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  • Article
    Alahmadi R, AlZahem TA, Semidey VA.
    Cureus. 2023 Feb;15(2):e34612.
    We report a case of a 62-year-old man who presented with blurred and distorted vision in both eyes. Fundus examination revealed a fibrous band-like membrane emanating from the disc to the foveal center in the right eye, aneurysmal gray parafoveal lesions in both eyes, and an inferotemporal peripheral vascular tumor in the right eye. The presence of an epiretinal membrane with vitreomacular traction in this patient has led to the diagnosis of an incidental peripheral vascular tumor. To our knowledge, there are no reports describing an association between macular telangiectasia type 2 and epiretinal membrane formation with vitreomacular traction due to a vasoproliferative tumor.
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  • Article
    Arrigoni R, Benzoni F, Terraneo TI, Caragnano A, Berumen ML.
    Sci Rep. 2016 10 07;6:34612.
    Reticulate evolution, introgressive hybridisation, and phenotypic plasticity have been documented in scleractinian corals and have challenged our ability to interpret speciation processes. Stylophora is a key model system in coral biology and physiology, but genetic analyses have revealed that cryptic lineages concealed by morphological stasis exist in the Stylophora pistillata species complex. The Red Sea represents a hotspot for Stylophora biodiversity with six morphospecies described, two of which are regionally endemic. We investigated Stylophora species boundaries from the Red Sea and the associated Symbiodinium by sequencing seven DNA loci. Stylophora morphospecies from the Red Sea were not resolved based on mitochondrial phylogenies and showed nuclear allele sharing. Low genetic differentiation, weak isolation, and strong gene flow were found among morphospecies although no signals of genetic recombination were evident among them. Stylophora mamillata harboured Symbiodinium clade C whereas the other two Stylophora morphospecies hosted either Symbiodinium clade A or C. These evolutionary patterns suggest that either gene exchange occurs through reticulate evolution or that multiple ecomorphs of a phenotypically plastic species occur in the Red Sea. The recent origin of the lineage leading to the Red Sea Stylophora may indicate an ongoing speciation driven by environmental changes and incomplete lineage sorting.
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  • Article
    Xu J, Li Y, Zhang M, Zhang S.
    Heliyon. 2024 Jul 30;10(14):e34612.
    The digital era is reshaping agricultural practices, opening new avenues for sustainable growth, and proving indispensable in global challenges like food security and environmental conservation. However, a comprehensive understanding of this evolving landscape remains paramount. This research evaluates 344 papers from the Web of Science database to delve into sustainable agriculture's historical and current patterns in the digital era through bibliometric analysis and project future domains. Specifically, citation analysis identified influential papers, journals, institutions, and countries, while co-authorship analysis verified the interactions between authors, affiliations, and countries. Co-citation analysis found four hotspot clusters: prosperity and challenges in agricultural sustainability, digital information and agricultural development, innovations for sustainable agriculture, and geospatial analysis in environmental studies. The co-occurrence of keywords analysis revealed four main clusters for future studies: smart agriculture and biodiversity conservation, digitalization and sustainable agriculture, technologies and agricultural challenge management, and digital intelligence and farmer adoption. The study pioneers the use of bibliometric analysis to explore sustainable agriculture in the digital era. It presents invaluable insights into the evolving landscape of this field, summarizing its hotspots and suggesting future trajectories.
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  • Article
    Zhang Y, Zhang L, Wu J, Di C, Xia Z.
    J Biol Chem. 2013 Nov 29;288(48):34612-26.
    Allergic asthma is conventionally considered as a Th2 immune response characterized by eosinophilic inflammation. Recent investigations revealed that Th17 cells play an important role in the pathogenesis of non-eosinophilic asthma (NEA), resulting in steroid-resistant neutrophilic airway inflammation. Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) has anti-inflammation, anti-oxidation, and anti-apoptosis functions. However, its role in NEA is still unclear. Here, we explore the role of HO-1 in a mouse model of NEA. HO-1 inducer hemin or HO-1 inhibitor tin protoporphyrin IX was injected intraperitoneally into ovalbumin-challenged DO11.10 mice. Small interfering RNA (siRNA) was delivered into mice to knock down HO-1 expression. The results show that induction of HO-1 by hemin attenuated airway inflammation and decreased neutrophil infiltration in bronchial alveolar lavage fluid and was accompanied by a lower proportion of Th17 cells in mediastinal lymph nodes and spleen. More importantly, induction of HO-1 down-regulated Th17-related transcription factor retinoic acid-related orphan receptor γt (RORγt) expression and decreased IL-17A levels, all of which correlated with a decrease in phosphorylated STAT3 (p-STAT3) level and inhibition of Th17 cell differentiation. Consistently, the above events could be reversed by tin protoporphyrin IX. Also, HO-1 siRNA transfection abolished the effect of hemin induced HO-1 in vivo. Meanwhile, the hemin treatment promoted the level of Foxp3 expression and enhanced the proportion of regulatory T cells (Tregs). Collectively, our findings indicate that HO-1 exhibits anti-inflammatory activity in the mouse model of NEA via inhibition of the p-STAT3-RORγt pathway, regulating kinetics of RORγt and Foxp3 expression, thus providing a possible novel therapeutic target in asthmatic patients.
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  • Article
    John A, O'Callaghan M, Catterwell R, Selth L.
    BMJ Open. 2020 03 24;10(3):e034612.
    INTRODUCTION: Positive surgical margins (PSM) in cancer patients are commonly associated with worse prognosis and a higher risk of secondary treatment. However, the relevance of this parameter in prostate cancer patients undergoing radical prostatectomy (RP) remains controversial, given the inconsistencies in its ability to predict biochemical recurrence (BCR) and oncological outcomes. Hence, further assessment of the utility of surgical margins for prostate cancer prognosis is required to predict these outcomes more accurately. Over the last decade, studies have used the Gleason score (GS) of positive margins to predict outcomes. Herein, the authors aim to conduct a systematic review investigating the role of GS of PSM after radical prostatectomy in predicting BCR and oncological outcomes.
    METHODS AND ANALYSIS: We will perform a search using MEDLINE, EMBASE, SCOPUS and COCHRANE databases. The review will be reported according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. We will screen titles and abstracts to select articles appropriate for full-text review. Studies discussing GS of PSM after RP will be included. Given the change in reporting of GS, only articles from 2005 to 2019 will be included. The quality of the studies chosen will be assessed using the Newcastle Ottawa tool for non-randomised and Cochrane risk of bias for randomised control studies. We will adopt the grading of recommendations, assessment, development and evaluation framework to comment on quality of cumulative evidence. The primary outcome measure will be time to BCR. Secondary outcome measures include secondary treatment, disease-specific survival, disease progression-free and overall mortality at follow-up period. We aim to perform a meta-analysis if the level of heterogeneity is acceptable (I2 <50%).
    ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: The review does not require ethics approval as it is a review of published literature. The findings of the review will be submitted for peer-reviewed publications and presented at scientific meetings.
    PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER: CRD42019131800.
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  • Article
    Lu Y, Ma L.
    Medicine (Baltimore). 2023 Aug 25;102(34):e34612.
    A clear bidirectional relationship exists between malignant cancers including breast cancer and different autoimmune diseases. However, none of the studies have assessed whether this association is causal and none have used Mendelian randomization for determining this relationship. This study therefore investigated the causal relationship between autoimmune diseases and breast cancer using the Mendelian randomization approach. Summary statistical data were obtained from genome-wide association studies to investigate the causal relationship between different autoimmune diseases including Graves' disease, Sjögren's syndrome, Crohn disease, systemic sclerosis, and psoriasis and breast cancer risk. The results revealed no strong evidence to support the causal relationship between Graves disease (odds ratio [OR] = 0.9958; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.9982-1.0035), Sjögren's syndrome (OR = 1.0018; 95% CI: 0.9950-1.0087), Crohn disease (OR = 2.1195, 95% CI: 0.1872-23.9978), systemic sclerosis (OR = 1.0024; 95% CI: 0.997-1.0079), and psoriasis (OR = 1.0016; 95% CI: 0.9913-1.0121) to breast cancer risk. A similar result was obtained in the reverse Mendelian randomization analysis. Our study provides evidence that autoimmune diseases might not have a causal relationship with breast cancer risk in the European population and concludes that shared genetic effects or environmental confounders.
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  • Article
    Mi XL, Hu L, Wan ZX, Wu BW, Wei B.
    Phys Rev E. 2024 Sep;110(3-1):034612.
    The liquid state thermophysical properties and amorphous solidification kinetics of Fe_{50-x}Co_{x}Cr_{14}Mo_{14}C_{9}B_{8}Tm_{5} (x=10, 15, 20, and 25) alloys were explored by electromagnetic and electrostatic levitation techniques. It was found that the surface tension of liquid alloys with Fe contents below 30 at. % had a strong temperature dependence. The high surface tension led to a sharp increase in the interfacial free-energy penalty. A high nucleation barrier was formed inside the melt, which greatly inhibited the nucleation rate. The liquid viscosity revealed the strong liquid feature of this alloy series, which became the dominant kinetic factor determining their solidification mechanisms. The high viscosity hindered atomic diffusion and delayed nucleation. The long crystallizing incubation time of Fe_{30}Co_{20}Cr_{14}Mo_{14}C_{9}B_{8}Tm_{5} ensured a strong glass-forming ability and a low critical cooling rate of 2.11×10^{3}Ks^{-1}. As a result, a bulk metallic glass rod with an 8-mm diameter was successfully prepared by a convenient casting procedure. This rod could remain in a glassy state at a higher temperature and over a wider temperature range due to its high glass-transition temperature and large undercooled liquid region. The apparent activation energy for nucleation was derived as 463.8 kJmol^{-1} according to the nonisothermal crystallization kinetics, indicating that the bulk metallic glass had to absorb a large amount of energy to overcome the potential barriers before nucleation and thus exhibited excellent thermal stability.
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  • Article
    Rjeb A, Ragheb AM, Esmail MA, Fathallah H, Alshebeili SA.
    Opt Express. 2022 Sep 12;30(19):34612-34628.
    Brillouin fiber sensors have demonstrated strong capability in discriminative and high-sensitivity multiparameter measurements. In this study, we proposed and numerically investigated novel ring core fiber-based stimulated Brillouin scattering for the simultaneous measurement of temperature and strain. The novel fiber, referred to as ring hyperbolic tangent (R-HTAN) fiber, is characterized by a shape parameter (α) that controls the optical refractive index and longitudinal acoustic velocity profiles. Numerical modal simulations indicated that the Brillouin gain spectrum contained multiple widely spaced and high-gain peaks, which were attributed to the strong interaction between the optical linearly polarized mode (i.e., LP0,1 as a pump wave) and multiple high-order longitudinal acoustic modes. The designed R-HTAN fiber enabled the discriminative sensing of temperature and strain with levels that clearly surpassed values recently reported in the literature. In case of straight R-HTAN fiber (α = 0), the maximum C(α=0)T and C(α=0)ε are 1.928 MHz/ ∘C and 0.087 MHz, respectively. In case of graded R-HTAN fiber (α = 1), the maximum C(α=1)T and C(α=1)ε are 1.872 MHz/ ∘C and 0.0842 MHz/μɛ, respectively. The errors associated with temperature measurements (maximum δT(α=0) = 0.0846 ∘C and maximum δT(α=1) = 7.4184 ∘C) and strain measurements (maximum δɛ(α=0) = 0.7250 μɛ and maximum δɛ(α=1) = 7.4184 μɛ) demonstrated that the proposed fiber could be a promising candidate for next-generation Brillouin sensing systems for enabling temperature and strain discrimination.
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  • Article
    Rafael EM, Tonti L, Daza FAG, Patti A.
    Phys Rev E. 2022 Sep;106(3-1):034612.
    By performing dynamic Monte Carlo simulations, we investigate the microrheology of isotropic suspensions of hard-core colloidal cuboids. In particular, we infer the local viscoelastic behavior of these fluids by studying the dynamics of a probe spherical particle that is incorporated in the host phase and is dragged by an external force. This technique, known as active microrheology, allows one to characterize the microscopic response of soft materials upon application of a constant force, whose intensity spans here three orders of magnitude. By tuning the geometry of cuboids from oblate to prolate as well as the system density, we observe different responses that are quantified by measuring the effective friction perceived by the probe particle. The resulting friction coefficient exhibits a linear regime at forces that are much weaker and larger than the thermal forces, whereas a nonlinear, force-thinning regime is observed at intermediate force intensities.
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  • Article
    Benzi R, Divoux T, Barentin C, Manneville S, Sbragaglia M, Toschi F.
    Phys Rev E. 2021 Sep;104(3-1):034612.
    Yield stress fluids (YSFs) display a dual nature highlighted by the existence of a critical stress σ_{y} such that YSFs are solid for stresses σ imposed below σ_{y}, whereas they flow like liquids for σ>σ_{y}. Under an applied shear rate γ[over ̇], the solid-to-liquid transition is associated with a complex spatiotemporal scenario that depends on the microscopic details of the system, on the boundary conditions, and on the system size. Still, the general phenomenology reported in the literature boils down to a simple sequence that can be divided into a short-time response characterized by the so-called "stress overshoot," followed by stress relaxation towards a steady state. Such relaxation can be either (1) long-lasting, which usually involves the growth of a shear band that can be only transient or that may persist at steady state or (2) abrupt, in which case the solid-to-liquid transition resembles the failure of a brittle material, involving avalanches. In the present paper, we use a continuum model based on a spatially resolved fluidity approach to rationalize the complete scenario associated with the shear-induced yielding of YSFs. A key feature of our model is to provide a scaling for the coordinates of the stress overshoot, i.e., stress σ_{M} and strain γ_{M} as a function of γ[over ̇], which shows good agreement with experimental and numerical data extracted from the literature. Moreover, our approach shows that the power-law scaling σ_{M}(γ[over ̇]) is intimately linked to the growth dynamics of a fluidized boundary layer in the vicinity of the moving boundary. Yet such scaling is independent of the fate of that layer, and of the long-term behavior of the YSF, i.e., whether the steady-state flow profile is homogeneous or shear-banded. Finally, when including the presence of "long-range" correlations, we show that our model displays a ductile to brittle transition, i.e., the stress overshoot reduces into a sharp stress drop associated with avalanches, which impacts the scaling σ_{M}(γ[over ̇]). This generalized model nicely captures subtle avalanche-like features of the transient shear banding dynamics reported in experiments. Our work offers a unified picture of shear-induced yielding in YSFs, whose complex spatiotemporal dynamics are deeply connected to nonlocal effects.
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  • Article
    Kotozaki Y, Kawashima R.
    PLoS One. 2012;7(4):e34612.
    On March 11, 2011, the Pacific side of Japan's northeast was devastated by an earthquake and tsunami. For years, many researchers have been working on ways of examining the psychological effects of earthquakes on survivors in disaster areas who have experienced aftershocks, catastrophic fires, and other damage caused by the earthquake. The goal of this study is to examine scores on psychological measures and salivary cortisol level in these individuals both before and three months after the earthquake. The participants had been measured for these variables before the earthquake. After the earthquake, we carried out PTSD screening using CAPS for participants for another experiment, and then again conducted the aforementioned tests. We collected saliva samples from all survivors. Our results show that social relationship scores on the WHO-QOL26, negative mood scores of the WHO-SUBI, total GHQ score, POMS confusion scores, and CMI emotional status score after the earthquake showed scores indicating significantly decreased compared to before the earthquake. On the other hand, salivary cortisol levels after the earthquake was significantly increased compared to before the earthquake. Moreover, the result of a multiple regression analysis found that negative mood score on the WHO-SUBI and social relationship score on the WHO-QOL26 were significantly related to salivary cortisol levels. Our results thus demonstrate that several psychological stress induced by the earthquake was associated with an increase in salivary cortisol levels. These results show similar findings to previous study. We anticipate that this study will provide a better understanding of posttraumatic responses in the early stages of adaptation to the trauma and expand effective prevention strategies and countermeasures for PTSD.
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  • Article
    Øvretveit K, Ingeström EML, Spitieris M, Tragante V, Thomas LF, Steinsland I, Brumpton BM, Gudbjartsson DF, Holm H, Stefansson K, Wisløff U, Hveem K.
    J Am Heart Assoc. 2024 Oct;13(19):e034612.
    BACKGROUND: The essential hypertension phenotype results from an interplay between genetic and environmental factors. The influence of lifestyle exposures such as excess adiposity, alcohol consumption, tobacco use, diet, and activity patterns on blood pressure (BP) is well established. Additionally, polygenic risk scores for BP traits are associated with clinically significant phenotypic variation. However, interactions between genetic and environmental risk factors in hypertension morbidity and mortality are poorly characterized.
    METHODS AND RESULTS: We used genotype and phenotype data from up to 49 234 participants from the HUNT (Trøndelag Health Study) to model gene-environment interactions between genome-wide polygenic risk scores for systolic BP and diastolic BP and 125 environmental exposures. Among the 125 environmental exposures assessed, 108 and 100 were independently associated with SBP and DBP, respectively. Of these, 12 interactions were identified for genome-wide PRSs for systolic BP and 4 for genome-wide polygenic risk scores for diastolic BP, 2 of which were overlapping (P < 2 × 10-4). We found evidence for gene-dependent influence of lifestyle factors such as cardiorespiratory fitness, dietary patterns, and tobacco exposure, as well as biomarkers such as serum cholesterol, creatinine, and alkaline phosphatase on BP.
    CONCLUSIONS: Individuals that are genetically susceptible to high BP may be more vulnerable to common acquired risk factors for hypertension, but these effects appear to be modifiable. The gene-dependent influence of several common acquired risk factors indicates the potential of genetic data combined with lifestyle assessments in risk stratification, and gene-environment-informed risk modeling in the prevention and management of hypertension.
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  • Article
    Zhang Q, Schierholz R, Dzieciol K, Yu S, Tempel H, Kungl H, Eichel RA.
    RSC Adv. 2021 Oct 25;11(55):34605-34612.
    Lithium titanium phosphate LiTi2(PO4)3 is an electrode material for lithium-ion batteries with a specific capacity of 138 mA h g-1. Owing to its potential of 2.5 V vs. Li/Li+ it provides an electrochemically stable interface when used as an anode in all-solid state batteries with NASICON type lithium aluminium titanium phosphate electrolyte. High performance has been identified for in situ carbon coated LiTi2(PO4)3 synthesized via a hydrothermal route, resulting in micro-scaled spindle shaped particles consisting of nano-scaled sub-particles. To elucidate the internal microstructure of these spindle-like particles in three dimensions we applied tomographic Focused Ion Beam - Scanning Electron Microscopy. For more detailed chemical analysis we performed electron-energy loss spectroscopy and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy in the scanning electron microscope as well as high resolution (scanning) transmission electron microscopy for structural insight. It could be clearly shown that the spindle-like particles mainly are made up of LiTi2(PO4)3 sub-particles in the 100 to 400 nm range. Additionally, two types of secondary phase materials were identified. LiTiOPO4, which shows different surface morphology, as a volume component of the spindles and TiO2 nanoparticles (anatase), which are not only present at the particle surface but also inside the spindle, were detected. Reconstruction from tomography reveals the nanoparticles form a three-dimensionally interconnected network even though their phase fraction is low.
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  • Article
    Qi X, Chen W, Zhang J.
    RSC Adv. 2020 Sep 16;10(57):34612-34620.
    A series of sulfur-doped spherical activated carbon (SAC) catalysts were prepared with phenyl disulfide (C12H10S2) as a sulfur source for acetylene hydrochlorination. The S-doped catalyst exhibits preferable catalytic performance compared to that of the blank carrier with the reaction conditions of GHSV of 90 h-1 and at 180 °C. The catalysts were characterized by N2 adsorption/desorption (BET), elemental analysis (EA), thermogravimetric analysis (TG), temperature-programmed desorption (TPD), Raman spectrum (Raman) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The results indicate that the presence of sulfur species is favorable to promote the ability of reactant adsorption and inhibit carbon deposition. In addition, the electronic and chemical properties of catalysts were investigated by density functional theory (DFT) simulation. It is illustrated that the introduction of sulfur species can not only change the spin density and charge density but also create more active sites on a carrier. The single sulfur doped carbon material catalysts were designed for the first time and the desirable results make it a green catalyst for the industrial application of acetylene hydrochlorination.
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  • Article
    Fed Regist. 1989 Aug 21;54(160):34612-6.
    In accordance with the requirements of the Privacy Act of 1974, we are proposing to establish a new system of records, "Drug Bill Processor Records on Medicare Prescription Drug Beneficiaries," HHS/HCFA/BPO No. 09-70-0528. We have provided background information about the proposed system in the "Supplementary Information" section below. Although the Privacy Act requires that only the "routine uses" portion of the system be published for comment, HCFA invites comments on all portions of this notice.
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  • Article
    Kumar SC, Thakur AK, Raj RAJJ, Natarajan SK.
    Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2023 Mar;30(12):34612-34622.
    The need for non-renewable fuels is steadily decreasing with their ever-increasing cost and air pollution. As a result, renewable fuel such as biofuel is used as a fuel substitute for diesel engines. The effects of magnesia and alumina nanoparticles on the exhaust pollutants and performance of a naturally aspirated, 17.5 compression ratio, 4-stroke CI engine operating on spirulina microalgae biodiesel, and its amalgams were explored. Oxides of nitrogen, thermal efficiency, carbon dioxide, fuel consumption, and hydrocarbons were among the attributes studied. Test outcomes revealed that the doping of magnesia and alumina nano additives in spirulina biodiesel resulted in increased thermal efficiency and oxides of nitrogen, succeeded by a decrease in fuel consumption and hydrocarbons, at all loads, compared to amalgams without nano additives. At maximum load, the increase in thermal efficiency and oxides of nitrogen was found to be 1.15 and 1.46% with nano magnesia-doped blends when compared to corresponding spirulina blends. On the other, hand when nano alumina is doped in spirulina amalgams, the increase in thermal efficiency and oxides of nitrogen was observed to be 0.82 and 0.97%, respectively. Similarly, fuel consumption and hydrocarbons were reduced by 1.02 and 9.52%, 1.014, and 7.66%%, respectively, for magnesia and alumina-enriched biodiesel, contrasted to that of biodiesel blends.
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  • Article
    Ščevková J, Hrabovský M, Kováč J, Rosa S.
    Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2019 Nov;26(33):34603-34612.
    Fungal spores are an important cause of allergic respiratory diseases worldwide. However, little is known about the intradiurnal pattern of spore concentrations of different fungal spore types in the air of the urban area. In this study, we evaluated bihourly variation in spore concentration of eight predominant fungal spore types in the atmosphere of Bratislava city (Agrocybe, Alternaria, Cladosporium, Coprinus, Exosporium, Epicoccum, Ganoderma, Leptosphaeria) with the aim to understand the relationships between the spore concentrations against associated environmental variables. Spore samples were collected using a Hirst-type volumetric aerospore trap from January to December 2016. Alternaria, Cladosporium, Epicoccum and Exosporium peaked during the daytime period between 10:00 and 16:00, while for Agrocybe, Ganoderma, Coprinus and Leptosphaeria, the nighttime peaks (20:00 and 04:00) were observed. Effect of a complex of environmental variables on bihourly concentrations of selected airborne fungal spore taxa was evaluated through multiple regression analysis. Air temperature, wind speed, sunshine duration and precipitation were positively associated with daytime spore types, while the association with nighttime spores was negative. In contrast, relative air humidity influenced negatively Exosporium daytime spore type but positively the Leptosphaeria nighttime spore type. Moreover, a circadian cycle of light and darkness was considered as an important predictor of nighttime spore levels. Among the atmospheric pollutants, PM10 was positively associated with all analysed daytime spores, while except for Leptosphaeria, O3 was negatively associated with nighttime spore types. NO2 and PM10 had mixed effects on nighttime spore levels. In general, air temperature, PM10 and wind speed were environmental parameters with great influence on airborne fungal spore concentration, being present in eight, seven and four regression models, respectively. Constructed regression models which the best explained variation in fungal spore concentrations were those for Ganoderma (R2 = 0.38) and Alternaria (R2 = 0.31).
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  • Article
    Wu K, Cui J, Yi J, Liu X, Ning F, Liu Y, Zhang J.
    ACS Appl Mater Interfaces. 2022 Aug 03;14(30):34612-34619.
    Owing to the inherent properties of aqueous electrolytes, aqueous zinc-ion batteries are considered to be a promising energy storage system. Unfortunately, the water-induced issues, such as hydrogen evolution and corrosion reaction, inevitably occur on the Zn anode surface during cycling, which leads to poor electrochemical performance. The gel polymer electrolyte would reduce the parasitic reactions associated with water. However, the nondegradable polymer is harmful to the environment. Herein, with the aim to alleviate the serious issues derived from water and environmental problems, a biodegradable gum arabic has been proposed to serve as a hydrogel electrolyte for aqueous zinc-ion batteries. The electrochemical activity of water could be reduced by the hydrogen-bond network between the gum arabic and water. Thus, the corrosion and hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) can be restrained by employing the prepared gel electrolyte. Evidenced by the online mass spectrometry, it is found that the less produced H2 is detected in the biodegradable gel electrolyte-based Zn||Zn symmetric cell during the processes of Zn plating/stripping, showing the inhibited HER. Moreover, the by-product on the Zn anode is barely observed during cycling when using the obtained gel electrolyte. Uniform zinc-ion distribution can be achieved to mitigate Zn dendrite growth in the gel electrolyte. Therefore, the Zn||Zn symmetric cell based on the gel electrolyte exhibits a long lifespan of more than 1300 h, which is longer than that in the aqueous electrolyte. Moreover, the Zn||LiFePO4 hybrid ion battery based on the gel electrolyte shows improved capacity retention by suppressing the reactions related to water.
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  • Article
    Huang J, Yu X, Xie J, Li CZ, Zhang Y, Xu D, Tang Z, Cui C, Yang D.
    ACS Appl Mater Interfaces. 2016 Dec 21;8(50):34612-34619.
    Organic-inorganic halide perovskite solar cells have attracted great attention in recent years. But there are still a lot of unresolved issues related to the perovskite solar cells such as the phenomenon of anomalous hysteresis characteristics and long-term stability of the devices. Here, we developed a simple three-layered efficient perovskite device by replacing the commonly employed PCBM electrical transport layer with an ultrathin fulleropyrrolidinium iodide (C60-bis) in an inverted p-i-n architecture. The devices with an ultrathin C60-bis electronic transport layer yield an average power conversion efficiency of 13.5% and a maximum efficiency of 15.15%. Steady-state photoluminescence (PL) and time-resolved photoluminescence (TRPL) measurements show that the high performance is attributed to the efficient blocking of holes and high extraction efficiency of electrons by C60-bis, due to a favorable energy level alignment between the CH3NH3PbI3 and the Ag electrodes. The hysteresis effect and stability of our perovskite solar cells with C60-bis become better under indoor humidity conditions.
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  • Book
    edited by Carly Meyer, Nerina Scarinci, Louise Hickson.
    Contents:
    Principles and outcomes of patient- and family-centered care / Carly Meyer, Nerina Scarinci, Caitlin Barr
    Getting ready to be a patient- and family-centered clinician / Caitlin Barr
    Getting the environment ready for patient- and family-centered care / Nerina Scarinci, Carly Meyer
    Planning a patient- and family-centered approach to service delivery / Carly Meyer, Nerina Scarinci
    Identifying patient and family member needs through assessment / Louise Hickson, Tanya Rose, Nerina Scarinci, Carly Meyer
    Meeting patient and family member needs through collaborative management planning / Louise Hickson
    Consideration of cultural and linguistic diversity in patient- and family-centered care / Nerina Scarinci, Carly Meyer, Leanne Sorbello.
    Digital Access Thieme MedOne ComSci [2019]