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- ArticleSensitivity and Specificity Analysis of Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology (FNAC) for Thyroid Swelling.Kohale MG, Dhobale AV, Bankar NJ, Bhatt N, Salgar AH.Cureus. 2024 Feb;16(2):e54913.Introduction Thyroid gland disorders, such as goiters or tumor masses, are the result of localized or systemic aberrations of the thyroid gland. The purpose of this research was to see how effective fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) was in detecting thyroid swelling in patients with thyroid swelling. It is critical to be able to differentiate between benign and malignant thyroid nodules to reduce unnecessary thyroid surgeries. It is hypothesized that FNAC is not a reliable diagnostic tool to detect thyroid nodules in patients with thyroid swelling and that there is a significant variation between the number of thyroid nodules detected by FNAC and the number of thyroid nodules that were eventually diagnosed as malignant by surgery. The significance of this research shows the effectiveness of diagnostic tests for thyroid nodules in patients with thyroid swelling can help reduce unnecessary surgeries and improve patient care. Methods This cross-sectional study was carried out at the Department of Pathology at a tertiary care hospital in central India, from March 1, 2022 to June 31, 2022. Fifty patients with thyroid swelling were covered in the study. All patients were chosen after an ultrasound revealed goiter on clinical grounds. Results The majority of patients in the age group 31-40 years (33.33%) were female (74.67%). About 54.67% of the patients had a single thyroid nodule. FNAC had a sensitivity of 95.38%, a specificity of 53.33%, a positive predictive value of 86.67% and a negative predictive value of 88.57%. Conclusion FNAC is a simple, economical, and commonly used first-line diagnostic method for thyroid cancer. A false negative or false positive cytological diagnosis may be produced as a result of thyroid cytology. The study emphasizes the need to improve basic healthcare in rural India by treating FNAC as a first-line diagnostic test for thyroid swellings to guide management, although it does not replace histopathology.
- ArticleWondesen A, Berha AB, Woldu M, Mekonnen D, Engidawork E.BMJ Open. 2022 04 12;12(4):e054913.OBJECTIVE: To determine the impact of medication therapy management interventions on drug therapy problems (DTPs), medication adherence and treatment satisfaction among ambulatory heart failure (HF) patients.
STUDY DESIGN, SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS: A one-group pre-post quasi-experimental study was conducted on 423 ambulatory HF patients at Tikur Anbessa Specialised Hospital (TASH), Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. All ambulatory HF patients ≥18 years old attending the adult cardiac clinic of TASH and having a complete medical record and fully met the inclusion criteria were taken as study participants.
INTERVENTIONS: Educational interventions along with a brochure with information on the nature of HF disease and its treatment were provided to study participants. DTPs encountered were resolved by a team of pharmacists and physicians.
RESULTS: In the preintervention phase, 288 DTPs were identified with a mean (SD) of 1.3±1.1. A significant reduction of DTPs (0.67±1.1, p<0.001) was observed in the postintervention phase compared with the preintervention phase. At the postintervention phase, 36.4%, 61.9% and 1.7% of HF patients were highly, medium and low adherent to their treatment regimens, respectively. The total composite score for treatment satisfaction of the study participants was 80.35%.
CONCLUSIONS: The findings of this study demonstrated that by teaming up clinical pharmacists with cardiologists and cardiology fellows, it was possible to reduce the occurrence of DTPs, improve medication adherence and increase treatment satisfaction of HF patients attending at the outpatient cardiac clinic. - ArticleLu Y, Zheng X, Hu W, Bian S, Zhang Z, Tao D, Liu Y, Ma Y.Oncotarget. 2017 Aug 15;8(33):54913-54924.Circadian rhythms are regulated by transcriptional and post-translational feedback loops generated by appropriate functions of clock proteins. Rhythmic degradation of the circadian clock proteins is critical for maintenance of the circadian oscillations. Notably, circadian clock does not work during spermatogenesis and can be disrupted in tumors. However, the underlying mechanism that suppresses circadian rhythms in germ cells and cancer cells remains largely unknown. Here we report that the cancer/testis antigen PIWIL2 can repress circadian rhythms both in the testis and cancer cells. By facilitating SRC binding with PI3K, PIWIL2 activates the PI3K-AKT pathway to phosphorylate and deactivate GSK3β, suppressing GSK3β-induced phosphorylation and degradation of circadian protein BMAL1 and CLOCK. Meanwhile, PIWIL2 can bind with E-Box sequences associated with the BMAL1/CLOCK complex to negatively regulate the transcriptional activation activity of promoters of clock-controlled genes. Taken together, our results first described a function for the germline-specific protein PIWIL2 in regulation of the circadian clock, providing a molecular link between spermatogenesis as well as tumorigenesis to the dysfunction of circadian rhythms.
- ArticleKpetemey M, Chaudhary P, Van Treuren T, Vishwanatha JK.Oncotarget. 2016 Aug 23;7(34):54913-54924.Migration and invasion enhancer 1 (MIEN1) is an important regulator of cell migration and invasion. MIEN1 overexpression represents an oncogenic event that promotes tumor cell dissemination and metastasis. The underlying mechanism by which MIEN1 regulates migration and invasion has yet to be deciphered. Here, we demonstrate that MIEN1 acts as a cytoskeletal-signaling adapter protein to drive breast cancer cell migration. MIEN1 localization is concentrated underneath the actin-enriched protrusive structures of the migrating breast cancer cells. Depletion of MIEN1 led to the loss of actin-protrusive structures whereas the over-expression of MIEN1 resulted in rich and thick membrane extensions. Knockdown of MIEN1 also decreased the cell-substratum adhesion, suggesting a role for MIEN1 in actin cytoskeletal dynamics. Our results show that MIEN1 supports the transition of G-actin to F-actin polymerization and stabilizes F-actin polymers. Additionally, MIEN1 promotes cellular adhesion and actin dynamics by inducing phosphorylation of FAK at Tyr-925 and reducing phosphorylation of cofilin at Ser-3, which results in breast cancer cell migration. Collectively, our data show that MIEN1 plays an essential role in maintaining the plasticity of the dynamic membrane-associated actin cytoskeleton, which leads to an increase in cell motility. Hence, targeting MIEN1 might represent a promising means to prevent breast tumor metastasis.
- ArticleLagergren K, Lindam A, Lagergren J.PLoS One. 2013;8(1):e54913.BACKGROUND: Dietary habits influence the risk of cancer of the oesophagus and oesophago-gastric junction, but the role of proportions of the main dietary macronutrients carbohydrates, fats and proteins is uncertain.
METHODS: Data was derived from a nationwide Swedish population-based case-control study conducted in 1995-1997, in which case ascertainment was rapid, and all cases were uniformly classified. Information on the subjects' history of dietary intake was collected in personal interviews. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using logistic regression, with adjustment for potentially confounding factors.
RESULTS: Included were 189 oesophageal adenocarcinomas, 262 oesophago-gastric adenocarcinomas, 167 oesophageal squamous cell carcinomas, and 820 control subjects. Regarding oesophageal or oesophago-gastric junctional adenocarcinoma, a high dietary proportion of carbohydrates decreased the risk (OR 0.50, CI 0.34-0.73), and a high portion of fat increased the risk (OR 1.96, CI 1.34-2.87), while a high proportion of protein did not influence the risk (OR 1. 08, 95% CI 0.75-1.56). Regarding oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma, the single macronutrients did not influence the risk statistically significantly.
CONCLUSIONS: A diet with a low proportion of carbohydrates and a high proportion of fat might increase the risk of oesophageal adenocarcinoma. - ArticleSoares S, Hoffmeister LV, Fernandes MF, Henriques A, Costa A.JMIR Aging. 2024 Apr 29;7:e54913.BACKGROUND: Informal caregivers (IC) play an important role in the community as health care providers for people who are dependent on self-care. Health literacy contributes to empowerment, better care, and self-management of one's own health and can be developed using digital technologies.
OBJECTIVE: This study aims to map scientific evidence about the use of digital technologies to promote health literacy and the empowerment of ICs.
METHODS: We conducted a scoping review following the Joanna Briggs Institute methodology. The CINAHL, MEDLINE, Scopus, and PubMed databases were searched to find primary studies on the theme. Inclusion criteria were based on the Population, Concept, and Context logic. To be selected for analysis, studies must have involved informal or family caregivers aged ≥18 years who provide care to dependent persons and who have access to the internet and digital devices (computer, smartphone, and tablet). A total of 2 independent researchers (SS and LVH) performed the screening process. This study is part of a main project that was approved by the Ethics Committee for Health of the Regional Health Administration of Lisbon and Tagus Valley (reference 058/CES/INV/2022).
RESULTS: A total of 9 studies were included in the review. The analysis of the studies showed that ICs use digital tools, such as computers and smartphones, with smartphones being the preferred tool. ICs use the internet to access information; manage home tasks; communicate with relatives, their peers, and health care professionals; and take part in forums. Due to difficulties in leaving their houses, forums are highly valued to preserve human connections.
CONCLUSIONS: The use of digital technologies to convey clear, objective, reliable, and accessible information is a strategic action for promoting health literacy and for contemplating the variable care needs of ICs. By working with ICs in the development of new technologies, researchers are building a new tool that meets ICs' needs. - ArticleKiani Z, Simbar M, Dolatian M, Zayeri F.Glob J Health Sci. 2016 9 01;8(9):54913.BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVES: Women empowerment is one of millennium development goals which is effective on fertility, population's stability and wellbeing. The influence of social determinants of health (SDH) on women empowerment is documented, however the correlation between SDH and women's empowerment in fertility has not been figured out yet. This study was conducted to assess correlation between social determinants of health and women's empowerment in reproductive decisions.
MATERIAL & METHODS: This was a descriptive-correlation study on 400 women who attended health centers affiliated to Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Tehran-Iran. Four hundred women were recruited using multistage cluster sampling method. The tools for data collection were 6 questionnaires including; 1) socio-demographic characteristics 2) women's empowerment in reproductive decision-making, 3) perceived social support, 4) self-esteem, 5) marital satisfaction, 6) access to health services. Data were analyzed by SPSS-17 and using Pearson and Spearman correlation tests.
RESULTS: Results showed 82.54 ± 14.00 (Mean±SD) of total score 152 of women's empowerment in reproductive decision making. All structural and intermediate variables were correlated with women's empowerment in reproductive decisions. The highest correlations were demonstrated between education (among structural determinants; r= 0.44, P< 0.001), and Self-esteem (among intermediate determinants; r= 0.34, P< 0.001) with women's empowerment in fertility decision making.
CONCLUSION: Social determinants of health have a significant correlation with women's empowerment in reproductive decision-making. - ArticleTax incentives and environmental, social, and governance performance: empirical evidence from China.Zhu N, Zhou Y, Zhang S, Yan J.Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2023 Apr;30(19):54899-54913.The improvement of corporate ESG performance is of great significance to the high quality and sustainable development of the economy. Governments in various countries have introduced many tax incentives to motivate companies to actively fulfill their ESG responsibilities. However, no research has been conducted in academia to study the relationship between tax incentives and ESG performance. This study aims to fill the gap in this area and investigate whether tax incentives can effectively motivate the improvement of corporate ESG performance. Using a two-way fixed effects model, this paper empirically investigates the relationship between tax incentives and corporate ESG performance and the paths of action, using Shanghai and Shenzhen A-share listed companies from 2011 to 2020 as the research sample, and finds that (1) tax incentives significantly contribute to the enhancement of corporate ESG performance; (2) financing constraints play a partly mediating role in the relationship between tax incentives and corporate ESG performance; (3) a favorable business environment can enhance the promotional effect of tax incentives on corporate ESG performance; (4) the incentive effect of tax incentives on corporate ESG performance is more significant among state-owned enterprises, enterprises in the eastern region, larger enterprises, enterprises with more concentrated equity, and enterprises with better quality of internal control. The research in this paper enriches the research perspective on the factors influencing corporate ESG performance and provides strong empirical evidence to support the implementation and improvement of ESG-related tax incentives, helping the implementation of the concept of sustainable development and high-quality economic development.
- ArticleJang HJ, Lee JY.ACS Appl Mater Interfaces. 2022 Dec 14;14(49):54907-54913.Horizontal emitting dipole orientation (EDO) of thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) molecules in a mixed host was studied by altering the host materials and host composition of the mixed host to gain insight into the important parameter of the host governing the EDO of TADF emitters. Five different host materials were combined with 1,3-bis(carbazol-9-yl)benzene (mCP), demonstrating that the host-dopant interaction is crucial to the absolute value of the horizontal EDO of the TADF emitters, whereas the glass transition temperature (Tg) is the important parameter determining the EDO dependence upon host composition. The mixed host of mCP with a high Tg host maintained high horizontal EDO in the mCP poor host composition, while that of mCP with a low Tg host showed average horizontal EDO of two hosts. Therefore, the combination of a high Tg n-type host enabling a strong host-dopant interaction with the p-type host with the usage of the n-type-host-rich composition is effective to achieve high horizontal EDO in the mixed-host-based TADF emitting layer.
- BookMeera Meerkov, MD, FAAP, Editor in Chief ; Gary Weiner, MD, FAAP, contributing editor ; Jeanette Zaichkin, RN, MN, NNP-CD, Contributing editorSummary: When a newborn is admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU), it can be frightening and overwhelming. Edited by two top NICU doctors and a veteran NICU nurse, this guide will support parents through their baby' s time in the NICU, helping them communicate with members of the NICU team, ask the right questions, and participate as valuable partners in their baby' s care.Understanding the NICU addresses such topics as common NICU equipment and tests, common medical problems for babies in the NICU, special health issues for preterm newborns, feeding and parenting in the NICU, and heading home from the NICU. This updated and fully revised edition also features new inspirational stories from parents of hospitalized newborns, bringing comfort and hopeDigital Access AAP ebooks [2023]