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  • Article
    Ahmed SK.
    Cureus. 2023 Dec;15(12):e50036.
    The protracted conflict in Gaza, marked by extensive Israeli attacks, has devastatingly crippled the healthcare system. Hospitals, clinics, and essential facilities have been directly targeted or damaged, leading to critical shortages in beds, equipment, and medications. The strain on healthcare workers has resulted in burnout, trauma, and mental health disorders. Moreover, repeated conflicts have triggered widespread psychological trauma among residents, exacerbated by a lack of mental health professionals and the stigma surrounding seeking help. International cooperation and humanitarian aid are essential to rebuild healthcare infrastructure, ensure the availability of medical supplies, and support mental health services. Additionally, diplomatic efforts for lasting peace in the region are crucial to mitigate the frequency and severity of conflicts, ultimately contributing to the stability and development of Gaza's healthcare system.
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  • Article
    Haavet OR, Šaltytė Benth J, Gjelstad S, Hanssen-Bauer K, Dahli MP, Kates N, Ruud T.
    BMJ Open. 2021 12 24;11(12):e050036.
    BACKGROUND: Young people with mental health challenges present a major global challenge. More than half of adults with mental disorders experience their onset before age 14, but early detection and intervention may change this course. Shared care with mental health professionals in general practitioner (GP) offices has demonstrated its potential for improvement in these conditions.
    AIM: To investigate whether shared care with mental health professionals in GP offices increases the detection of youth's mental health disorders and is associated with a decrease in use of unspecified symptom diagnoses, as a whole and stratified by patient and physician gender and age, and type of consulting physician.
    DESIGN AND SETTING: This was a stratified cluster-randomised controlled trial with data extraction from electronic records. Two GP offices were recruited from each of three boroughs. Each borough had 3-8 GP offices. One GP office was randomised to the intervention group and the other to the control group.
    METHOD: We used generalised linear mixed models to assess whether the intervention helped GPs identify more International Classification of Primary Care 2 diagnoses of depression, anxiety and unspecified symptoms in youth.
    RESULTS: Over a 18-month period between between 2015 and 2017, the intervention helped GPs identify more youth with anxiety (p=0.002 for interaction), but not depression. The increase was most significant among the patients' regular GPs, less when patients met other GPs and least among external substitute physicians. The frequency of diagnoses with unspecified symptoms decreased in the intervention arm.
    CONCLUSION: Shared care with mental health professionals located in GP office contributed to increased detection of youth with anxiety symptoms. The increase was most prominent when the primary care physician was the patient's regular GP. GPs need to pay greater attention to detecting anxiety in youth and embrace shared care models, thereby contributing to reduced mental health disorders in this age group.
    TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: NCT03624829; Results.
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  • Article
    Sawyer GW, Chiara DC, Olsen RW, Cohen JB.
    J Biol Chem. 2002 Dec 20;277(51):50036-45.
    Ligands binding to the benzodiazepine-binding site in gamma-aminobutyric acid type A (GABA(A)) receptors may allosterically modulate function. Depending upon the ligand, the coupling can either be positive (flunitrazepam), negative (Ro15-4513), or neutral (flumazenil). Specific amino acid determinants of benzodiazepine binding affinity and/or allosteric coupling have been identified within GABA(A) receptor alpha and gamma subunits that localize the binding site at the subunit interface. Previous photolabeling studies with [(3)H]flunitrazepam identified a primary site of incorporation at alpha(1)His-102, whereas studies with [(3)H]Ro15-4513 suggested incorporation into the alpha(1) subunit at unidentified amino acids C-terminal to alpha(1)His-102. To determine the site(s) of photoincorporation by Ro15-4513, we affinity-purified ( approximately 200-fold) GABA(A) receptor from detergent extracts of bovine cortex, photolabeled it with [(3)H]Ro15-4513, and identified (3)H-labeled amino acids by N-terminal sequence analysis of subunit fragments generated by sequential digestions with a panel of proteases. The patterns of (3)H release seen after each digestion of the labeled fragments determined the number of amino acids between the cleavage site and labeled residue, and the use of sequential proteolytic fragmentation identified patterns of cleavage sites unique to the different alpha subunits. Based upon this radiochemical sequence analysis, [(3)H]Ro15-4513 was found to selectively label the homologous tyrosines alpha(1)Tyr-210, alpha(2)Tyr-209, and alpha(3)Tyr-234, in GABA(A) receptors containing those subunits. These results are discussed in terms of a homology model of the benzodiazepine-binding site based on the molluscan acetylcholine-binding protein structure.
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  • Article
    Zhang C, Hu N, Li R, Zhu A, Yu Z.
    JMIR Form Res. 2024 Mar 29;8:e50036.
    BACKGROUND: It was only upon the occurrence of the COVID-19 pandemic that the demand for web-based consultations with physicians grew at unprecedented rates. To meet the demand, the service environment developed rapidly during the pandemic.
    OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to identify the current status of the use of web-based consultations with physicians among young and middle-aged Chinese individuals and explore users' perspectives on key factors that influence its use in terms of optimizing benefits and compensating for disadvantages.
    METHODS: We conducted semistructured interviews with 65 individuals (aged 18 to 60 years) across China between September and October 2022. The interviewees were selected through snowball sampling. They described their experiences of using web-based physician consultations and the reasons for using or not using the service. Based on the Andersen Behavioral Model, a qualitative comparative analysis was used to analyze the factors associated with the use of web-based physician consultations and explore the combinations of these factors.
    RESULTS: In all, 31 (48%) of the 65 interviewees used web-based consultation services. The singular necessary condition analysis revealed that the complementary role of the service and perceived convenience are necessary conditions for the use of web-based consultation services, and user's confidence in the service was a sufficient condition. Based on the Andersen Behavioral Model, the configuration analysis uncovered 2 interpretation models: an enabling-oriented model and a need-oriented model. The basic combination of the enabling-oriented model included income and perceived convenience. The basic combination of the need-oriented model included complementary role and user's confidence.
    CONCLUSIONS: Among the factors associated with the use of web-based consultations, perceived convenience, complementary role, and user's confidence were essential factors. Clear instructions on the conduct of the service, cost regulations, provider qualifications guarantee, privacy and safety supervision, the consultations' application in chronic disease management settings, and subsequent visits can promote the positive development of web-based consultations.
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  • Article
    Ouédraogo A, Tiono AB, Diarra A, Sanon S, Yaro JB, Ouedraogo E, Bougouma EC, Soulama I, Gansané A, Ouedraogo A, Konate AT, Nebie I, Watson NL, Sanza M, Dube TJ, Sirima SB.
    PLoS One. 2013;8(1):e50036.
    BACKGROUND: Malariometric parameters are often primary endpoints of efficacy trials of malaria vaccine candidates. This study aims to describe the epidemiology of malaria prior to the conduct of a series of drug and vaccine trials in a rural area of Burkina Faso.
    METHODS: Malaria incidence was prospectively evaluated over one year follow-up among two cohorts of children aged 0-5 years living in the Saponé health district. The parents of 1089 children comprising a passive case detection cohort were encouraged to seek care from the local health clinic at any time their child felt sick. Among this cohort, 555 children were randomly selected for inclusion in an active surveillance sub-cohort evaluated for clinical malaria during twice weekly home visits. Malaria prevalence was evaluated by cross-sectional survey during the low and high transmission seasons.
    RESULTS: Number of episodes per child ranged from 0 to 6 per year. Cumulative incidence was 67.4% in the passive and 86.2% in the active cohort and was highest among children 0-1 years. Clinical malaria prevalence was 9.8% in the low and 13.0% in the high season (p>0.05). Median days to first malaria episode ranged from 187 (95% CI 180-193) among children 0-1 years to 228 (95% CI 212, 242) among children 4-5 years. The alternative parasite thresholds for the malaria case definition that achieved optimal sensitivity and specificity (70-80%) were 3150 parasites/µl in the high and 1350 parasites/µl in the low season.
    CONCLUSION: Clinical malaria burden was highest among the youngest age group children, who may represent the most appropriate target population for malaria vaccine candidate development. The pyrogenic threshold of parasitaemia varied markedly by season, suggesting a value for alternative parasitaemia levels in the malaria case defintion. Regional epidemiology of malaria described, Sapone area field centers are positioned for future conduct of malaria vaccine trials.
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  • Article
    A Dixon T, C Curach N, Pretorius IS.
    EMBO Rep. 2020 03 04;21(3):e50036.
    Synthetic biology and artificial intelligence naturally converge in the biofoundry. Navigating the ethical and societal issues of the biofoundry's potential remains a major challenge.
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  • Article
    Abubakar A, Ishak MY.
    Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2024 Aug;31(38):50036-50055.
    The increasing global demand for palm oil and its derivatives has led to significant environmental and social concerns, prompting the need for sustainable practices in oil palm production. In recent years, digital technologies have emerged as a potential solution to enhance sustainability in this sector. The objective of this review was to provide insights into the potential benefits and limitations of digital technologies in promoting sustainable practices in the oil palm industry, and to identify key challenges that must be addressed to ensure that digitalization contributes to sustainable development in this sector. To obtain valuable insights on this topic, this review employed a thorough analysis and exploration of relevant literature. Our findings highlight the transformative potential of digital technologies such as precision agriculture, data analytics, blockchain, and robotics to optimize resource utilization, improving efficiency, promoting social welfare, improving supply chain transparency, mitigating environmental impacts, and enhancing sustainability in oil palm production. However, the adoption of these technologies is hindered by several challenges, including high cost, lack of knowledge, and inadequate infrastructure. Our findings emphasize the importance of supportive policies, collaborative efforts, and targeted research to promote technology adoption and ensure equitable benefits across the oil palm industry. Recommendations are provided for industry stakeholders, policymakers, and researchers to leverage digitalization effectively and promote sustainable practices in the oil palm industry, ultimately contributing to global sustainability goals.
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  • Article
    Wang L, Xu Y, Xiao L, Liu Y, Wang L, Zha S, Zhang S, Jin J.
    ACS Appl Mater Interfaces. 2024 Sep 25;16(38):50036-50044.
    Zinc-sulfur (Zn-S) batteries exhibit a high theoretical energy density, nontoxicity, and cost-effectiveness, demonstrating significant potential for integration into large-scale energy storage systems. However, the phenomenon of polysulfide (including dissolved S8 and Sx2-) shuttling is a major issue that results in rapid capacity decay and a short lifespan, limiting the practical performance of sulfur-based batteries. Herein, we fabricated an ionic covalent organic framework (iCOF) membrane as an active separator for the Zn-S battery. Sulfonic acid groups were introduced to the COF membrane, providing abundant negative charge sites in its pore wall. By combining size sieving and charge interaction between the polysulfide and pore wall, the iCOF membrane inhibited the crossover of polysulfides to the Zn metal anode without affecting the transport of metal ions. The Zn-S battery with the iCOF membrane as the separator shows a high-performance and low attenuation rate of 0.05% per cycle over 300 cycles at 2.5 A g-1. This study emphasizes the significance of separator design in enhancing Zn-S batteries and showcases the potential of functionalized framework materials for the development of high-performance energy storage systems.
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  • Article
    Moorwood C, Liu M, Tian Z, Barton ER.
    J Vis Exp. 2013 Jan 31(71):e50036.
    Critical to the evaluation of potential therapeutics for muscular disease are sensitive and reproducible physiological assessments of muscle function. Because many pre-clinical trials rely on mouse models for these diseases, isolated muscle function has become one of the standards for Go/NoGo decisions in moving drug candidates forward into patients. We will demonstrate the preparation of the extensor digitorum longus (EDL) and diaphragm muscles for functional testing, which are the predominant muscles utilized for these studies. The EDL muscle geometry is ideal for isolated muscle preparations, with two easily accessible tendons, and a small size that can be supported by superfusion in a bath. The diaphragm exhibits profound progressive pathology in dystrophic animals, and can serve as a platform for evaluating many potential therapies countering fibrosis, and promoting myofiber stability. Protocols for routine testing, including isometric and eccentric contractions, will be shown. Isometric force provides assessment of strength, and eccentric contractions help to evaluate sarcolemma stability, which is disrupted in many types of muscular dystrophies. Comparisons of the expected results between muscles from wildtype and dystrophic muscles will also be provided. These measures can complement morphological and biochemical measurements of tissue homeostasis, as well as whole animal assessments of muscle function.
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  • Article
    Gao L, Guo C, Zhao M, Yang H, Ma X, Liu C, Liu X, Sun X, Wei Q.
    ACS Appl Mater Interfaces. 2021 Oct 27;13(42):50027-50036.
    The development of stable, low-cost, and highly efficient electrocatalysts for the N2 reduction reaction (NRR) process is challenging but crucial for ammonia production. Herein, we demonstrate the synthesis of pyrite nanoparticles wrapped by graphene oxide (FeS2@GO) acting as a highly efficient NRR catalyst in a wide pH range. The FeS2 nanoparticles are uniformly dispersed across the GO nanosheet, thus leading to the fine exposure of active sites, the promotion of charge transfer, and the increment of a contact surface area, which are all beneficial for a desired catalyst. In the meantime, the low-coordinated Fe atoms are activated as highly active sites, which is in favor of the enhanced electrochemical performance for the NRR. Furthermore, density functional theory (DFT) calculations illustrated that the high activity of N2 reduction over the FeS2@GO catalyst arises from the well-exposed Fe active sites and the increment of charge density at the valence band edge. Benefiting from the well-optimized interface, the barrier of the addition of the first hydrogen atom to N2 forming *NNH species as the potential-determining step is as low as 0.93 eV in N2 electroreduction. The electrochemical test results reveal that, as expected, FeS2@GO exhibits high Faradaic efficiencies (4.7% in 0.1 M HCl solution and 6.8% in 0.1 M Na2SO4 solution) and advanced NH3 yields (78.6 and 27.9 μg h-1 mgcat.-1 in 0.1 M HCl and 0.1 M Na2SO4 solutions, respectively) in both acid and neutral conditions. This work offers a new avenue for exploring novel electrocatalysts, which has great promise to accelerate the practical application of the NRR.
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  • Book
    Schwartzstein, Richard M.
    Digital Access
    Provider
    Version
    LWW Health Library (Anesthesiology)
    2024
    LWW Health Library (Critical Care)
    2024
  • Article
    U.S. Health Care Financing Administration.
    Fed Regist. 1983 Dec 16;48(243):50008-36.
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