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- ArticleLiao T, Lin J, Su G, Lin B, Chen J.Nanoscale. 2015 May 07;7(17):7920-6.A theoretical model of a nanoscale spin-Seebeck power device (SSPD) is proposed based on the longitudinal spin-Seebeck effect in bilayers made of a ferromagnetic insulator and a normal metal. Expressions for the power output and thermal efficiency of the SSPD are derived analytically. The performance characteristics of the nanoscale SSPD are analyzed using numerical simulation. The maximum power output density and efficiency are calculated numerically. The effect of the spin Hall angle on the performance characteristics of the SSPD is analyzed. The choice of materials and the structure of the device are discussed. The optimum criteria of some key parameters of the SSPD, such as the power output density, efficiency, thickness of the normal metal, and the load resistance, are given. The results obtained here could provide a theoretical basis for the optimal design and operation of nanoscale SSPDs.
- ArticleChiang C, Zhang M, Wang D, Xiao T, Zhu L, Chen K, Huang J, Huang J, Zhu J, Li L, Chen C, Chen Y, Hu H, Jiang W, Zou Y, Wang T, Zheng D.Theranostics. 2020;10(17):7906-7920.Background: Capsaicin is an active compound found in plants of the Capsicum genus; it has a range of therapeutic benefits, including anti-tumor effects. Here we aimed to delineate the inhibitory effects of capsaicin on nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). Methods: The anti-cancer effects of capsaicin were confirmed in NPC cell lines and xenograft mouse models, using CCK-8, clonogenic, wound-healing, transwell migration and invasion assays. Co-immunoprecipitation, western blotting and pull-down assays were used to determine the effects of capsaicin on the MKK3-p38 axis. Cell proliferation and EMT marker expression were monitored in MKK3 knockdown (KD) or over-expression NPC cell lines treated with or without capsaicin. Finally, immunohistochemistry was performed on NPC specimens from NPC patients (n = 132) and the clinical relevance was analyzed. Results: Capsaicin inhibited cell proliferation, mobility and promoted apoptosis in NPC cells. Then we found that capsaicin directly targets p38 for dephosphorylation. As such, MKK3-induced p38 activation was inhibited by capsaicin. Furthermore, we found that capsaicin-induced inhibition of cell motility was mediated by fucokinase. Xenograft models demonstrated the inhibitory effects of capsaicin treatment on NPC tumor growth in vivo, and analysis of clinical NPC samples confirmed that MKK3 phosphorylation was associated with NPC tumor growth and lymphoid node metastasis. Conclusions: The MKK3-p38 axis represents a potential therapeutic target for capsaicin. MKK3 phosphorylation might serve as a biomarker to identify NPC patients most likely to benefit from adjunctive capsaicin treatment.
- ArticleGuo B, Chen C, Yang L, Zhu R.Bioengineered. 2021 12;12(1):7920-7928.We aimed to assess the effects of dexmedetomidine (DEX) on postoperative cognitive function of sleep deprivation (SD) rats based on changes in inflammatory response. Male rats were randomly divided into blank control (C), SD, DEX, and SD+DEX groups. The SD model was established through intraperitoneal injection of DEX. The escape latency was detected through Morris water maze test daily, and the mechanical withdrawal threshold and thermal withdrawal latency were detected for 8 d. The content of malondialdehyde (MDA) and activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) in hippocampus homogenate were determined, and the morphological changes in neurons were detected through Nissl staining. The concentration of interleukin-1β (IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and IL-6 in the hippocampus was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and the Rac1/protein kinase B (AKT)/nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) expressions were detected by Western blotting. The changes in immunofluorescence localization of NF-κB were observed by confocal microscopy. Compared with SD group, the escape latency was shortened, original platform-crossing times increased, MDA content declined, SOD activity rose, neurons were arranged orderly and number of Nissl bodies increased in the hippocampal CA1 region, levels of IL-1β, TNF-α, and IL-6 in the hippocampus decreased, Rac1/AKT/NF-κB expressions were down-regulated, and proportion of NF-κB entering the nucleus declined in SD+DEX group (P < 0.05). DEX can effectively alleviate postoperative hippocampal inflammation and improve cognitive function of SD rats. The ability of DEX to relieve oxidative stress of hippocampal neurons, restore damaged cells, and reduce hippocampal inflammation in SD rats may be related to the Rac1/AKT/NF-κB pathway.
- ArticleKhairy M, El-Safty SA, Shenashen MA, Elshehy EA.Nanoscale. 2013 Sep 07;5(17):7920-7.The highly toxic properties, bioavailability, and adverse effects of Pb(2+) species on the environment and living organisms necessitate periodic monitoring and removal whenever possible of Pb(2+) concentrations in the environment. In this study, we designed a novel optical multi-shell nanosphere sensor that enables selective recognition, unrestrained accessibility, continuous monitoring, and efficient removal (on the order of minutes) of Pb(2+) ions from water and human blood, i.e., red blood cells (RBCs). The consequent decoration of the mesoporous core/double-shell silica nanospheres through a chemically responsive azo-chromophore with a long hydrophobic tail enabled us to create a unique hierarchical multi-shell sensor. We examined the efficiency of the multi-shell sensor in removing lead ions from the blood to ascertain the potential use of the sensor in medical applications. The lead-induced hemolysis of RBCs in the sensing/capture assay was inhibited by the ability of the hierarchical sensor to remove lead ions from blood. The results suggest the higher flux and diffusion of Pb(2+) ions into the mesopores of the core/multi-shell sensor than into the RBC membranes. These findings indicate that the sensor could be used in the prevention of health risks associated with elevated blood lead levels such as anemia.
- ArticleCunze S, Kochmann J, Koch LK, Genthner E, Klimpel S.PeerJ. 2019;7:e7920.BACKGROUND: Zika is of great medical relevance due to its rapid geographical spread in 2015 and 2016 in South America and its serious implications, for example, certain birth defects. Recent epidemics urgently require a better understanding of geographic patterns of the Zika virus transmission risk. This study aims to map the Zika virus transmission risk in South and Central America. We applied the maximum entropy approach, which is common for species distribution modelling, but is now also widely in use for estimating the geographical distribution of infectious diseases.
METHODS: As predictor variables we used a set of variables considered to be potential drivers of both direct and indirect effects on the emergence of Zika. Specifically, we considered (a) the modelled habitat suitability for the two main vector species Aedes aegypti and Ae. albopictus as a proxy of vector species distributions; (b) temperature, as it has a great influence on virus transmission; (c) commonly called evidence consensus maps (ECM) of human Zika virus infections on a regional scale as a proxy for virus distribution; (d) ECM of human dengue virus infections and, (e) as possibly relevant socio-economic factors, population density and the gross domestic product.
RESULTS: The highest values for the Zika transmission risk were modelled for the eastern coast of Brazil as well as in Central America, moderate values for the Amazon basin and low values for southern parts of South America. The following countries were modelled to be particularly affected: Brazil, Colombia, Cuba, Dominican Republic, El Salvador, Guatemala, Haiti, Honduras, Jamaica, Mexico, Puerto Rico and Venezuela. While modelled vector habitat suitability as predictor variable showed the highest contribution to the transmission risk model, temperature of the warmest quarter contributed only comparatively little. Areas with optimal temperature conditions for virus transmission overlapped only little with areas of suitable habitat conditions for the two main vector species. Instead, areas with the highest transmission risk were characterised as areas with temperatures below the optimum of the virus, but high habitat suitability modelled for the two main vector species.
CONCLUSION: Modelling approaches can help estimating the spatial and temporal dynamics of a disease. We focused on the key drivers relevant in the Zika transmission cycle (vector, pathogen, and hosts) and integrated each single component into the model. Despite the uncertainties generally associated with modelling, the approach applied in this study can be used as a tool and assist decision making and managing the spread of Zika. - ArticleOrtiz Moreno AR, Li R, Wu K, Schirhagl R.Nanoscale. 2023 May 04;15(17):7920-7928.Lipid peroxidation is a process that occurs in cells when they are exposed to oxidative stress. During the process reactive oxygen species attack lipids within the lipid bilayers of cells. Since the products of lipid peroxidation are toxic and carcinogenic, it is important to understand where and how it occurs with nanoscale resolution. The radical intermediates of this process are particularly interesting since they are causing chain reactions damaging large parts of the lipid membranes in cells. However, they are also difficult to measure for the state of the art because they are short lived and reactive. Here, we study the lipid peroxidation of three artificial lipid bilayers on a diamonds substrate that can be used to study lipid peroxidation. In particular, we present a diamond quantum sensing method called T1-relaxometry that allows for in situ measurements and imaging of radical intermediates of lipid peroxidation in these membranes.
- ArticleNirmal GM, Ramachandran A.Soft Matter. 2016 Oct 14;12(38):7920-36.This paper numerically quantifies the dispersion of a solute, and in particular, the Taylor dispersion, in the pressure-driven flow of a non-colloidal suspension at moderately high volume fractions (0.2 to 0.5) through conduits of different cross-sectional shapes. An obvious intuition is that the Taylor dispersivity should increase owing to a decrease in the molecular diffusivity of the solute in the presence of particles impermeable to the solute; however, this is true only at low volume fractions. At higher volume fractions, three other physical effects become important, all of which lead to a reduction in Taylor dispersivity relative to a Newtonian fluid. The first is the blunting of the velocity profile resulting from particle migration into the low shear-stress regions, an effect that has been alluded to in the past by Roht et al. [J. Contam. Hydrol., 2013, 14, 10] and is important only at low Péclet numbers (Pe). At higher Pe, the two stronger effects are shear-induced solute self-diffusion, which arises due to shear-induced particle-particle interactions, and secondary convection, which is observed in non-axisymmetric cross-sections as a result of the second normal stress differences exhibited by concentrated suspensions. For a given volume fraction and cross-sectional geometry, a regime map, developed using a scaling analysis, delineates five regimes of dispersion involving one or a combination of the mass transfer mechanisms mentioned above. Our analysis also suggests that the cross-sectional shape can be exploited to enhance or suppress solute dispersion by modifying the secondary current strength and profile.
- ArticleTakatori SC, Brady JF.Soft Matter. 2015 Oct 28;11(40):7920-31.Systems at equilibrium like molecular or colloidal suspensions have a well-defined thermal energy kBT that quantifies the particles' kinetic energy and gauges how "hot" or "cold" the system is. For systems far from equilibrium, such as active matter, it is unclear whether the concept of a "temperature" exists and whether self-propelled entities are capable of thermally equilibrating like passive Brownian suspensions. Here we develop a simple mechanical theory to study the phase behavior and "temperature" of a mixture of self-propelled particles. A mixture of active swimmers and passive Brownian particles is an ideal system for discovery of the temperature of active matter and the quantities that get shared upon particle collisions. We derive an explicit equation of state for the active/passive mixture to compute a phase diagram and to generalize thermodynamic concepts like the chemical potential and free energy for a mixture of nonequilibrium species. We find that different stability criteria predict in general different phase boundaries, facilitating considerations in simulations and experiments about which ensemble of variables are held fixed and varied.
- ArticleDill JA, Camus AC, Leary JH, Di Giallonardo F, Holmes EC, Ng TF.J Virol. 2016 09 01;90(17):7920-33.UNLABELLED: Hepadnaviruses (hepatitis B viruses [HBVs]) are the only animal viruses that replicate their DNA by reverse transcription of an RNA intermediate. Until recently, the known host range of hepadnaviruses was limited to mammals and birds. We obtained and analyzed the first amphibian HBV genome, as well as several prototype fish HBVs, which allow the first comprehensive comparative genomic analysis of hepadnaviruses from four classes of vertebrates. Bluegill hepadnavirus (BGHBV) was characterized from in-house viral metagenomic sequencing. The African cichlid hepadnavirus (ACHBV) and the Tibetan frog hepadnavirus (TFHBV) were discovered using in silico analyses of the whole-genome shotgun and transcriptome shotgun assembly databases. Residues in the hydrophobic base of the capsid (core) proteins, designated motifs I, II, and III, are highly conserved, suggesting that structural constraints for proper capsid folding are key to capsid protein evolution. Surface proteins in all vertebrate HBVs contain similar predicted membrane topologies, characterized by three transmembrane domains. Most striking was the fact that BGHBV, ACHBV, and the previously described white sucker hepadnavirus did not form a fish-specific monophyletic group in the phylogenetic analysis of all three hepadnaviral genes. Notably, BGHBV was more closely related to the mammalian hepadnaviruses, indicating that cross-species transmission events have played a major role in viral evolution. Evidence of cross-species transmission was also observed with TFHBV. Hence, these data indicate that the evolutionary history of the hepadnaviruses is more complex than previously realized and combines both virus-host codivergence over millions of years and host species jumping.
IMPORTANCE: Hepadnaviruses are responsible for significant disease in humans (hepatitis B virus) and have been reported from a diverse range of vertebrates as both exogenous and endogenous viruses. We report the full-length genome of a novel hepadnavirus from a fish and the first hepadnavirus genome from an amphibian. The novel fish hepadnavirus, sampled from bluegills, was more closely related to mammalian hepadnaviruses than to other fish viruses. This phylogenetic pattern reveals that, although hepadnaviruses have likely been associated with vertebrates for hundreds of millions of years, they have also been characterized by species jumping across wide phylogenetic distances. - ArticleEinkauf JD, Kelley TT, Chan BC, de Lill DT.Inorg Chem. 2016 Aug 15;55(16):7920-7.A coordination polymer [Ln(C15H9O9)3(H2O)3]n (1-Ln = Eu(III), Tb(III)) assembled from benzophenonedicarboxylate was synthesized and characterized. The organic component is shown to sensitize lanthanide-based emission in both compounds, with quantum yields of 36% (Eu) and 6% (Tb). Luminescence of lanthanide coordination polymers is currently described from a molecular approach. This methodology fails to explain the luminescence of this system. It was found that the band structure of the organic component rather than the molecular triplet state was able to explain the observed luminescence. Deuterated (Ln(C15H9O9)3(D2O)3) and dehydrated (Ln(C15H9O9)3) analogues were also studied. When bound H2O was replaced by D2O, lifetime and emission increased as expected. Upon dehydration, lifetimes increased again, but emission of 1-Eu unexpectedly decreased. This reduction is reasoned through an unprecedented enhancement effect of the compound's luminescence by the OH/OD oscillators in the organic-to-Eu(III) energy transfer process.
- ArticleHuang Y, Wang J, Zhai H, Zhu L, Wei Z.Soft Matter. 2014 Oct 28;10(40):7920-4.Here we have shown that it is possible to modulate π-π stacking, hydrogen bonds and hydrophobic and hydrophilic interactions to further adjust the supramolecular helicity by simply changing the core-substituted group. These modulated supramolecular interactions provide a new pathway to the controlled production of helical superstructures.
- ArticleNandu NS, Bavanasi A, Wajahat R.Cureus. 2020 May 01;12(5):e7920.Tuberculosis (TB) is a multisystem infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, which primarily affects the lungs. It is the leading infectious cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide with significant prevalence in the developing countries. However, extrapulmonary manifestations can be seldom seen in a few patients with disseminated TB or with localized disease. These manifestations depend on various comorbidities and the immune status of the patients. Extrapulmonary tuberculosis (EPTB) constitutes multiple cases of TB in the immunocompetent and immunocompromised populace. The clinical presentation of EPTB is atypical and can be challenging to confirm, often leading to delayed diagnosis and treatment. This, in particular, is true with ocular TB. The incidence of ocular TB is uncertain due to difficulties in ocular sampling for microbiology and the lack of definitive diagnostic criteria. Ocular TB can present in a fashion similar to other conditions causing ocular inflammation. It is crucial for physicians to consider this diagnosis in their differential, as ocular TB can present in a fashion similar to that of more common conditions causing ocular inflammation. We present a rare case of ocular uveitis secondary to TB in an asymptomatic patient without a lung primary, complicated by an unmasked allergy to first-line anti-TB medication.
- ArticleBurananayok S, Nachatri W, Choothanorm P, Kusolthammarat K, Jaruthamsophon K, Yodsawad C, Limsakul P, Charupanit K.Sci Rep. 2024 04 04;14(1):7920.Blood safety is a critical aspect of healthcare systems worldwide involving rigorous screening, testing, and processing protocols to minimize the risk of transfusion-transmitted infections (TTIs). The present study offers a comprehensive assessment of the prevalence of hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), and syphilis among blood donors in southern Thailand. It explores the consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic on the blood transfusion service, donor characteristics, and the prevalence of TTIs. A retrospective analysis of 65,511 blood donors between 2018 and 2022 was conducted at Songklanagarind Hospital, Thailand. The socio-demographic characteristics of the donors were examined using the Chi-square test to assess the relationship between TTIs serological positivity and donor characteristics. The donors were divided into pre-COVID-19 (2018-2019) and during COVID-19 (2020-2022) groups to evaluate the impacts of COVID-19. The study found that HBV had the highest overall prevalence at 243 per hundred thousand (pht), followed by syphilis (118 pht), HCV (32 pht), and HIV (31 pht) over a five-year period of study. After COVID-19, the prevalence of HBV decreased by 21.8%; HCV decreased by 2.1%; HIV increased by 36.4%; and syphilis increased by 9.2%. The socio-demographic characteristics and TTIs prevalence were significantly altered over time. This study provides insights into blood donor characteristics and TTIs prevalence in southern Thailand, highlighting the understanding of the impact of COVID-19 on the spread of TTIs.
- ArticleGrange C, Aigle A, Ehrlich V, Salazar Ariza JF, Brichart T, Da Cruz-Boisson F, David L, Lux F, Tillement O.Sci Rep. 2023 May 16;13(1):7920.Loosely bound iron, due to its contribution to oxidative stress and inflammation, has become an important therapeutic target for many diseases. A water-soluble chitosan-based polymer exhibiting both antioxidant and chelating properties due to the dual functionalization with DOTAGA and DFO has been developed to extract this iron therefore preventing its catalytic production of reactive oxygen species. This functionalized chitosan was shown to have stronger antioxidant properties compared to conventional chitosan, improved iron chelating properties compared to the clinical therapy, deferiprone, and provided promising results for its application and improved metal extraction within a conventional 4 h hemodialysis session with bovine plasma.
- ArticleWang S, Fu B, Peng S, Zhang X, Tian T, Zhou X.Chem Commun (Camb). 2013 Sep 18;49(72):7920-2.This study is the first to investigate the interactions of hemin with a G-triplex DNA of T1 using different DNA binding assays. The low intrinsic peroxidatic activity of hemin could be significantly enhanced using T1. Furthermore, much decreased oxidation enhancement by T2 or T3 with one key guanine mutation was observed, and the observed peroxidatic activity of T1 should be directly due to the G-triplex complexed with hemin.
- ArticleRodríguez-Galet A, Rubio-Garrido M, Valadés-Alcaraz A, Rodríguez-Domínguez M, Galán JC, Ndarabu A, Reina G, Holguín A.Sci Rep. 2022 05 13;12(1):7920.Child vaccination reduces infant mortality rates. HIV-infected children present higher risk of diseases than non-infected. We report the protection coverage rates for 6 vaccine-preventable diseases in a paediatric population from the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) and the impact of HIV infection, providing the first data on the validity of dried blood samples (DBS) to monitor the immune protection. During 2016-2018 DBS from 143 children/adolescents were collected in Kinshasa (DRC), being 52 HIV-infected. Forty-two had a paired plasma sample. Protective IgG was quantified (VirClia-IgG,VIRCELL) to obtain the optimal cut-off in IgG detection in DBS. ROC curves were generated with R software and statistical analyses with Stata. Protective IgG levels varied across pathogens, not reaching herd immunity. HIV-infected presented lower vaccine protection than uninfected for all analyzed pathogens, except rubella, with statistically significant differences for measles (30.8% vs. 53.8%; p = 0.008) and tetanus (3.8% vs. 22%; p = 0.0034). New cut-offs were calculated when using DBS to improve test performance. We reinforce the necessity to increase pediatric vaccination coverage in Kinshasa, especially in HIV seropositive, with less capacity to maintain adequate antibody levels. DBS were useful to monitor vaccination coverage in seroprevalence studies in resource-limited settings, after optimizing the cut-off value for each pathogen.
- ArticleKim IE, Jang TL, Kim S, Lee DY, Kim DD, Singer EA, Ghodoussipour S, Stein MN, Aron M, Dall'Era MA, Yi Kim I.Cancer Med. 2021 11;10(22):7909-7920.Since 2004, multiple blockbuster drugs have been approved for men with metastatic prostate cancer. Nevertheless, it has been reported that no improvement in survival was observed between 2004 and 2009. Herein, we have analyzed the SEER database to assess the survival outcome of metastatic prostate cancer patients since 2000. The results demonstrated that there was an improvement in both overall and prostate cancer-specific survival for 4 months among men diagnosed with metastatic prostate cancer from 2010 to 2016 when compared to those in the pre-2010 period. Interestingly, this survival benefit was limited to patients with bone and visceral metastasis (M1b and M1c stages). Collectively, our observation suggests that despite the new treatment agents such as second-line antiandrogen therapies introduced in the modern era, the improvement in survival of metastatic prostate cancer patients has been surprisingly small.
- ArticleAgyekum EB, PraveenKumar S, Alwan NT, Velkin VI, Shcheklein SE.Heliyon. 2021 Sep;7(9):e07920.Solar photovoltaic (PV) energy is one of the most widely used renewable energy options around the world. However, its electrical efficiency drops with increasing PV module temperature, it is therefore necessary to find appropriate ways to improve the performance of the module under high temperature conditions. In this study we evaluated the impact of simultaneous dual surface cooling on the PV module's output performance experimentally. The PV module's rear surface was cooled using cotton wick mesh which absorbs water from a perforated pipe and use capillary action to transfer the water down the surface of the rear side of the module. The perforated pipe is strategically positioned at the upper part of the panel and as a result, water from the tank through the holes in the pipe also spread on the front surface of the panel. The experiment recorded a temperature drop of 23.55 °C. This resulted in about 30.3% improvement in the output power of the panel. The cooled PV module also recorded an average efficiency of 14.36% against 12.83% for the uncooled panel. This represent a difference of 1.53% which is 11.9% improvement in the electrical efficiency of the cooled panel. In effect, the proposed approach had a significant positive effect on the energy yield of the PV system.
- ArticleMatsumura Y, Kamimura Y, Lee CY, Gorb SN, Rajabi H.Sci Rep. 2021 04 12;11(1):7920.We unveiled the penile penetration mechanics of two earwig species, Echinosoma horridum, whose intromittent organ, termed virga, is extraordinarily long, and E. denticulatum, whose virga is conversely short. We characterised configuration, geometry, material and bending stiffness for both virga and spermatheca. The short virga of E. denticulatum has a material gradient with the stiffer base, whereas the long virga of E. horridum and the spermathecae of both species are homogeneously sclerotised. The long virga of E. horridum has a lower bending stiffness than the spermatheca. The virga of E. denticulatum is overall less flexible than the spermatheca. We compared our results to a previous study on the penetration mechanics of elongated beetle genitalia. Based on the comparison, we hypothesised that the lower stiffness of the male intromittent organ comparing to the corresponding female structure is a universal prerequisite for the penetration mechanics of the elongated intromittent organ in insects.
- ArticleZhang Y, Yu M, Zhang C, Ma W, Zhang Y, Wang C, Lu H.Anal Chem. 2014 Aug 05;86(15):7920-4.For the highly efficient extraction of the N-glycoproteome, a novel solid-phase extraction method based on oxime click chemistry has been developed. With the use of a newly synthesized aminooxy-functionalized magnetic nanoparticle, the oxidized glycan chains on glycopeptides readily react with the aminooxy groups through oxime click chemistry, resulting in the highly selective extraction of glycopeptides. Compared to the traditional hydrazide chemistry-based method, which takes 12-16 h of coupling time, this new method renders excellent enrichment performance within 1 h. Furthermore, the enrichment sensitivity (fmol level), selectivity (extracting glycopeptides from mixtures of nonglycopeptides at a 1:100 molar ratio), and reproducibility (CVs < 20%) are also dramatically improved. We have successfully profiled the N-glycoproteome from only 1 μL of human colorectal cancer serum using this innovative protocol, which offers a more efficient alternative N-glycoproteome extraction method.