTC 4° leucopenia in either group. One and three patients from group 1 and 2, respectively, showed CTC 3° anemia. In group 1 there was significantly more CTC 2° anemia (50% vs. 6.9%) (p=0.008). One patient from group 1 (5%) showed a CTC 3° thrombocytopenia without any concurrent anemia, and two patients from group 2 (7%) showed a CTC 3° thrombocytopenia, one with CTC 3° anemia and one without any anemia. There were no significant differences between the two groups regarding leucopenia and thrombocytopenia. These results confirmed that performing repeated cycles of Lu-PSMA-617 after 223Ra seems to be safe with a very small probability of hematotoxicity.
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  • Article
    Setz C, Friedrich M, Hahn S, Dörrie J, Schaft N, Schuler G, Schubert U.
    PLoS One. 2013;8(2):e55567.
    N-terminal stable in frame fusion of ubiquitin (Ub) has been shown to target the fusion protein for proteasomal degradation. This pathway, called the Ub fusion degradation (UFD), might also elevate MHC class I (MHC-I) antigen presentation of specific antigens. The UFD, mainly studied on cytosolic proteins, has been described to be mediated by polyubiquitination of specific lysine residues within the fused Ub moiety. Using the well characterized melanoma-specific antigen MelanA as a model protein, we analyzed the requirements of the UFD for ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation of a transmembrane protein. Here we show that fusion of the non-cleavable Ub(G76V) variant to the N-terminus of MelanA results in rapid proteasomal degradation via the endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation (ERAD) pathway and, consequently, leads to an increased MHC-I antigen presentation. While lysine residues within Ub are dispensable for these effects, the presence of one single lysine residue, irrespectively of its location along the fusion protein, is sufficient to induce degradation of MelanA. These results show that the ubiquitination, ER to cytosol relocation and proteasomal degradation of a transmembrane protein can be increased by N-terminal fusion of Ub at the presence of at least one, position independent lysine residue. These findings are in contrast to the conventional wisdom concerning the UFD and indicate a new concept to target a protein into the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) and thus for enhanced MHC-I antigen presentation, and might open up new possibilities in the development of tumor vaccines.
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  • Article
    Attari MYN, Ala A, Khalilpourshiraz Z.
    Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2022 Aug;29(37):55541-55567.
    Electrical energy is unique because it must sustain a consistent production and consumption balance. This guarantees that the "generation-transmission-distribution-consumption-storage" electric power supply chain (EPSC) continues to be connected and inseparable through the power system's complete operation. This paper is a type of secondary study. According to the nature of the article which is qualitative, the grounded theory (GT) method for reviewing the literature has been used. A systematic review of existing literature is carried out over 12 years (2010-2022) by classifying it based on several dimensions such as phase sources of production, the total fixed cost of the real variable, and criteria of decision-making and emissions. The literature is further divided into categories based on the year of publication and the journals in which it was published. The study shows a direction for future studies in the electric power domain of the supply chain while utilizing an operations strategy approach.
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  • Article
    Niu ZY, Jiao L, Zhang T, Zhao XM, Wang XF, Tan Z, Liu LZ, Chen S, Song XZ.
    ACS Appl Mater Interfaces. 2022 Dec 21;14(50):55559-55567.
    Electrochemical N2 reduction reaction (NRR) emerges as a highly attractive alternative to the Haber-Bosch process for producing ammonia (NH3) under ambient circumstances. Currently, this technology still faces tremendous challenges due to the low ammonia production rate and low Faradaic efficiency, urgently prompting researchers to explore highly efficient electrocatalysts. Inspired by the Fe-Mo cofactor in nitrogenase, we report Mo-doped hematite (Fe2O3) porous nanospheres containing Fe-O-Mo subunits for enhanced activity and selectivity in the electrochemical reduction from N2 to NH3. Mo-doping induces the morphology change from a solid sphere to a porous sphere and enriches lattice defects, creating more active sites. It also regulates the electronic structures of Fe2O3 to accelerate charge transfer and enhance the intrinsic activity. As a consequence, Mo-doped Fe2O3 achieves effective N2 fixation with a high ammonia production rate of 21.3 ± 1.1 μg h-1 mgcat.-1 as well as a prominent Faradaic efficiency (FE) of 11.2 ± 0.6%, superior to the undoped Fe2O3 and other iron oxide catalysts. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations further unravel that the Mo-doping in Fe2O3 (110) narrows the band gap, promotes the N2 activation on the Mo site with an elongated N≡N bond length of 1.132 Å in the end-on configuration, and optimizes an associative distal pathway with a decreased energy barrier. Our results may pave the way toward enhancing the electrocatalytic NRR performance of iron-based materials by atomic-scale heteroatom doping.
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  • Book
    American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG) ; with Robert Casanova, AnnaMarie Connolly, Alice R. Goepfert, Nancy A. Hueppchen, Patrice M. Weiss.
    Summary: "Beckmann and Ling's Obstetrics and Gynecology, 9th Edition, provides the foundational knowledge medical students need to complete an Ob/Gyn rotation, pass national standardized exams, and competently care for women in clinical practice. Highly respected for its authoritative expertise and preferred by students for its concise, consistent approach, the text is fully aligned with the Association of Professors of Gynecology and Obstetrics' educational objectives, upon which most clerkship evaluations and final exams are based. The 9th Edition is updated throughout and enhanced with engaging new features that encourage reflection, strengthen retention, and deliver critical preparation for exams and clinical practice." Provided by publisher.

    Contents:
    Women's health examination and women's health care management
    The obstetrician-gynecologist's role in screening and preventive care
    Ethics, liability, and patient safety in obstetrics and gynecology
    Embryology and anatomy
    Maternal-fetal physiology
    Preconception and antepartum care
    Genetics and genetic disorders in obstetrics and gynecology
    Intrapartum care
    Abnormal labor and intrapartum fetal surveillance
    Immediate care of the newborn
    Postpartum care
    Postpartum hemorrhage
    Multifetal gestation
    Fetal growth abnormalities : fetal growth restriction and macrosomia
    Preterm labor
    Third-trimester bleeding
    Premature rupture of membranes
    Postterm pregnancy
    Ectopic pregnancy and pregnancy loss
    Endocrine disorders
    Gastrointestinal, renal, and surgical complications
    Cardiovascular and respiratory disorders
    Hematologic and immunologic complications
    Infectious diseases
    Neurologic and psychiatric disorders
    Family planning
    Pregnancy termination
    Sterilization
    Vulvovaginitis
    Sexually transmitted infections
    Pelvic organ prolapse, urinary incontinence, and urinary tract infection
    Endometriosis
    Dysmenorrhea and chronic pelvic pain
    Disorders of the breast
    Gynecologic procedures
    Human sexuality
    Sexual assault and domestic violence
    Reproductive cycles
    Puberty
    Amenorrhea and abnormal uterine bleeding
    Hirsutism and virilization
    Menopause
    Infertility
    Premenstrual syndrome and premenstrual dysphoric disorder
    Cell biology and principles of cancer therapy
    Gestational trophoblastic disease
    Vulvar and vaginal disease and neoplasia
    Cervical neoplasia and carcinoma
    Uterine leiomyoma and neoplasia
    Cancer of the uterine corpus
    Ovarian and adnexal disease.