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  • Article
    Xu H, Zhu J, Wang B.
    Sensors (Basel). 2015 May 14;15(5):11277-94.
    Coverage and connectivity are two important performance metrics in wireless sensor networks. In this paper, we study the sensor placement problem to achieve both coverage and connectivity. Instead of using the simplistic disk coverage model, we use our recently proposed confident information coverage model as the sensor coverage model. The grid approach is applied to discretize the sensing field, and our objective is to place the minimum number of sensors to form a connected network and to provide confident information coverage for all of the grid points. We first formulate the sensor placement problem as a constrained optimization problem. Then, two heuristic algorithms, namely the connected cover formation (CCF) algorithm and the cover formation and relay placement with redundancy removal (CFRP-RR) algorithm, are proposed to find the approximate solutions for the sensor placement problem. The simulation results validate their effectiveness, and the CCF algorithm performs slightly better than the CFRP-RR algorithm.
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  • Article
    Qin N, Ma Z, Wang C, Zhang E, Li Y, Huang M, Chen C, Zhang C, Fan J, Gu Y, Xu X, Yang L, Wei X, Yin R, Jiang Y, Dai J, Jin G, Xu L, Hu Z, Shen H, Ma H.
    Theranostics. 2020;10(24):11264-11277.
    Rationale: As the transcriptional products of active enhancers, enhancer RNAs (eRNAs) are essential for the initiation of tumorigenesis. However, the landscape and functional characteristics of eRNAs in Chinese lung adenocarcinoma, and the clinical utility of eRNA-based molecular subtypes remain largely unknown. Methods: A genome-wide profiling of eRNAs was performed in 80 Chinese lung adenocarcinoma patients with RNA-seq data. Functional eRNAs and associated genes were identified between paired adenocarcinoma and adjacent samples. Unsupervised clustering of functional eRNAs was conducted and the associations with molecular characteristics and clinical outcomes were accessed by integrating whole-genome sequencing data and clinical data. Additionally, 481 lung adenocarcinoma patients were used for the validation based on The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) dataset. Results: A total of 3297 eRNAs with sufficient expression were identified, which were globally upregulated in adenocarcinoma samples compared to matched-adjacent pairs (P = 7.61×10-3). Further analyses indicated that these upregulated eRNAs were correlated with copy number amplification (CNA) status (Cor = 0.22, P = 0.045), and eRNA-correlated genes were primarily involved in cell cycle and immune system-related pathways. Based on the co-expression analysis of eRNAs with protein-coding genes, we defined 188 functional eRNAs and their correlated genes were overrepresented in cancer driver genes (ER = 1.98, P = 5.95×10-12) and clinically-actionable genes (ER = 2.19, P = 3.44×10-4). The eRNA-based consensus clustering further identified a novel molecular subtype with immune deficiency and a high-level of genomic alterations, which was associated with poor clinical outcomes of lung adenocarcinoma patients (OS: HR = 1.91, P = 0.015; PFI: HR = 1.64, P = 0.034). Conclusions: The genome-wide identification and characterization of eRNAs reveal novel regulators for the development of lung cancer, which provides a new biological dimension for the understanding of eRNAs during lung carcinogenesis and emphasize the clinical utility of eRNA-based molecular subtypes in the treatment of lung adenocarcinoma.
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  • Article
    Jiang Z, Chen H, Su M, Wu L, Yu X, Liu Z.
    Bioengineered. 2021 12;12(2):11277-11287.
    A great many microRNAs (miRNAs) have been reported to play different roles in human cancers, including gastric cancer (GC). However, the specific character of miR-23a-3p in GC has not been elucidated. This study was to explore the function of miR-23a-3p in GC. The results manifested that miR-23a-3p was down-regulated in GC and patients with reduced miR-23a-3p had poor prognosis. Functional experiments assured that elevated miR-23a-3p refrained GC proliferation, invasion, migration, PIK3/Akt phosphorylation and apoptosis, while knockdown miR-23a-3p accelerated the growth of GC. Double luciferase report experiments manifested that miR-23a-3p targeted CCL22 expression. Functional rescue experiments affirmed that the repression of elevated miR-23a-3p on GC was reversed by simultaneous augmented CCL22. In vivo, elevated miR-23a-3p restrained the volume and tumor of GC and reduced the expression of CCL22 and phosphorylated PIK3/Akt, while knockdown miR-23a-3p motivated tumor growth. In conclusion, the results of this study indicate that miR-23a-3p plays a repressive role in GC, and affects the progression of GC via down-regulating CCL22 and blocking PI3K/AKT signal transduction pathway, which may offer a new molecular target for clinical treatment of GC.
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  • Article
    Puszczalowska-Lizis E, Lukasiewicz A, Lizis S, Omorczyk J.
    PeerJ. 2021;9:e11277.
    BACKGROUND: Properly fitted shoes can support the development of growing feet and prevent problems and pathologies, not only in childhood, but also in adulthood. This points to the need to conduct research on the impact of shoe fitting on the structure of the foot in order to raise awareness and importance of this problem, to enable proper decisions regarding the purchase and use of shoes. The aim of this study was to analyze indoor footwear fit and its impact on foot structure in 7-year-old schoolchildren.
    METHODS: The CQ-ST podoscope and the Clevermess device were used for measurements. The analysis was carried out using the Mann Whitney U test, Wilcoxon signed-rank test, Chi-square test, regression analysis.
    RESULTS: About 40% of girls and boys had shoes that were incorrectly fitted in length, while as many as 74% of girls and 66% of boys wore shoes that were incorrectly fitted in width. Regression analysis demonstrated a statistically significant influence of the footwear length on longitudinal arch of the right and left foot and the transverse arch of the right foot. In boys, the length of the shoes shows associations with the right and left hallux valgus angle.
    CONCLUSION: A significant percentage of the studied 7-year-olds, regardless of gender, wears inappropriately fitted shoes. In both sexes, the length of the footwear influenced the longitudinal arch of the right and left foot and the transverse arch of the right foot. Due to the deformity of the first metatarsophalangeal joint, the boys with hallux valgus require footwear which is wider and therefore their shoes need to be bigger in size.
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  • Article
    Takeda T, Shonaka T, Adachi Y, Otani M, Ohara M, Tani C, Kita K, Hasegawa K, Sumi Y.
    Heliyon. 2022 Nov;8(11):e11277.
    Objective: How does making origami cranes under a dry box affect Fundamentals of Laparoscopic Surgery (FLS) scores in medical students?
    Design: Four medical students from Asahikawa Medical University (tertiary hospital) participated. They made origami cranes under a dry box (origami crane training) five days per week for four weeks. The time required to make each origami crane (origami crane time) and degree of completion were evaluated. FLS scores were measured before training and on days 5, 10, 15, and 20. We examined the relationship between "origami crane training" and FLS scores.
    Results: At the beginning of the experiment, none of the participants could complete the origami crane, but they were able to complete it in 31 ± 7 min on day 20. The Total FLS score was 164 ± 48 before the start of training, and 1107 ± 112 on day 20. The average scores of the students closely approached the Proficiency Level for the FLS tasks of peg transfer, loop ligation and extracorporeal ligation (103→228, 61→137, 0→259). The change over time in the average of the increase in Total FLS Score (difference from the first time and each week's score) improved significantly in four weeks (P < 0.01).
    Conclusions: Origami crane training improved the medical students' FLS scores. We thought that origami crane training mainly enhanced hand-eye coordination and bi-hand coordination.
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  • Article
    Kumar N, Strikwerda AC, Fan K, Zhang X, Averitt RD, Planken PC, Adam AJ.
    Opt Express. 2012 May 07;20(10):11277-87.
    We report on direct measurements of the magnetic near-field of metamaterial split ring resonators at terahertz frequencies using a magnetic field sensitive material. Specifically, planar split ring resonators are fabricated on a single magneto-optically active terbium gallium garnet crystal. Normally incident terahertz radiation couples to the resonator inducing a magnetic dipole oscillating perpendicular to the crystal surface. Faraday rotation of the polarisation of a near-infrared probe beam directly measures the magnetic near-field with 100 femtosecond temporal resolution and (λ/200) spatial resolution. Numerical simulations suggest that the magnetic field can be enhanced in the plane of the resonator by as much as a factor of 200 compared to the incident field strength. Our results provide a route towards hybrid devices for dynamic magneto-active control of light such as isolators, and highlight the utility of split ring resonators as compact probes of magnetic phenomena in condensed matter.
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  • Article
    Gallego Hiroyasu EM, Laje R, Nomura K, Spiousas I, Hayashi MJ, Yotsumoto Y.
    Sci Rep. 2023 07 12;13(1):11277.
    The Blursday database is a collection of data obtained online from a longitudinal study where participants were asked to participate in several behavioral tasks and questionnaires during the COVID-19 pandemic from their homes. In this study, we analyzed the published data to explore (1) the longitudinal changes in temporal cognition observed from the data collected in the home-based setting (2), the effects of the voluntary quarantine measures implemented in Japan on temporal cognition, (3) whether the participant's temporal cognition is altered by the change in their psychological state or their cognitive abilities, and (4) whether the effects of the quarantine measures depend on the age of the individual. Results show that confinement measures were good predictors for the performance in both spontaneous finger-tapping task and paced finger-tapping task, though these were dependent on the age of the participant. In addition, cognitive scores were good predictors of the performance in the paced finger-tapping task but not the spontaneous finger-tapping task. Overall, this study provides evidence suggesting changes in both psychological, cognitive, and temporal cognition during the pandemic on the Japanese population despite its voluntary measures to deal with the new situation.
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  • Article
    Luo Y, Liu T, Zhu J, Kong L, Wang W, Tan L.
    Anal Chem. 2015 Nov 17;87(22):11277-84.
    Thrombomodulin (TM), an integral glycoprotein on the surface of endothelial cells, can be released during endothelial cell injury and the levels of serum TM are regarded as an important parameter of activity in vasculitides in vivo. Quantitative detection of TM and investigation on the release of soluble thrombomodulin (sTM) by the injured HUVEC-C cells using quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) were achieved in this work. Anti-antibody (AAb) and bovine serum albumin (BSA) were bound on gold nanoparticles (GNPs) to construct BSA-GNPs-AAb nanocomposites and they were characterized by transmission electron microscope, UV-vis, and infrared spectrophotometry, respectively. The capture of the nanocomposites on the TM antibody modified electrode, which was tested by scanning electron microscope, could result in a great decrease of the resonant frequency (f0). This binding was effectively inhibited by the beforehand immobilized TM proteins on the electrode surface due to the strong steric hindrance effect. It led to the decrease of the frequency changing extent. The relative frequency-shift was found to be proportional to the logarithm of the TM concentration from 10 to 5000 ng mL(-1) with a detection limit of 2 ng mL(-1). By analyzing the growth medium used for cell incubation, the release of sTM by the injured HUVEC-C cells in the presence of H2O2 was confirmed. The sTM amount in the growth medium was increased with the enhancement of contact time of the cells with H2O2, proving that sTM may serve as a specific marker of endothelial cell injury.
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  • Article
    Marvi M, Ghadiri M.
    Sci Rep. 2022 07 04;12(1):11277.
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  • Article
    Khan NS, Shah Q, Sohail A, Ullah Z, Kaewkhao A, Kumam P, Zubair S, Ullah N, Thounthong P.
    Sci Rep. 2021 May 28;11(1):11277.
    The current study characterizes the effects of Hall current, Arrhenius activation energy and binary chemical reaction on the rotating flow of hybrid nanofluid in two double disks. By the use of suitable similarity transformations, the system of partial differential equations and boundary conditions for hybrid nanofluid are transformed to ordinary differential equations which are solved through optimal homotopy analysis method. The intensified magnetic field and hybrid nanofluid performances are represented in three dimensional model with flow, heat and mass transfer. Radial velocity decreases and tangential velocity increases with the Hall parameter. Temperature rises with high values of rotation parameter while it decreases with the Prandtl number. Nanoparticles concentration enhances with the increments in Arrhenius activation energy parameter and stretching parameter due to lower disk. There exists a close and favorable harmony in the results of present and published work.
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  • Article
    El-Roz M, Bazin P, Daturi M, Thibault-Starzyk F.
    Phys Chem Chem Phys. 2015 May 07;17(17):11277-83.
    This work is a mechanistic study of total and partial methanol photooxidation using operando FTIR coupled to gas phase analysis techniques (gas-IR and MS). Methoxy and formate/formyl species play a key role in the reaction. Methoxy species are formed by thermal and photochemical dissociation of methanol. The formation of methylformate is favored by a high surface coverage by methoxy species. Surface and/or bridged oxygen atoms are also important actors. Steady State Isotopic Transient Kinetic Analysis (SSITKA) experiments showed that the limiting step is the conversion of chemisorbed formyl/formate and that methylformate is a secondary product from a reaction between methoxy and neighboring formyl species. Methanol concentration, among other reaction parameters, influences greatly the selectivity of photooxidation.
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  • Article
    Choyke SJ, Blau SM, Larner AA, Sarjeant AN, Yeon J, Halasyamani PS, Norquist AJ.
    Inorg Chem. 2009 Dec 07;48(23):11277-82.
    Two new noncentrosymmetric polar gallium fluorophosphates have been synthesized under mild hydrothermal conditions through the use of enantiomorphically pure sources of either R-2-methylpiperazine or S-2-methylpiperazine. A centrosymmetric analogue was also prepared using a racemic source of the amine. Novel [Ga(3)F(PO(4))(4)](n)(4n-) layers, constructed from [Ga(3)O(3)F(PO(4))(4)] building units, are observed in all three compounds. The use of racemic 2-methylpiperazine results in crystallographic disorder of the amines and creation of inversion centers, while using a single enantiomer destroys the inversion symmetry and orders the amines. Second harmonic generation measurements were performed on [(R)-C(5)H(14)N(2)](2)[Ga(3)F(PO(4))(4)] x 5.5 H(2)O and [(S)-C(5)H(14)N(2)](2)[Ga(3)F(PO(4))(4)] x 4.75 H(2)O, both of which display type 1 phase-matching capabilities and exhibit activities of approximately 50 x alpha-SiO(2). The structures of these compounds were determined using single crystal X-ray diffraction, infrared spectroscopy, and thermal analyses. [C(5)H(14)N(2)](2)[Ga(3)F(PO(4))(4)] x 5.25 H(2)O, a = 13.0863(5) A, c = 9.9023(4) A, trigonal, P-3 (No. 147), Z = 2; [(R)-C(5)H(14)N(2)](2)[Ga(3)F(PO(4))(4)] x 5.5 H(2)O, a = 13.0887(2) A, c = 29.9439(4) A, trigonal, P3(1) (No. 144), Z = 6; [(S)-C(5)H(14)N(2)](2)[Ga(3)F(PO(4))(4)] x 4.75 H(2)O, a = 13.0871(2) A, c = 29.8350(6) A, trigonal, P3(2) (No. 145), Z = 6.
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  • Article
    Feneck EM, Lewis PN, Meek KM.
    Sci Rep. 2019 08 02;9(1):11277.
    As the outer lens in the eye, the cornea needs to be strong and transparent. These properties are governed by the arrangement of the constituent collagen fibrils, but the mechanisms of how this develops in mammals is unknown. Using novel 3-dimensional scanning and conventional transmission electron microscopy, we investigated the developing mouse cornea, focusing on the invading cells, the extracellular matrix and the collagen types deposited at different stages. Unlike the well-studied chick, the mouse cornea had no acellular primary stroma. Collagen fibrils initially deposited at E13 from the presumptive corneal stromal cells, become organised into fibril bundles orthogonally arranged between cells. Extensive cell projections branched to adjacent stromal cells and interacted with the basal lamina and collagen fibrils. Types I, II and V collagen were expressed from E12 posterior to the surface ectoderm, and became widespread from E14. Type IX collagen localised to the corneal epithelium at E14. Type VII collagen, the main constituent of anchoring filaments, was localised posterior to the basal lamina. We conclude that the cells that develop the mouse cornea do not require a primary stroma for cell migration. The cells have an elaborate communication system which we hypothesise helps cells to align collagen fibrils.
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  • Article
    Baloch SR, Rafi MS, Junaid J, Shah M, Siddiq F, Ata-Ur-Rahman S, Zohaib Z.
    Cureus. 2020 Oct 31;12(10):e11277.
    BACKGROUND:  Tibia plateau fractures are most commonly managed with open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) technique, external fixation via minimally invasive technique are an excellent alternative. The aim of this study was to assess the results of tibia plateau fractures by using the Ilizarov external fixator. The analysis was done both clinically and radiologically.
    METHODOLOGY:  Some 72 patients with isolated tibia plateau fractures were brought to ED and clinics and assessed. The fractures were classified according to Schatzker Tibia Plateau Fracture classification, only Schatzker type III to VI were included using conventional X-rays. All patients for their tibia plateau fractures underwent surgical correction using Ilizarov technique with full weight bearing and knee range of motion allowed the next day. Patient follow-up up to one year was done. KOOS and self-appraisal were used to evaluate the knee pain and function.
    RESULTS:  All the fractures healed with 67 patients achieving a range of motion better than 0-100º. KOOS score shows that patients who had worse fracture patterns (Schatzker-V and VI) have worse global scores (p=0.002); still when managed with an Ilizarov it has been seen that these patients are able to maintain a moderately pain free knee (p=0.013) other aspects of the KOOS. Patients with higher BMI showed to have worsening fracture patterns with 20 out of the 30 overweight patients suffering Schatzker-V (66.67%). We experienced an extremely low rate of pin tract infections with only two debridements required.
    CONCLUSION:  Ilizarov external fixation method is a valuable alternative treatment with excellent clinical outcomes and early mobilization.
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  • Article
    Bock JO, Ortea I.
    Aging (Albany NY). 2020 06 23;12(12):11277-11286.
    Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by an outbreak of the severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in Wuhan, China, has led to an unprecedented health and economic crisis worldwide. To develop treatments that can stop or lessen the symptoms and severity of SARS-CoV-2 infection, it is critical to understand how the virus behaves inside human cells, and so far studies in this area remain scarce. A recent study investigated translatome and proteome host cell changes induced in vitro by SARS-CoV-2. Here, we use the publicly available proteomics data from this study to re-analyze the in vitro cellular consequences of SARS-CoV-2 infection by impact pathways analysis and network analysis. Notably, proteins linked to the inflammatory response, but also proteins related to chromosome segregation during mitosis, were found to be altered in response to viral infection. Upregulation of inflammatory response proteins is in line with the propagation of inflammatory reaction and lung injury that is observed in advanced stages of COVID-19 patients and which worsens with age.
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  • Article
    Martin-Alonso A, Cohen A, Quispe-Ricalde MA, Foronda P, Benito A, Berzosa P, Valladares B, Grau GE.
    Sci Rep. 2018 07 26;8(1):11277.
    Cerebral malaria (CM) is the most severe manifestation of infection with Plasmodium, however its pathogenesis is still not completely understood. microRNA (miRNA) have been an area of focus in infectious disease research, due to their ability to affect normal biological processes, and have been shown to play roles in various viral, bacterial and parasitic infections, including malaria. The expression of miRNA was studied following infection of CBA mice with either Plasmodium berghei ANKA (causing CM), or Plasmodium yoelii (causing severe but non-cerebral malaria (NCM)). Using microarray analysis, miRNA expression was compared in the brains of non-infected (NI), NCM and CM mice. Six miRNA were significantly dysregulated between NCM and CM mice, and four of these, miR-19a-3p, miR-19b-3p, miR-142-3p and miR-223-3p, were further validated by qPCR assays. These miRNA are significantly involved in several pathways relevant to CM, including the TGF-β and endocytosis pathways. Dysregulation of these miRNA during CM specifically compared with NCM suggests that these miRNA, through their regulation of downstream targets, may be vitally involved in the neurological syndrome. Our data implies that, at least in the mouse model, miRNA may play a regulatory role in CM pathogenesis.
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  • Article
    Fang Y, Guo S, Zhu C, Zhai Y, Wang E.
    Langmuir. 2010 Jul 06;26(13):11277-82.
    We demonstrate the use of cationic polyelectrolyte poly(diallyldimethyl ammonium chloride) (PDDA) functionalized graphene nanosheets (GNs) as the building block in the self-assembly of GNs/Au nanoparticles (NPs) heterostructure to enhance the electrochemical catalytic ability. To ensure the GNs were modified with PDDA successfully, we study the PDDA/GNs with atomic force microscopy (AFM) and zeta potential measurements on the roughness and zeta potential changes relative to those of unmodified GNs, respectively. Then, the citrate-capped Au NPs are employed as the other model particles to construct two-dimensional GNs/NPs heterostructure. Here, the use of PDDA modifiers not only alters the electrostatic charges of graphene, but also probably provides a convenient self-assembly approach to the hybridization of graphene. Furthermore, we employ the high-loading Au NPs on graphene (GN/Au-NPs) as the electrochemical enhanced material for H(2)O(2) sensing (as the model analyte). The wide linear ranges and low detection limits are obtained using the chronoamperometry technique at the GN/Au-NPs-modified glassy carbon electrode.
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  • Article
    Wolf R, Ni C, Nguyen T, Brynda M, Long GJ, Sutton AD, Fischer RC, Fettinger JC, Hellman M, Pu L, Power PP.
    Inorg Chem. 2007 Dec 24;46(26):11277-90.
    The effects of different terphenyl ligand substituents on the quintuple Cr-Cr bonding in arylchromium(I) dimers stabilized by bulky terphenyl ligands (Ar) were investigated. A series of complexes, ArCrCrAr (1-4; Ar = C6H2-2,6-(C6H3-2,6-iPr2)2-4-X, where X = H, SiMe3, OMe, and F), was synthesized and structurally characterized. Their X-ray crystal structures display similar trans-bent C(ipso)CrCrC(ipso) cores with short Cr-Cr distances that range from 1.8077(7) to 1.8351(4) A. There also weaker Cr-C interactions [2.294(1)-2.322(2) A] involving an C(ipso) of one of the flanking aryl rings. The data show that the changes induced in the Cr-Cr bond length by the different substituents X in the para positions of the central aryl ring of the terphenyl ligand are probably a result of packing rather than electronic effects. This is in agreement with density functional theory (DFT) calculations, which predict that the model compounds (4-XC6H4)CrCr(C6H4-4-X) (X = H, SiMe3, OMe, and F) have similar geometries in the gas phase. Magnetic measurements in the temperature range of 2-300 K revealed temperature-independent paramagnetism in 1-4. UV-visible and NMR spectroscopic data indicated that the metal-metal-bonded solid-state structures of 1-4 are retained in solution. Reduction of (4-F3CAr')CrCl (4-F3CAr' = C6H2-2,6-(C6H3-2,6-iPr2)2-4-CF3) with KC8 gave non-Cr-Cr-bonded fluorine-bridged dimer {(4-F3CAr')Cr(mu-F)(THF)}2 (5) as a result of activation of the CF3 moiety. The monomeric, two-coordinate complexes [(3,5-iPr2Ar*)Cr(L)] (6, L = THF; 7, L = PMe3; 3,5-iPr2Ar* = C6H1-2,6-(C6H-2,4,6-iPr3)2-3,5-iPr2) were obtained with use of the larger 3,5-Pri2-Ar* ligand, which prevents Cr-Cr bond formation. Their structures contain almost linearly coordinated CrI atoms, with high-spin 3d5 configurations. The addition of toluene to a mixture of (3,5-iPr2Ar*)CrCl and KC8 gave the unusual dinuclear benzyl complex [(3,5-iPr2Ar*)Cr(eta3:eta6-CH2Ph)Cr(Ar*-1-H-3,5-iPr2)] (8), in which a C-H bond from a toluene methyl group was activated. The electronic structures of 5-8 have been analyzed with the aid of DFT calculations.
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  • Article
    Karageorge KW, Wilson RR.
    Ecol Evol. 2017 12;7(24):11277-11291.
    Characterizing the mating systems of long-lived, economically important Pacific rockfishes comprising the viviparous Sebastes species flock is crucial for their conservation. However, direct assignment of mating success to sires is precluded by open, offshore populations and high female fecundity. We addressed this challenge by integrating paternity-assigned mating success of females with the adult sex ratio (ASR) of the population, male evolutionary responses to receptive females, and reproductive life history traits-in the framework of sexual selection theory-to assess the mating system of Sebastes melanops. Microsatellite parentage analysis of 17 pregnant females, 1,256 of their progeny, and 106 adults from the population yielded one to four sires per brood, a mean of two sires, and a female mate frequency distribution with a truncated normal (random) pattern. The 11 multiple paternity broods all contained higher median allele richness than the six single paternity broods (Wilcoxon test: W = 0, p < .001), despite similar levels of average heterozygosity. By sampling sperm and alleles from different males, polyandrous females gain opportunities to enhance their sperm supply and to lower the cost of mating with genetically incompatible males through reproductive compensation. A mean of two mates per mated female with a variance of one, an ASR = 1.2 females per male, and the expected population mean of 2.4 mates for mated males (and the estimated 35 unavailable sires), fits polygamous male mate frequency distributions that distinguish polygynandry and polyandrogyny mating systems, that is, variations of polygamy, but not polyandry. Inference for polygamy is consistent with weak premating sexual selection on males, expected in mid-water, schooling S. melanops, owing to polyandrous mating, moderately aggregated receptive females, an even ASR, and no territories and nests used for reproduction. Each of these characteristics facilitates more mating males and erodes conspicuous sexual dimorphism. Evaluation of male evolutionary responses of demersal congeners that express reproductively territorial behavior revealed they have more potential mechanisms for producing premating sexual selection, greater variation in reproductive success, and a reduced breeding effective population size of adults and annual effective size of a cohort, compared to S. melanops modeled with two mates per adult. Such divergence in behavior and mating system by territorial species may differentially lower their per capita birth rates, subsequent population growth, and slow their recovery from exploitation.
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  • Article
    Jiang L, Wang W, He Q, Wu Y, Lu Z, Sun J, Liu Z, Shao Y, Wang A.
    Sci Rep. 2017 09 12;7(1):11277.
    Oleic acid (OA), a main ingredient of Brucea javanica oil (BJO), is widely known to have anticancer effects in many tumors. In this study, we investigated the anticancer effect of OA and its mechanism in tongue squamous cell carcinoma (TSCC). We found that OA effectively inhibited TSCC cell proliferation in a dose- and time-dependent manner. OA treatment in TSCC significantly induced cell cycle G0/G1 arrest, increased the proportion of apoptotic cells, decreased the expression of CyclinD1 and Bcl-2, and increased the expression of p53 and cleaved caspase-3. OA also obviously induced the formation of autolysosomes and decreased the expression of p62 and the ratio of LC3 I/LC3 II. The expression of p-Akt, p-mTOR, p-S6K, p-4E-BP1 and p-ERK1/2 was significantly decreased in TSCC cells after treatment with OA. Moreover, tumor growth was significantly inhibited after OA treatment in a xenograft mouse model. The above results indicate that OA has a potent anticancer effect in TSCC by inducing apoptosis and autophagy via blocking the Akt/mTOR pathway. Thus, OA is a potential TSCC drug that is worthy of further research and development.
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