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  • Article
    Acharjee A, Okyere D, Nath D, Nagar S, Gkoutos GV.
    Heliyon. 2024 May 30;10(10):e31437.
    Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a deadly disease that typically manifests late patient presentation and poor outcomes. Furthermore, PDAC recurrence is a common challenge. Distinct patterns of PDAC recurrence have been associated with differential activation of immune pathway-related genes and specific inflammatory responses in their tumour microenvironment. However, the molecular associations between and within cellular components that underpin PDAC recurrence require further development, especially from a multi-omics integration perspective. In this study, we identified stable molecular associations across multiple PDAC recurrences and utilised integrative analytics to identify stable and novel associations via simultaneous feature selection. Spatial transcriptome and proteome datasets were used to perform univariate analysis, Spearman partial correlation analysis, and univariate analyses by Machine Learning methods, including regularised canonical correlation analysis and sparse partial least squares. Furthermore, networks were constructed for reported and new stable associations. Our findings revealed gene and protein associations across multiple PDAC recurrence groups, which can provide a better understanding of the multi-layer disease mechanisms that contribute to PDAC recurrence. These findings may help to provide novel association targets for clinical studies for constructing precision medicine and personalised surveillance tools for patients with PDAC recurrence.
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  • Article
    Evbayekha EO, Okobi OE, Okobi T, Ibeson EC, Nwafor JN, Ozobokeme OE, Olawoye A, Ngoladi IA, Boms MG, Habib FA, Oyelade BO, Okoroafor CC, Chukwuma VN, Alex KB, Ohikhuai EE.
    Cureus. 2022 Nov;14(11):e31437.
    Hypertension is the most common modifiable risk factor for cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. In the last two decades, the guidelines have evolved tremendously from areas with no recommendations for screening or treatment to targeted recommendations for some at-risk groups. We sought to go through the literature that provided guidelines for the management of hypertension at any point in time over the last 22 years from 2000 to 2022. We searched four databases: PubMed, Embase, Google Scholar, and Cochrane, using specified search terms. The keywords used were "hypertension" and "guidelines." We combined them using the Boolean operators (AND, OR) and searched for articles. A total of 2461 publications were initially identified; 348 publications were excluded after screening for full-text availability. The full-text articles were further filtered based on title and abstract screening. Following this, a total of 1443 articles were excluded. The remaining 670 full-text articles were assessed for eligibility. Of the 670 full-text articles, 480 were excluded based on exclusion criteria, and following the full-text article screening, 190 articles met the final inclusion criteria. Most of these guideline evolutions concerned establishing and adjusting thresholds for the subgroups of the elderly population and patients with diabetic kidney disease, chronic kidney disease, and stroke. Furthermore, the medications of choice are now guided by the stage of disease, presence or absence of comorbidities, and other relevant information, as opposed to ethnicity, which was previously a heavy yardstick for medication choice.
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  • Article
    Li Z, Kono H.
    Sci Rep. 2016 08 16;6:31437.
    Nucleosome breathing potentially increases the DNA exposure, which in turn recruits DNA-binding protein and regulates gene transcription. Numerous studies have shown the critical roles of N-terminal tails of histones H3 and H4 in gene expression; however, few studies have focused on the H2A C-terminal tail. Here we present thorough computational studies on a single nucleosome particle showing the linker DNA closing and opening, which is thought to be nucleosome breathing. With our simulation, the H2A C-terminal and H3 N-terminal tails were found to modulate the nucleosome conformation differently. The H2A C-terminal tail regulates nucleosome conformation by binding to linker DNA at different locations, whereas the H3 N-terminal tail regulates linker DNA by binding to it in different patterns. Further MD simulation on tail truncated structures corroborates this analysis. These findings replenish our understanding of the histone tail regulation mechanism on atomic level.
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  • Article
    Daalderop LA, de Groot MW, van der Meer L, Steegers EAP, Bertens LCM.
    BMJ Open. 2019 09 27;9(9):e031437.
    INTRODUCTION: Research focusing on the associations between non-medical determinants and unfavourable perinatal health outcomes is increasing. Despite increasing knowledge on this theme, it still remains unclear to what extent social, environmental and lifestyle factors contribute to these unfavourable outcomes. Therefore, we aim to provide a systematic review, preferably with meta-analysis, in order to provide insight into the associations between non-medical determinants and perinatal mortality, preterm birth and being small for gestational age (SGA).
    METHODS AND ANALYSIS: Observational studies performed in European countries studying the associations between non-medical determinants and unfavourable perinatal health outcomes will be included. Primary outcomes of interest are perinatal mortality, preterm birth and SGA. To retrieve potential eligible articles, a systematic literature search was performed in the following online databases on 5 October 2018: MEDLINE, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane and Google Scholar. Additionally, a reference list check and citation search will be performed. Data of the included articles will be extracted using a standardised and piloted data extraction form. Risk of bias will be assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. The study selection and data extraction process will be performed by two reviewers independently. Disagreements will be resolved through discussion with a third reviewer. The pooled effects will be calculated separately for each association found between one of the outcome measures and the non-medical determinants using a random effects model. Heterogeneity of the studies will be assessed using the I2 statistic.
    ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: No ethical approval is necessary for a systematic review with meta-analysis. The findings will be published in a peer-reviewed journal.
    PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER: CRD42018056105.
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  • Article
    Simper J.
    J Eur CME. 2016;5(1):31437.
    On 11-12 September 2015, the fourth annual Cologne Consensus Conference (CCC) was held in Cologne, Germany. The 2-day educational event was organised by the European Cardiology Section Foundation (ECSF) and the European Board for Accreditation in Cardiology (EBAC), a specialty continuing medical education-continuing professional development (CME-CPD) accreditation board of the European Union of Medical Specialists (UEMS). The conference was again planned in cooperation with an impressive group of international organisations and faculty members representing leading European and North American institutions. Each year, the CCC is organised around a specific topic area. For the conference's fourth iteration, the providers in accredited CME/CPD were the focus. The CCC 2015 set out to share ideas, discuss concepts, and increase collaborations amongst the various groups. This report provides a summary of the presentations and discussions from the educational event.
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  • Article
    Ishikawa Y, Bächinger HP.
    J Biol Chem. 2013 Nov 01;288(44):31437-46.
    Collagen biosynthesis occurs in the rough endoplasmic reticulum, and many molecular chaperones and folding enzymes are involved in this process. The folding mechanism of type I procollagen has been well characterized, and protein disulfide isomerase (PDI) has been suggested as a key player in the formation of the correct disulfide bonds in the noncollagenous carboxyl-terminal and amino-terminal propeptides. Prolyl 3-hydroxylase 1 (P3H1) forms a hetero-trimeric complex with cartilage-associated protein and cyclophilin B (CypB). This complex is a multifunctional complex acting as a prolyl 3-hydroxylase, a peptidyl prolyl cis-trans isomerase, and a molecular chaperone. Two major domains are predicted from the primary sequence of P3H1: an amino-terminal domain and a carboxyl-terminal domain corresponding to the 2-oxoglutarate- and iron-dependent dioxygenase domains similar to the α-subunit of prolyl 4-hydroxylase and lysyl hydroxylases. The amino-terminal domain contains four CXXXC sequence repeats. The primary sequence of cartilage-associated protein is homologous to the amino-terminal domain of P3H1 and also contains four CXXXC sequence repeats. However, the function of the CXXXC sequence repeats is not known. Several publications have reported that short peptides containing a CXC or a CXXC sequence show oxido-reductase activity similar to PDI in vitro. We hypothesize that CXXXC motifs have oxido-reductase activity similar to the CXXC motif in PDI. We have tested the enzyme activities on model substrates in vitro using a GCRALCG peptide and the P3H1 complex. Our results suggest that this complex could function as a disulfide isomerase in the rough endoplasmic reticulum.
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  • Article
    Huang Y, Wang X, Yan C, Li C, Zhang L, Zhang L, Liang E, Liu T, Mao J.
    Medicine (Baltimore). 2022 Oct 28;101(43):e31437.
    BACKGROUND: Whether metformin is related to nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is controversial. Our aim was to investigate the relationship between metformin and NAFLD that may predict the metformin potential of these lesions and new prevention strategies in NAFLD patients.
    METHODS: The meta-analysis was analyzed by Revman 5.3 softwares systematically searched for works published through July 29, 2022. Network pharmacology research based on databases, Cytoscape 3.7.1 software and R software respectively.
    RESULTS: The following variables were associated with metformin in NAFLD patients: decreased of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) level (mean difference [MD] = -10.84, 95% confidence interval [CI] = -21.85 to 0.16, P = .05); decreased of aspartate amino transferase (AST) level (MD = -4.82, 95% CI = -9.33 to -0.30, P = .04); decreased of triglyceride (TG) level (MD = -0.17, 95% CI = -0.26 to -0.08, P = .0002); decreased of total cholesterol (TC) level (MD = -0.29, 95% CI = -0.47 to -0.10, P = .003); decreased of insulin resistance (IR) level (MD = -0.42, 95% CI = -0.82 to -0.02, P = .04). In addition, body mass index (BMI) (MD = -0.65, 95% CI = -1.46 to 0.16, P = .12) had no association with metformin in NAFLD patients. 181 metformin targets and 868 NAFLD disease targets were interaction analyzed, 15 core targets of metformin for the treatment of NAFLD were obtained. The effect of metformin on NAFLD mainly related to cytoplasm and protein binding, NAFLD, hepatitis B, pathway in cancer, toll like receptor signaling pathway and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The proteins of hypoxia inducible factor-1 (HIF1A), nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor (NFE2L2), nitric oxide synthase 3 (NOS3), nuclear receptor subfamily 3 group C member 1 (NR3C1), PI3K catalytic subunit alpha (PIK3CA), and silencing information regulator 2 related enzyme 1 (SIRT1) may the core targets of metformin for the treatment of NAFLD.
    CONCLUSION: Metformin might be a candidate drug for the treatment of NAFLD which exhibits therapeutic effect on NAFLD patients associated with ALT, AST, TG, TC and IR while was not correlated with BMI. HIF1A, NFE2L2, NOS3, NR3C1, PIK3CA, and SIRT1 might be core targets of metformin for the treatment of NAFLD.
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  • Article
    Harsman A, Niemann M, Pusnik M, Schmidt O, Burmann BM, Hiller S, Meisinger C, Schneider A, Wagner R.
    J Biol Chem. 2012 Sep 07;287(37):31437-45.
    Mitochondria are of bacterial ancestry and have to import most of their proteins from the cytosol. This process is mediated by Tom40, an essential protein that forms the protein-translocating pore in the outer mitochondrial membrane. Tom40 is conserved in virtually all eukaryotes, but its evolutionary origin is unclear because bacterial orthologues have not been identified so far. Recently, it was shown that the parasitic protozoon Trypanosoma brucei lacks a conventional Tom40 and instead employs the archaic translocase of the outer mitochondrial membrane (ATOM), a protein that shows similarities to both eukaryotic Tom40 and bacterial protein translocases of the Omp85 family. Here we present electrophysiological single channel data showing that ATOM forms a hydrophilic pore of large conductance and high open probability. Moreover, ATOM channels exhibit a preference for the passage of cationic molecules consistent with the idea that it may translocate unfolded proteins targeted by positively charged N-terminal presequences. This is further supported by the fact that the addition of a presequence peptide induces transient pore closure. An in-depth comparison of these single channel properties with those of other protein translocases reveals that ATOM closely resembles bacterial-type protein export channels rather than eukaryotic Tom40. Our results support the idea that ATOM represents an evolutionary intermediate between a bacterial Omp85-like protein export machinery and the conventional Tom40 that is found in mitochondria of other eukaryotes.
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  • Article
    Vilcaes AA, Demichelis VT, Daniotti JL.
    J Biol Chem. 2011 Sep 09;286(36):31437-46.
    Gangliosides are acidic glycosphingolipids that contain sialic acid residues and are expressed in nearly all vertebrate cells. They are synthesized at the Golgi complex by a combination of glycosyltransferase activities followed by vesicular delivery to the plasma membrane, where they participate in a variety of physiological as well as pathological processes. Recently, a number of enzymes of ganglioside anabolism and catabolism have been shown to be associated with the plasma membrane. In particular, it was observed that CMP-NeuAc:GM3 sialyltransferase (Sial-T2) is able to sialylate GM3 at the plasma membrane (cis-catalytic activity). In this work, we demonstrated that plasma membrane-integrated ecto-Sial-T2 also displays a trans-catalytic activity at the cell surface of epithelial and melanoma cells. By using a highly sensitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay combined with confocal fluorescence microscopy, we observed that ecto-Sial-T2 was able to sialylate hydrophobically or covalently immobilized GM3 onto a solid surface. More interestingly, we observed that ecto-Sial-T2 was able to sialylate GM3 exposed on the membrane of neighboring cells by using both the exogenous and endogenous donor substrate (CMP-N-acetylneuraminic acid) available at the extracellular milieu. In addition, the trans-activity of ecto-Sial-T2 was considerably reduced when the expression of the acceptor substrate was inhibited by using a specific inhibitor of biosynthesis of glycolipids, indicating the lipidic nature of the acceptor. Our findings provide the first direct evidence that an ecto-sialyltransferase is able to trans-sialylate substrates exposed in the plasma membrane from mammalian cells, which represents a novel insight into the molecular events that regulate the local glycosphingolipid composition.
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  • Article
    Kramer A, Ludwig Y, Shahin V, Oberleithner H.
    J Biol Chem. 2007 Oct 26;282(43):31437-43.
    Nuclear pore complexes (NPCs) are supramolecular nanomachines that mediate the exchange of macromolecules and inorganic ions between the nucleus and the cytosol. Although there is no doubt that large cargo is transported through the centrally located channel, the route of ions and small molecules remains debatable. We thus tested the hypothesis that there are two separate pathways by imaging NPCs using atomic force microscopy, NPC electrical conductivity measurements, and macromolecule permeability assays. Our data indicate a spatial separation between the active transport of macromolecules through the central channel and the passive transport of ions and small macromolecules through the pore periphery.
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  • Article
    Thompson C, Trushina E, Fairweather D, Block D, Wang Z, Foster N, Steien D, Galardy P, Al-Huniti A.
    Pediatr Blood Cancer. 2024 Nov 11:e31437.
    OBJECTIVE: Iron and other biologically important metals are essential to mitochondrial function but are not routinely evaluated. Their equilibrium is critical to the optimal performance of cells with high metabolic activity such as neurons, cardiomyocytes, and skeletal myocytes. Teenagers are at a high risk of iron deficiency even without anemia. Metal ion imbalances can cause cognitive impairments, muscle weakness, and sudden cardiac death. We aim to assess the current prevalence of iron deficiency among collegiate athletes in the Upper Midwest.
    METHODS: Our study is a multicenter, retrospective chart review of outpatient clinics in a regional healthcare system between January 2012 and December 2023, and a national public database between 2017 and March 2020. We reviewed the ferritin concentrations of regional collegiate athletes having preparticipation sport evaluations and nationally in the NHANES database.
    RESULTS: We identified 643 unique individuals aged 16-21 years with 253 having ferritin screening. Iron deficiency (ferritin <20 mcg/L) was present in 24.5% and hypoferritinemia (ferritin <50 mcg/L) was present in 66.7% of collegiate athletes. From the NHANES database, 12.7% of active sampled participants aged 16-21 years were iron deficient.
    CONCLUSION: Our study findings suggest the need for universal screening for iron deficiency among collegiate athletes given the high prevalence of iron deficiency in both the retrospective chart review and NHANES database analysis. Given the critical role of metal ion homeostasis to optimal mitochondrial function, these findings may warrant the inclusion of ferritin testing in cardiac, neurological, and skeletal muscle evaluations.
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  • Article
    Liu H, Yu M, Sun K, Zheng J, Wang J, Liu H, Feng H, Liu Y, Han D.
    J Cell Physiol. 2024 Dec;239(12):e31437.
    Enamel protects teeth from external irritation and its formation involves sequential differentiation of ameloblasts, a dental epithelial cell. Keratinocyte differentiation factor 1 (KDF1) is important in the development of epithelial tissues and organs. However, the specific role of KDF1 in enamel formation and corresponding regulatory mechanisms are unclear. This study demonstrated that KDF1 was persistently expressed in all stages of ameloblast differentiation, through RNAscope in situ hybridization. KDF1 expression in the mouse ameloblast cell line LS8 was demonstrated via immunofluorescence assay. KDF1 was knocked out in LS8 cells using the CRISPR/Cas-9 system or overexpressed in LS8 cells through lentiviral infection. In vitro ameloblast differentiation induction, quantitative reverse transcription PCR, western blot analysis, and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) assay indicated that knockout or overexpression of KDF1 in LS8 cells decreased or increased the mRNA and protein levels of several key amelogenesis markers, as well as ALP activity. Furthermore, liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry and co-immunoprecipitation analyses revealed that KDF1 can interact with the IKK complex, thereby inhibiting the NF-κB pathway. Suppressing NF-κB activity partially recovered the decreased ameloblast differentiation in LS8 cells induced by KDF1-knockout. This study demonstrated that KDF1 can promote ameloblast differentiation of LS8 cells by inhibiting the IKK/IκB/NF-κB axis, and is a potential target for functional enamel regeneration.
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  • Article
    Kinjo AR, Nakamura H.
    PLoS One. 2012;7(2):e31437.
    Most biological processes are described as a series of interactions between proteins and other molecules, and interactions are in turn described in terms of atomic structures. To annotate protein functions as sets of interaction states at atomic resolution, and thereby to better understand the relation between protein interactions and biological functions, we conducted exhaustive all-against-all atomic structure comparisons of all known binding sites for ligands including small molecules, proteins and nucleic acids, and identified recurring elementary motifs. By integrating the elementary motifs associated with each subunit, we defined composite motifs that represent context-dependent combinations of elementary motifs. It is demonstrated that function similarity can be better inferred from composite motif similarity compared to the similarity of protein sequences or of individual binding sites. By integrating the composite motifs associated with each protein function, we define meta-composite motifs each of which is regarded as a time-independent diagrammatic representation of a biological process. It is shown that meta-composite motifs provide richer annotations of biological processes than sequence clusters. The present results serve as a basis for bridging atomic structures to higher-order biological phenomena by classification and integration of binding site structures.
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  • Article
    Azimi Z, Alimohammadian M, Sohrabi B.
    ACS Omega. 2024 Jul 23;9(29):31427-31437.
    Graphene quantum dots (GQDs) are very precious, widely used, and face significant challenges in preparation methods. In this study, three mechanical methods are investigated for the preparation of GQDs. All of these methods are green, cost-effective, and simple. In fact, Graphite, as a main source of GQDs, is exfoliated and fragmented under mechanical forces by sonication and ball milling. This mechanical exfoliation method is effective for converting large flakes of graphite into quantum dots. Additionally, the proposed methods are simple and faster than other top-down GQD fabrication methods. High-power sonication is applied to graphene flakes by using the liquid-phase exfoliation method. The liquid phase consists of ethanol and water, which are completely eco-friendly. Exfoliation and fragmentation of graphene flakes are performed using different sonication and ball-milling times. The obtained results from the analysis of the synthesized GQDs exhibit pristine graphene's distinct structural, chemical, and optical properties. Several analyses, such as X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, were applied to study the product structure. Dynamic light scattering (DLS) and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) were used to examine product size and morphology, which confirmed the nanosize of GQDs. The smallest observed size of GQDs is approximately 23 nm. It is estimated that 95% of the nanoparticles are between 0.001 and 0.1 μm in size (41 nm). The optical properties of GQDs were investigated by using ultraviolet-visible and photoluminescence (PL) techniques. The PL peak wavelength is approximately 610 nm. Eventually, the results proved that the combined use of two methods, ultrasonication and ball milling during liquid-phase exfoliation, will be a simple, cheap, and suitable method for the production of GQDs.
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  • Article
    Kim YM, Kim TH, Seol DW, Talanian RV, Billiar TR.
    J Biol Chem. 1998 Nov 20;273(47):31437-41.
    It is now known that caspase-3-like protease activation can promote Bcl-2 cleavage and mitochondrial cytochrome c release and that these events can lead to further downstream caspase activation. NO has been proposed as a potent, endogenous inhibitor of caspase-3-like protease activity. Experiments were carried out to determine whether NO could interrupt Bcl-2 cleavage or cytochrome c release by the inhibition of caspase activity linking these events. NO inhibited the capacity of purified caspase-3 to cleave recombinant Bcl-2. Both Bcl-2 cleavage and cytochrome c release were inhibited in tumor necrosis factor alpha- and actinomycin D-treated MCF-7 cells exposed to NO donors. The NO-mediated inhibition of Bcl-2 cleavage and cytochrome c release occurred in association with an inhibition of apoptosis and caspase-3-like activation. Thus, NO suppresses a key step in the positive feedback amplification of apoptotic signaling by preventing Bcl-2 cleavage and cytochrome c release.
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  • Article
    Bao M, Booth JL, Elmendorf BJ, Canfield WM.
    J Biol Chem. 1996 Dec 06;271(49):31437-45.
    UDP-N-acetylglucosamine:lysosomal-enzyme N-acetylglucosamine-1-phosphotransferase (GlcNAc-phosphotransferase) catalyzes the initial step in the synthesis of the mannose 6-phosphate determinant required for efficient intracellular targeting of newly synthesized lysosomal hydrolases to the lysosome. The enzyme was partially purified approximately 30,000-fold by chromatography of solubilized membrane proteins from lactating bovine mammary glands on DEAE-Sepharose, reactive green 19-agarose, and Superose 6. The partially purified enzyme was used to generate a panel of murine monoclonal antibodies. The anti-GlcNAc-phosphotransferase monoclonal antibody PT18 was coupled to a solid support and used to immunopurify the enzyme approximately 480,000-fold to apparent homogeneity with an overall yield of 29%. The purified enzyme has a specific activity of 10-12 micromol of GlcNAc phosphate transferred per h/mg using 100 mM alpha-methylmannoside as acceptor. The subunit structure of the enzyme was determined using a combination of analytical gel filtration chromatography, sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and amino-terminal sequencing. The data indicate that bovine GlcNAc-phosphotransferase is a 540,000-Da complex composed of disulfide-linked homodimers of 166,000- and 51,000-Da subunits and two identical, noncovalently associated 56,000-Da subunits.
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  • Article
    Meng C, Tang A, Cong P, Dai T, Geng Y, Zhou E.
    ACS Appl Mater Interfaces. 2024 Jun 19;16(24):31428-31437.
    Exploring the structure-performance relationship of high-voltage organic solar cells (OSCs) is significant for pushing material design and promoting photovoltaic performance. Herein, we chose a D-π-A type polymer composed of 4,8-bis(thiophene-2-yl)-benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b']dithiophene (BDT-T) and benzotriazole (BTA) units as the benchmark to investigate the effect of the fluorination number and position of the polymers on the device performance of the high-voltage OSCs, with a benzotriazole-based small molecule (BTA3) as the acceptor. F00, F20, and F40 are the polymers with progressively increasing F atoms on the D units, while F02, F22, and F42 are the polymers with further attachment of F atoms to the BTA units based on the above three polymers. Fluorination positively affects the molecular planarity, dipole moment, and molecular aggregations. Our results show that VOC increases with the number of fluorine atoms, and fluorination on the D units has a greater effect on VOC than on the A unit. F42 with six fluorine atom substitutions achieves the highest VOC (1.23 V). When four F atoms are located on the D units, the short-circuit current (JSC) and fill factor (FF) plummet, and before that, they remain almost constant. The drop in JSC and FF in F40- and F42-based devices may be attributed to inefficient charge transfer and severe charge recombination. The F22:BTA3 system achieves the highest power conversion efficiency of 9.5% with a VOC of 1.20 V due to the excellent balance between the photovoltaic parameters. Our study provides insights for the future application of fluorination strategies in molecular design for high-voltage organic photovoltaics.
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  • Article
    Feng W, Wu W, Zhao Z, Gomez JY, Orme CJ, Tang W, Bian W, Priest C, Stewart FF, Jin C, Ding D.
    ACS Appl Mater Interfaces. 2023 Jul 05;15(26):31430-31437.
    Thin solid oxide films are crucial for developing high-performance solid oxide-based electrochemical devices aimed at decarbonizing the global energy system. Among various methods, ultrasonic spray coating (USC) can provide the throughput, scalability, quality consistency, roll-to-roll compatibility, and low material waste necessary for scalable production of large-sized solid oxide electrochemical cells. However, due to the large number of USC parameters, systematic parameter optimization is required to ensure optimal settings. However, the optimizations in previous literature are either not discussed or not systematic, facile, and practical for scalable production of thin oxide films. In this regard, we propose an USC optimization process assisted with mathematical models. Using this method, we obtained optimal settings for producing high-quality, uniform 4 × 4 cm2 oxygen electrode films with a consistent thickness of ∼27 μm in 1 min in a facile and systematic way. The quality of the films is evaluated at both micrometer and centimeter scales and meets desirable thickness and uniformity criteria. To validate the performance of USC-fabricated electrolytes and oxygen electrodes, we employ protonic ceramic electrochemical cells, which achieve a peak power density of 0.88 W cm-2 in the fuel cell mode and a current density of 1.36 A cm-2 at 1.3 V in the electrolysis mode, with minimal degradation over a period of 200 h. These results demonstrate the potential of USC as a promising technology for scalable production of large-sized solid oxide electrochemical cells.
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  • Book
    [edited by] Ryan C. Branski, Sonja M. Molfenter.
    Summary: Speech-Language Pathology Casebook by Ryan Branski, Sonja Molfenter, and an impressive array of contributors presents a diverse spectrum of cases covering communication, voice, and swallowing disorders in children and adults. Readers are provided with rich and varied narratives underscoring the fact that clinical intervention of speech-language disorders is an art form based on science. Evidence-based assessments and treatments cover a variety of settings including medical inpatient, outpatient, and skilled nursing facility; home health; school; community-based; and private practice. Eighty cases following a standardized format encompass a wide range of congenital and acquired disorders spanning the age continuum. Each case includes a clinical history and description, evaluations/testing, diagnosis, treatment, outcomes, questions and answers, suggested readings, and references. With invaluable firsthand insights from practitioners, this unique resource enhances the ability to develop effective, patient-informed interventions.
    Digital Access Thieme MedOne ComSci [2020]
  • Article
    Zang M, Gong J, Luo L, Zhou J, Xiang X, Huang W, Huang Q, Luo X, Olbrot M, Peng Y, Chen C, Luo Z.
    J Biol Chem. 2008 Nov 14;283(46):31429-37.
    Raf kinases are essential for regulating cell proliferation, survival, and tumorigenesis. However, the mechanisms by which Raf is activated are still incompletely understood. Phosphorylation plays a critical role in Raf activation in response to mitogens. The present study characterizes phosphorylation of Ser338, a crucial event for Raf-1 activation. Here we report that mutation of Lys375 to Met diminishes phosphorylation of Ser338 on both wild type Raf-1 in cells treated with epidermal growth factor (EGF) or 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) and a constitutively active mutant in which Tyr340/Tyr341 are replaced by 2 aspartic acids, a conserved substitution present in natural B-Raf. The loss of Ser338 phosphorylation in these Raf mutants is not engendered by a mutation-induced conformational change, inasmuch as mutation of another site (Ser471 to Ala) in the activation segment also abolishes Ser338 phosphorylation, whereas both the kinase-dead mutants of Raf-1 are phosphorylated well by active Pak1. Furthermore, our data demonstrate that EGF-stimulated phosphorylation of Ser338 is inhibited by Sorafenib, a Raf kinase inhibitor, but not by the MEK inhibitor U0126. Interestingly, a kinase-dead mutation and Sorafenib also markedly reduce phosphorylation of Ser445 on B-Raf, a site equivalent to Raf-1 Ser338. Finally, our data reveal that Ser338 is phosphorylated on inactive Raf-1 by an active mutant of Raf-1 when they are dimerized in cells and that artificial dimerization of Raf-1 causes Ser338 phosphorylation, accompanied by activation of ERK1/2. Altogether, our data suggest that Ser338 on Raf-1 is autophosphorylated in response to mitogens.
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