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  • Book
    editors-in-chief, David M. Knipe, Peter M. Howley ; associate editors, Jeffrey I. Cohen, Diane E. Griffin, Robert A. Lamb, Malcolm A. Martin, Vincent R. Racaniello, Bernard Roizman.
    Contents:
    Virology: from contagium fluidum to virome
    Principles of virology
    Principles of virus structure
    Virus entry and uncoating
    Viral replication strategies
    Virus assembly
    Viruses, cell transformation, and cancer
    Innate responses to viral infections
    Adaptive immune response to viral infections
    Pathogenesis of viral infection
    Virus evolution
    Epidemiology
    Antiviral agents
    Immunization against viral diseases
    Diagnostic virology
    Picornaviridae: the viruses and their replication
    Enteroviruses: polioviruses, coxsackieviruses, echoviruses, and newer enteroviruses
    Rhinoviruses
    Hepatitis A virus
    Caliciviridae: the noroviruses
    Astroviruses
    Togaviridae
    Alphaviruses
    Rubella virus
    Flaviviridae
    Flaviviruses
    Hepatitis C virus
    Coronaviridae
    Arteriviruses
    Mononegavirales
    Rhabdoviridae
    Filoviridae: marbug and ebola viruses
    Paramyxoviridae
    Parainfluenza viruses
    Mumps virus
    Measles virus
    Henipaviruses
    Respiratory syncytial virus and metapneumovirus
    Bornaviridae
    Orthomyxoviridae
    Orthomyxoviruses
    Bunyaviridae
    Arenaviridae
    Orthoreoviruses
    Rotaviruses
    Orbiviruses
    Retroviridae
    Human t-cell leukemia virus types 1 and 2
    Human immunodeficiency viruses: replication
    HIV-1: pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, and treatment
    Nonhuman lentiviruses
    Foamy viruses
    Polyomaviruses
    Papillomaviruses
    Adenoviridae
    Adenoviruses
    Parvoviridae
    Circoviridae
    Herpesviridae
    Herpes simplex viruses
    Epstein-Barr virus
    Cytomegaloviruses
    Varicella-Zoster virus
    Human herpesviruses 6 and 7
    Kaposi's A. sarcoma-associated herpesvirus
    Poxiviridae
    Poxviruses
    Hepadnaviruses
    Hepatitis D (delta) virus
    Hepatitis E virus
    Mimivirus, other viruses infecting phagocytic protists, and their virophages
    Plants viruses
    Insect viruses
    Viruses and prions of yeasts, fungi, and unicellular eukaryotes
    Bacteriophages
    Prions.
    Digital Access Ovid 2013
  • Article
    Rajagopal J, Konaka Gautamdas S, Sivakumar G, Ramaraju K.
    Cureus. 2023 Oct;15(10):e48013.
    In India, tuberculosis (TB) has the second highest disease burden following diabetes mellitus. During the COVID-19 pandemic, there was a surge of several opportunistic infections. In this case series, we report five patients, including three adults and two adolescents, who have developed various forms of TB disease after symptomatic COVID-19 pneumonia. The average time for development of post-COVID TB was 48 days. Adolescent patients have developed disseminated TB, which can be due to COVID-19-induced immunological injury or its treatment-related immune suppression. All the adult patients had high CT severity scores (CTSS) and required the administration of intravenous steroids during their COVID-19 pneumonia. Various presentations of TB were secondary spontaneous pneumothorax, miliary TB, consolidation, and nodular infiltrates. One patient had a drug-induced liver injury, which complicated the treatment of that patient. Factors that may contribute to the development of post-COVID TB are diabetes mellitus, increased severity of COVID-19 pneumonia manifested by CTSS, and administration of intravenous steroids. Bidirectional screening of TB had to be done when patients present with symptoms of COVID-19 pneumonia.
    Digital Access Access Options
  • Article
    Marriott RJ, Harse J, Murray K, Yeap BB.
    BMJ Open. 2021 11 02;11(11):e048013.
    OBJECTIVES: The overall study aim is to clarify the relation of endogenous sex hormones with major health outcomes in men. This paper reports a systematic review focusing on published estimates for testosterone associations.
    SETTING: Community-dwelling men.
    PARTICIPANTS: 20 180 adult men participated in the final set of studies identified and selected from a systematic review. Eligible studies included prospective cohort studies with plasma or serum testosterone concentrations measured for adult men using mass spectrometry with at least 5 years of follow-up data and one of the specified outcome measures recorded. Only published or grey literature items written in English were considered.
    PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOME MEASURES: Planned prospective outcome measures: cardiovascular disease (CVD) events, CVD deaths, all-cause mortality, cancer deaths, cancer diagnoses, cognitive decline, dementia. Meta-analyses were of the most frequently reported outcomes in selected studies: CVD deaths and all-cause mortality. Succinct characterisations of testosterone associations with other outcomes are also presented.
    RESULTS: Screening of 1994 deduplicated items identified 9 suitable studies, with an additional 2 identified by colleagues (11 in total). Summary estimates of mean testosterone concentration and age at recruitment for 20 180 adult men were 15.4±0.7 nmol/L and 64.9±3.3 year. Despite considerable variation in mean testosterone, a metaregression estimated no significant dependence on mean age at recruitment among studies (slope=-0.03, 95% CI -0.11 to 0.06). Meta-analyses demonstrated negligible heterogeneity and no significant effect of a 5 nmol/L increase in testosterone on the risk of all-cause mortality (HR=0.96, 95% CI 0.89 to 1.03) or death from CVD (HR=0.95, 95% CI 0.83 to 1.08).
    CONCLUSIONS: Analyses of published estimates did not demonstrate associations of endogenous testosterone with CVD deaths or with all-cause mortality. Suggested further research includes the planned individual participant data meta-analyses for selected studies, enabling the investigation of non-linear summary effects.
    PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER: PROSPERO: CRD42019139668.
    Digital Access Access Options
  • Article
    Gostissa M, Morelli M, Mantovani F, Guida E, Piazza S, Collavin L, Brancolini C, Schneider C, Del Sal G.
    J Biol Chem. 2004 Nov 12;279(46):48013-23.
    p53 and its homologues p73 and p63 are transcription factors that play an essential role in modulating cell cycle arrest and cell death in response to several environmental stresses. The type and intensity of these responses, which can be different depending on the inducing stimulus and on the overall cellular context, are believed to rely on the activation of defined subsets of target genes. The proper activation of p53 family members requires the coordinated action of post-translational modifications and interaction with several cofactors. In this study, we demonstrate that the multifunctional protein hDaxx interacts with p53 and its homologues, both in vitro and in vivo, and modulates their transcriptional activity. Moreover, we show that hDaxx, which has been implicated in several apoptotic pathways, increases the sensitivity to DNA damage-induced cell death and that this effect requires the presence of p53. Although hDaxx represses p53-dependent transcription of the p21 gene, it does not affect the activation of proapoptotic genes, and therefore acts by influencing the balance between cell cycle arrest and proapoptotic p53 targets. Our results therefore underline the central role of hDaxx in modulating the apoptotic threshold upon several stimuli and identify it as a possible integrating factor that coordinates the response of p53 family members.
    Digital Access Access Options
  • Article
    Tang Y, George A, Taylor T, Hildreth JE.
    PLoS One. 2012;7(10):e48013.
    Membrane cholesterol plays an important role in replication of HIV-1 and other retroviruses. Here, we report that the gammaretrovirus XMRV requires cholesterol and lipid rafts for infection and replication. We demonstrate that treatment of XMRV with a low concentration (10 mM) of 2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (2OHpβCD) partially depleted virion-associated cholesterol resulting in complete inactivation of the virus. This effect could not be reversed by adding cholesterol back to treated virions. Further analysis revealed that following cholesterol depletion, virus-associated Env protein was significantly reduced while the virions remained intact and retained core proteins. Increasing concentrations of 2OHpβCD (≥20 mM) resulted in loss of the majority of virion-associated cholesterol, causing disruption of membrane integrity and loss of internal Gag proteins and viral RNA. Depletion of cholesterol from XMRV-infected cells significantly reduced virus release, suggesting that cholesterol and intact lipid rafts are required for the budding process of XMRV. These results suggest that unlike glycoproteins of other retroviruses, the association of XMRV glycoprotein with virions is highly dependent on cholesterol and lipid rafts.
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  • Article
    Schwechheimer C, Doll L, Wagenknecht HA.
    Curr Protoc Nucleic Acid Chem. 2018 03;72(1):4.80.1-4.80.13.
    Fluorescence molecular imaging is widely used to visualize and observe different biomolecules, in particular DNA and RNA, in vivo and in real time. Typically, DNA strands are tagged with only one fluorophore, and, in the case of molecular beacons, an additional quencher is conjugated, which bears the risk of false-positive or false-negative results because only fluorescence intensities at one fluorescence wavelength (color) are compared. To address this drawback, the concept of "DNA/RNA traffic lights," which is characterized by a fluorescence color change due to energy transfer between two dyes, was developed by our working group. For these DNA and RNA systems, the oligonucleotides are post-synthetically labeled, specifically after solid-phase synthesis by chemical means, with a fluorescent dye using copper(I)-catalyzed cycloaddition at the 2' position of single uridines. In order to functionalize oligonucleotides with several different labels, an on-resin method is required to ensure the necessary selectivity. This unit describes two different CuAAC ("click") approaches-in solution (post-synthetic) and on solid phase (during synthesis)-for the attachment of fluorophores to the 2' position of DNA. © 2018 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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  • Article
    Zhai Y, Li Y, Zhu Z, Zhu C, Du D, Lin Y.
    ACS Appl Mater Interfaces. 2019 Dec 26;11(51):48013-48020.
    Electrochromic windows (ECWs) become an appealing concept for green buildings. However, conventional ECWs need external biases to operate causing energy consumption and are usually restricted by monotonous color. Recently, electrochromic energy storage windows (EESWs) integrating the functions of electrochromism and energy storage in one device have attracted particular attention in various fields, such as self-powered addressable displays, human-readable batteries, and most importantly energy-efficient smart windows. Herein, a color-tunable (nonemissive-red-yellow-green) self-powered EESW is initially presented utilizing Prussian blue (PB) as a controller of the fluorescent component of CdSe quantum dots. The key design feature is that without any external stimuli, the EESW can be powered by a rechargeable "perpetual" battery, which is composed of two half-cell couples of Fe/PB and Prussian white (PW)/Pt. This technique allows to achieve only by switching the connection status of the two half-cells, the fast discharging and self-charging process of the EESWs with high and sustainable charge-storage capacity. Remarkably, the fabricated self-powered EESWs exhibit quick response ("off" 7 s, "on" 50 s), large transmittance spectra contrast, and high fluorescent contrast modulation (60-86%) over a wide optical range, and great reproducibility (only 3% of the modulation ratio decreased after 30 cycles), which is comparable to ECWs powered by an electrochemical potentiostat.
    Digital Access Access Options
  • Book
    editors-in-chief, Peter M. Howley, David M. Knipe ; associate volume editors, L.W. Enquist, Jeffrey I. Cohen, Eric O. Freed, Blossom Damania, Sean P.J. Whelan.
    Summary: "Now in four convenient volumes, Field's Virology remains the most authoritative reference in this fast-changing field, providing definitive coverage of virology, including virus biology as well as replication and medical aspects of specific virus families. This volume of Field's Virology: Fundamentals, Seventh Edition, edited by Drs. Peter Howley and David M. Knipe, along with volume associate editors Drs. Lynn Enquist, Jeffrey I. Cohen, Eric O. Freed, Blossom A. Damania, and Sean P. J. Whelan, focuses on the basic principles of virology and reflects recent advances in this dynamic field. Bundled with the eBook, which will be updated regularly as new information about each virus is available, this text serves as the authoritative, up-to-date reference book for virologists, infectious disease specialists, microbiologists, and physicians, as well as undergraduate and graduate students interested in virology." -- Provided by publisher.
    Digital Access LWW Health Library [2024]