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- ArticleZemestani M, Didehban R, Comer JS, Kendall PC.Assessment. 2022 07;29(5):993-1004.OBJECTIVE: The present study examined the psychometric properties of a Persian version of the Intolerance of Uncertainty Scale for Children (IUSC; Comer et al, 2009).
METHOD: Participating youth (n = 346) 8 to 18 years of age were nonreferred community youth (n = 279) or youth who met diagnostic criteria for an anxiety disorder (n = 67) and their parents.
RESULTS: Across child- and parent-report data, confirmatory factor analysis supported a shortened 12-item version of the IUSC, and the confirmatory factor analysis also confirmed a theory-driven correlated two-factor structure of the IUSC-12. (i.e., prospective/inhibitory IU). Results further supported reliability and validity of parent- and child-reports of the Persian IUSC-12 via evidence of internal consistency, 4-week retest, significant associations with established measures of internalizing problems, and the ability of the measure to reliably distinguish the clinical sample from the community sample.
CONCLUSION: Findings demonstrate sound psychometric properties of the Persian version of the IUSC-12 and provide additional support for the reliability and validity of the measure and its use in non-Western cultures. Findings are discussed in terms of implications for assessment, treatment, and study of anxiety and related internalizing problems in Iranian youth. - ArticleSrikanth K, Kumar H, Park W, Byun M, Lim D, Kemp S, Te Pas MFW, Kim JM, Park JE.Front Genet. 2019;10:993.Heat stress (HS) negatively affects chicken performance. Agricultural expansion will happen in regions that experience high ambient temperatures, where fast-growing commercial chickens are vulnerable. Indigenous chickens of such regions, due to generations of exposure to environmental challenges, might have higher thermal tolerance. In this study, two indigenous chicken ecotypes, from the hot and humid Mombasa (lowland) and the colder Naivasha (highland) regions, were used to investigate the effects of acute (5 h, 35°C) and chronic (3 days of 35°C for 8 h/day) HS on the cardiac and skeletal muscle, through RNA sequencing. The rectal temperature gain and the number of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) [False Discovery Rate (FDR) < 0.05] were two times higher in the acute stage than in the chronic stage in both ecotypes, suggesting that cyclic exposure to HS can lead to adaptation. A tissue- and stage-specific difference in response to HS was observed, with peroxisome proliferator-activated-receptor (PPAR) signaling and mitogen-activate protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways, enriched in heart and skeletal muscle, respectively, and the p53 pathway enriched only in the acute stage in both tissues. The acute and chronic stage DEGs were integrated by a region-specific gene coexpression network (GCN), and genes with the highest number of connections (hub genes) were identified. The hub genes in the lowland network were CCNB2, Crb2, CHST9, SESN1, and NR4A3, while COMMD4, TTC32, H1F0, ACYP1, and RPS28 were the hub genes in the highland network. Pathway analysis of genes in the GCN showed that p53 and PPAR signaling pathways were enriched in both low and highland networks, while MAPK signaling and protein processing in endoplasmic reticulum were enriched only in the gene network of highland chickens. This shows that to dissipate the accumulated heat, to reduce heat induced apoptosis, and to promote DNA damage repair, the ecotypes activated or suppressed different genes, indicating the differences in thermal tolerance and HS response mechanisms between the ecotypes. This study provides information on the HS response of chickens, adapted to two different agro climatic environments, extending our understanding of the mechanisms of HS response and the effect of adaptation in counteracting HS.
- ArticleRavindran VB, Truskewycz A, Ball AS, Soni SK.MethodsX. 2019;6:993-997.In this study, a presumptive colorimetric method was used to detect and differentiate the ova of two major soil transmitted helminths in wastewater, Ascaris and Trichuris. Gold nanoparticles were synthesised following the reduction of tetrachloroauric acid by the surface moiety of Ascaris suum, resulting in a colour change. In contrast there was no colour change with Trichuris suis indicating the absence of gold nanoparticle synthesis. Analysis of the ova using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed that the synthesis of nanoparticles on the surface of ova was confirmed as gold nanoparticles (91 w/w %) by energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX). This study indicated that the surface moieties of helminth ova could be a potential target for ova detection and differentiation using the biosynthesis of nanoparticles by colorimetry methods. Three advantages: •Simple colorimetry based method requiring no sophisticated devices.•No trained personnel required.•Cost-effective and can be a potential candidate for biosensors.
- ArticleGuo J, Xue Q, Liu K, Ge W, Liu W, Wang J, Zhang M, Li QY, Cai D, Shan C, Zhang C, Liu X, Li J.Front Oncol. 2019;9:993.Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most prevalent malignant tumor in the central nervous system. Aerobic glycolysis, featured with elevated glucose consumption and lactate production, confers selective advantages on GBM by utilizing nutrients to support rapid cell proliferation and tumor growth. Pyruvate kinase 2 (PKM2), the last rate-limiting enzyme of glycolysis, is known to regulate aerobic glycolysis, and considered as a novel cancer therapeutic target. Herein, we aim to describe the cellular functions and mechanisms of a small molecular compound dimethylaminomicheliolide (DMAMCL), which has been used in clinical trials for recurrent GBM in Australia. Our results demonstrate that DMAMCL is effective on the inhibition of GBM cell proliferation and colony formation. MCL, the active metabolic form of DMAMCL, selectively binding to monomeric PKM2 and promoting its tetramerization, was also found to improve the pyruvate kinase activity of PKM2 in GBM cells. In addition, non-targeting metabolomics analysis reveals multiple metabolites involved in glycolysis, including lactate and glucose-6-phosphate, are decreased with DMAMCL treatment. The inhibitory effects of DMAMCL are observed to decrease in GBM cells upon PKM2 depletion, further confirming the importance of PKM2 in DMAMCL sensitivity. In conclusion, the activation of PKM2 by DMAMCL results in the rewiring aerobic glycolysis, which consequently suppresses the proliferation of GBM cells. Hence, DMAMCL represents a potential PKM2-targeted therapeutic agent against GBM.
- ArticleAkay OM, Taştekin F, Çolak E.Platelets. 2019;30(8):989-993.Since there is still debate on the effects of plateletpheresis on coagulation system, we aimed to perform a global assessment of donor's hemostatic function undergoing plateletpheresis by rotation thromboelastometry (ROTEM) analysis and to clarify if plateletpheresis procedure induces a hypercoagulable state. Thirty male plateletpheresis donors were included in the study. Four blood samples were drawn at different time intervals: before the beginning of the apheresis procedure; immediately after the completion of the apheresis procedure; 24 h and 7 days after the apheresis procedure. "Hypercoagulability" was diagnosed readily by having an accelerated clot formation, as evidenced by shortening of CFT and an increase of the clot strength, as evidenced by increasing of MCF. In INTEM assay, CFT value after apheresis was significantly prolonged compared with baseline value while CFT value 7 days after apheresis was significantly shortened compared with values immediately and 24 h after apheresis (p < 0.001). However, CFT-INTEM still did not show any shortening in any of the measurements when compared to pre-apheresis value. MCF value after apheresis was significantly shortened compared with baseline value while MCF value 7 days after apheresis was significantly prolonged compared with values immediately and 24 h after apheresis (p < 0.001). However, MCF-INTEM still did not show any increase in any of the measurements when compared to pre-apheresis value. There was no significant difference in CT value between four measurements (p = 0.064). In EXTEM assay, CFT value after apheresis was significantly prolonged compared with baseline value while CFT value 7 days after apheresis was significantly shortened compared with values immediately and 24 h after apheresis (p < 0.001). However, CFT-EXTEM still did not show any shortening in any of the measurements when compared to pre-apheresis value. MCF values immediately and 24 h after apheresis were significantly shortened compared with baseline value while MCF value 7 days after apheresis was significantly prolonged compared with values immediately and 24 h after apheresis (p < 0.001). However, MCF-EXTEM still did not show any increase in any of the measurements when compared to pre-apheresis value. We found no differences in CT value between four measurements (p = 0.208). Since ROTEM tracings on both INTEM and EXTEM assays did not reveal any significant shortening of CFT and increasing of MCF in any of the measurements after apheresis procedure, we concluded that plateletpheresis does not induce a hypercoagulable state in healthy donors.
- ArticleSilina K, Kroeger D.Front Immunol. 2019;10:993.
- ArticleYeh N, Rose NS.Front Psychol. 2019;10:993.A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted to synthesize the existing literature on how transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) has been used to modulate episodic memory. Given the numerous parameters of TMS protocols and experimental design characteristics that can be manipulated, a mechanistic understanding of how changes in the combination of parameters (e.g., frequency, timing, intensity, targeted brain region, memory task) modulate episodic memory is needed. To address this, we reviewed 59 studies and conducted a meta-analysis on 245 effect sizes from 37 articles on healthy younger adults (N = 1,061). Analyses revealed generally more beneficial effects of 1-Hz rTMS vs. other frequencies on episodic memory. Moderation analyses revealed complex interactions as online 20-Hz rTMS protocols led to negative effects, while offline 20-Hz rTMS led to enhancing effects. There was also an interaction between stimulation intensity and frequency as 20-Hz rTMS had more negative effects when applied below- vs. at-motor threshold. Conversely, 1-Hz rTMS had more beneficial effects than other frequencies when applied below- vs. at- or above-motor threshold. No reliable aggregate or hypothesized interactions were found when assessing stimulation site (frontal vs. parietal cortex, left vs. right hemisphere), stimulated memory process (during encoding vs. retrieval), the type of retrieval (associative/recollection vs. item/familiarity), or the type of control comparison (active vs. sham or no TMS) on episodic memory. However, there is insufficient data to make strong inference based on the lack of aggregate or two-way interactions between these factors, or to assess more complex (e.g., 3-way) interactions. We reviewed the effects on other populations (healthy older adults and clinical populations), but systematic comparison of parameters was also prevented due to insufficient data. A database of parameters and effects sizes is available as an open source repository so that data from studies can be continuously accumulated in order to facilitate future meta-analysis. In conclusion, modulating episodic memory relies on complex interactions among the numerous moderator variables that can be manipulated. Therefore, rigorous, systematic comparisons need to be further investigated as the body of literature grows in order to fully understand the combination of parameters that lead to enhancing, detrimental or null effects on episodic memory.
- ArticleLi F, Zhu L, Zhang J, He H, Qin Y, Cheng Y, Xie Z.Front Neurol. 2019;10:993.Background: Oral contraceptive (OCP) use might increase the risk of stroke in women. We examined a possible dose-response relation between OCP use and the risk of stroke in young and middle-aged women. Methods: A retrieval of PubMed and EMBASE databases was performed. We selected observational studies that reported odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the risk of stroke in OCP users. A two-stage dose-response analysis was conducted using the random-effects model and the restricted spline model. Results: A total of 6 cohort studies and 12 case-control studies were included, which involved 2,143,174 participants and 11,661 cases of stroke including ischemic stroke (IS), hemorrhagic stroke (HS), and stroke of unknown origin. The pooled ORs of total stroke were 1.19 (95% CI, 1.16-1.23) for every 10-μg increment in estrogen dosage, 1.20 (95% CI, 1.05-1.37) for every 5-years increment in duration of OCP use, and 0.82 (95% CI, 0.68-0.98) for every 5-years increment in duration of OCP cessation. The ORs of IS were 1.20 (95% CI, 1.17-1.22) in estrogen dosage, 1.24 (95% CI, 1.04-1.49) in duration of OCP use, and 0.78 (95% CI, 0.67-0.92) in duration of OCP cessation. The ORs of HS were 1.10 (95% CI, 1.04-1.16) in estrogen dosage, 1.13 (95% CI, 0.93-1.36) in duration of OCPs, and 0.71 (95% CI, 0.55-0.92) in duration of OCP cessation. The pooled ORs of total stroke from prospective studies (1.12; 95% CI, 1.01-1.24) were lower than those from retrospective studies (1.30; 95% CI, 1.01-1.67). Conclusions: The higher estrogen dosage significantly increased the risks of total stroke, IS, and HS, respectively. The longer duration of OCP use significantly increased the risks of total stroke and IS, but its effects on HS risk were marginal. The longer duration of OCP cessation significantly decreased the risks of total stroke, IS, and HS, respectively. These findings affirm the contribution of estrogen dose and duration of OCP use to the increased risk of stroke, which may be critical for the instruction of OCP use and the prevention and management of cerebrovascular diseases.
- ArticleJanzen E, Wolff L, Mendoza-Ferreira N, Hupperich K, Delle Vedove A, Hosseinibarkooie S, Kye MJ, Wirth B.Front Neurosci. 2019;13:993.Many neurodegenerative disorders share common pathogenic pathways such as endocytic defects, Ca2+ misregulation and defects in actin dynamics. Factors acting on these shared pathways are highly interesting as a therapeutic target. Plastin 3 (PLS3), a proven protective modifier of spinal muscular atrophy across species, is a remarkable example of the former, and thereby offers high potential as a cross-disease modifier. Importantly, PLS3 has been linked to numerous proteins associated with various neurodegenerative diseases. Among them, PLS3 directly interacts with calcineurin like EF-hand protein 1 (CHP1), whose loss-of-function results in ataxia. In this study, we aimed to determine whether PLS3 is a cross-disease modifier for ataxia caused by Chp1 mutation in mice. For this purpose, we generated Chp1 mutant mice, named vacillator mice, overexpressing a PLS3 transgene. Here, we show that PLS3 overexpression (OE) delays the ataxic phenotype of the vacillator mice at an early but not later disease stage. Furthermore, we demonstrated that PLS3 OE ameliorates axon hypertrophy and axonal swellings in Purkinje neurons thereby slowing down neurodegeneration. Mechanistically, we found that PLS3 OE in the cerebellum shows a trend of increased membrane targeting and/or expression of Na+/H+ exchanger (NHE1), an important CHP1 binding partner and a causative gene for ataxia, when mutated in humans and mice. This data supports the hypothesis that PLS3 is a cross-disease genetic modifier for CHP1-causing ataxia and spinal muscular atrophy.
- ArticleMucha M, Rainer M, Bonn G.Bioanalysis. 2012 May;4(9):993-5.The Isranalytica, organized by the Israel Analytical Chemical Society, is the largest analytical conference in Israel and has become one of the largest annual conferences in analytical chemistry in the world. Over the past years, Isranalytica has achieved major success and become the most prestigious analytical chemistry meeting in Israel.
- ArticleIreland S, Belton S, Saggers S.Midwifery. 2015 Oct;31(10):993-9.OBJECTIVE: the aim of this research is to review the content, and describe the structural and contextual discourse around planned birthplace in six clinical practice manuals used to care for pregnant Aboriginal women in Australia׳s remote Northern Territory. The purpose is to better understand where, how and why planned birthplaces for Aboriginal women have changed over time.
METHODS: content and discourse analysis was applied to the written texts pertaining to maternal health care and the results placed within a theoretical framework of Daviss׳s Logic.
FINDINGS: the manuals demonstrate the use of predominantly scientific and clinical logic to sanction birthplace. Planned birthplace choices have declined over time, with hospital now represented as the only place to give birth. This is in opposition to Aboriginal women׳s longstanding requests and is not supported by robust scientific evidence.
CONCLUSIONS: despite scientific and clinical logics dominating the sanctioning of birthplace for Aboriginal women, conjecture is apparent between assumed logics and evidence. There needs to be further critical reflection on why Aboriginal women do not have planned birthplace choices, and these reasons, once identified, debated and addressed both in research agendas and policy re-development. - ArticleHo R, McDonald C, Pauls JP, Li Z.Perfusion. 2023 07;38(5):993-1001.INTRODUCTION: Varying the insertion depth of the aortic cannula during cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) has been investigated as a strategy to mitigate cerebral emboli, yet its effectiveness associated with CPB flow is not fully understood. We compared different arterial cannula insertion depths and pump flow influencing air microemboli entering the aortic arch branch arteries (AABA).
METHODS: A computational approach used a patient-specific aorta model to evaluate four cannula locations at (1) proximal arch, (2) mid arch, (3) distal arch, and (4) descending aorta. We injected 0.1 mm microemboli (N=720) at 2 and 5 L/min and assessed the embolic load and the particle averaged transit times ( entering the AABA.
RESULTS: Location 4 had the lowest embolic load (2 L/min: N= 63) and (5 L/min: N= 54) compared to locations 1 to 3 in the range of (N= 118 to 116 at 2 L/min:) and (N= 92 to 146 at 5 L/min). There was no significant difference between 2 L/min and 5 L/min (p = 0.31), despite 5 L/min attaining a lower mean (±standard deviation) than 2 L/min (38.0±23.4 vs 44.5±21.1), respectively. Progressing from location 1 to 4, increased 3.11s -7.40 s at 2 L/min and 1.81s -4.18s at 5 L/min.
CONCLUSION: It was demonstrated that the elongated cannula insertion length resulted in lower embolic loads, particularly at a higher flow rate. The numerical results suggest that CPB management could combine active flow variation with improving cannula performance and provide a foundation for a future experimental and clinical investigation to reduce surgical cerebral air microemboli. - ArticleBadovinac S, Glodić G, Sabol I, Džubur F, Makek MJ, Baričević D, Koršić M, Popović F, Srdić D, Samaržija M.Chest. 2023 04;163(4):985-993.BACKGROUND: The most commonly used topical hemostatic agents during flexible bronchoscopy (FB) are cold saline and adrenaline. Data on use of other agents such as tranexamic acid (TXA) for this purpose are limited.
RESEARCH QUESTION: Is TXA effective and safe in controlling iatrogenic bleeding during FB compared with adrenaline?
STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: We conducted a cluster-randomized, double-blind, single-center trial in a tertiary teaching hospital. Patients were randomized in weekly clusters to receive up to three applications of TXA (100 mg, 2 mL) or adrenaline (0.2 mg, 2 mL, 1:10000) after hemostasis failure after three applications of cold saline (4 ° C, 5 mL). Crossover was allowed (for up to three further applications) before proceeding with other interventions. Bleeding severity was graded by the bronchoscopist using a visual analog scale (VAS; 1 = very mild, 10 = severe).
RESULTS: A total of 2,033 FBs were performed and 130 patients were randomized successfully to adrenaline (n = 65) or TXA (n = 65), whereas 12 patients had to be excluded for protocol violations (two patients from the adrenaline arm and 10 patients from TXA arm). Bleeding was stopped in 83.1% of patients (54/65) in both groups (P = 1). The severity of bleeding and number of applications needed for bleeding control were similar in both groups (adrenaline: mean VAS score, 4.9 ± 1.3 [n = 1.8 ± 0.8]; TXA: mean VAS score, 5.3 ± 1.4 [n = 1.8 ± 0.8]). Both adrenaline and TXA were more successful in controlling moderate bleeding (86.7% and 88.7%, respectively) than severe bleeding (40% and 58.3%, respectively; P = .008 and P = .012, respectively) and required more applications for severe bleeding (3.0 ± 0 and 2.4 ± 0.5, respectively) than moderate bleeding (1.7 ± 0.8 and 1.7 ± 0.8, respectively) control (P = .006 and P = .002, respectively). We observed no drug-related adverse events in either group.
INTERPRETATION: We found no significant difference between adrenaline and TXA for controlling noncatastrophic iatrogenic endobronchial bleeding after cold saline failure, adding to the body of evidence that TXA can be used safely and effectively during FB.
TRIAL REGISTRY: ClinicalTrials.gov; No.: NCT04771923; URL: www.
CLINICALTRIALS: gov. - ArticleSteinberg PL, Chang SL.Drugs. 2016 Jul;76(10):993-7.Pain from renal colic is often severe and incapacitating. Many patients require emergent hospitalization and aggressive analgesia to relieve such discomfort. For many years, the optimal analgesic strategy has been sought to manage such severe pain. One of the mainstays of therapy for acute renal colic is with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). This paper reviews the mechanism by which NSAIDs allow pain relief in renal colic, the evidence for their use in this condition, and the use of NSAIDs combined with other agents in renal colic.
- ArticleLiu J, Niu L, Hao J, Yao Y, Yan M, Li H.Oncogene. 2023 03;42(13):980-993.Circular RNA (circRNA) is a novel RNA molecule characterized by covalently closed loop structure. Since its discovery, researchers have shown that circRNA is not "splicing noise" but a participant of various pathophysiological processes through unique mechanisms. circIPO7, which was identified as an independent prognostic factor in gastric cancer (GC) patients, was downregulated in GC tissues and cells compared to paracarcinoma tissues and normal epithelial cells. circIPO7 overexpression significantly suppressed GC cell proliferation in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, circIPO7 directly binds with caprin-1, an RNA-binding protein involved in mRNA translation, sharing overlapping binding sites with G3BP1. Thus, the complex containing overexpressed circIPO7 blocked the caprin-1-G3BP1 interaction and dissociated caprin-1 and its target mRNAs (EGFR and mTOR) from ribosomes, resulting in their translational inhibition, followed by PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway inactivation. We uncovered a novel molecular mechanism for circRNAs in GC development, identifying circIPO7 as a potential target for cancer treatment.
- ArticleNeilson SJ, See AA, King NK.Brain Inj. 2016;30(8):993-8.INTRODUCTION: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a global concern associated with high mortality and morbidity. Costs to individuals and society are extensive due to poor recovery, long-term disability and the young age group affected. Statins have emerged as potential therapeutic agents in TBI. This study aimed to investigate the protective effect of statins in severe TBI.
METHODS: This case-control study included adults with severe TBI. A sliding dichotomy approach was used to dichotomize mortality at 14-days and Glasgow Outcome Score (GOS) at 6 months. Logistic regression analysis was used to calculate the odds ratios (OR) for 14-day mortality and 6-month GOS.
RESULTS: Equivalent cohorts of 59 age- and sex-matched statin and non-statin users were selected, resulting in population of 118 (mean age = 70.2 years, SD = 10.3), with a median Glasgow Coma Score of 5. Statins did not reduce the likelihood of mortality at 14 days (adjusted OR = 1.23, p = 0.68) or unfavourable outcome at 6 months (adjusted OR = 1.19, p = 0.78).
CONCLUSIONS: Despite increasing evidence for benefit of statins in TBI, this study in an Asian population does not support this association, demonstrating no significant improvement in outcome for statin users. Further research is required to understand the mechanisms and impact of statins in TBI. - ArticleDamulewicz M, Ispizua JI, Ceriani MF, Pyza EM.Front Physiol. 2020;11:993.Light is one of the most important factors regulating rhythmical behavior of Drosophila melanogaster. It is received by different photoreceptors and entrains the circadian clock, which controls sleep. The retina is known to be essential for light perception, as it is composed of specialized light-sensitive cells which transmit signal to deeper parts of the brain. In this study we examined the role of specific photoreceptor types and peripheral oscillators located in these cells in the regulation of sleep pattern. We showed that sleep is controlled by the visual system in a very complex way. Photoreceptors expressing Rh1, Rh3 are involved in night-time sleep regulation, while cells expressing Rh5 and Rh6 affect sleep both during the day and night. Moreover, Hofbauer-Buchner (HB) eyelets which can directly contact with s-LN v s and l-LN v s play a wake-promoting function during the day. In addition, we showed that L2 interneurons, which receive signal from R1-6, form direct synaptic contacts with l-LN v s, which provides new light input to the clock network.
- ArticleKlammsteiner T, Walter A, Bogataj T, Heussler CD, Stres B, Steiner FM, Schlick-Steiner BC, Arthofer W, Insam H.Front Microbiol. 2020;11:993.An organism's gut microbiome handles most of the metabolic processes associated with food intake and digestion but can also strongly affect health and behavior. A stable microbial core community in the gut provides general metabolic competences for substrate degradation and is robust against extrinsic disturbances like changing diets or pathogens. Black Soldier Fly larvae (BSFL; Hermetia illucens) are well known for their ability to efficiently degrade a wide spectrum of organic materials. The ingested substrates build up the high fat and protein content in their bodies that make the larvae interesting for the animal feedstuff industry. In this study, we subjected BSFL to three distinct types of diets carrying a low bioburden and assessed the diets' impact on larval development and on the composition of the bacterial and archaeal gut community. No significant impact on the gut microbiome across treatments pointed us to the presence of a predominant core community backed by a diverse spectrum of low-abundance taxa. Actinomyces spp., Dysgonomonas spp., and Enterococcus spp. as main members of this community provide various functional and metabolic skills that could be crucial for the thriving of BSFL in various environments. This indicates that the type of diet could play a lesser role in guts of BSFL than previously assumed and that instead a stable autochthonous collection of bacteria provides the tools for degrading of a broad range of substrates. Characterizing the interplay between the core gut microbiome and BSFL helps to understand the involved degradation processes and could contribute to further improving large-scale BSFL rearing.
- ArticleYang HJ, Kong B, Shuai W, Zhang JJ, Huang H.Front Pharmacol. 2020;11:993.Shensong Yangxin (SSYX) is a traditional Chinese medicine, which has been proven to improve the clinical symptoms of arrhythmia. However, the role of SSYX in metabolic syndrome (MetS)-induced electrical remodeling remains to be fully elucidated. Here, we sought to clarify whether SSYX can alter the electrophysiological remodeling of cardiac myocytes from MetS rats by regulating transient outward potassium current (I to) and calcium current (I Ca-L). Male Wistar rats were subjected to 16 weeks of high-carbohydrate, high-fat to produce a MetS model group. SSYX (0.4 g/kg) was administrated by daily gavage 8 weeks following high-carbohydrate, high-fat for 8 weeks. In vivo electrophysiological study was performed to evaluated ventricular arrhythmias (VA) vulnerability and electrophysiological properties. The potential electrical mechanisms were estimated by whole-cell patch-clamp and molecular analysis. The H9C2 cells were used to verify the protective role of SSYX in vitro. After 16-week high-carbohydrate, high-fat feeding, MetS model rats showed increased body weight (BW), blood pressure (BP), blood sugar (BS), heart rate (HR) and heart weights to tibia length (HW/TL) ratio. Furthermore, MetS rats depicted increased VA inducibility, shortened effective refractory period (ERP) and prolonged action potential duration (APD). Lower I Ca-L and I to current densities were observed in MetS rats than CTL rats. Additionally, MetS rats exhibited significantly increased cardiac fibrosis, decreased Cx43 expression and protein levels of Cav1.2, Kv4.2, Kv4.3 than CTL group. As expected, these MetS-induced effects above were reversed when SSYX was administrated. Mechanistically, SSYX administrated significantly down-regulated the TLR4/MyD88/CaMKII signaling pathway both in vivo and in vitro. Collectively, our data indicated that the electrical remodeling induced by MetS contributed to the increased VA susceptibility. SSYX protects against MetS-induced VA by inhibiting electrical remodeling through TLR4/MyD88/CaMKII signaling pathway.
- ArticleDombrowski SC, McGill RJ, Morgan GB.Assessment. 2021 04;28(3):977-993.Researchers continue to debate the constructs measured by commercial ability tests. Factor analytic investigations of these measures have been used to develop and refine widely adopted psychometric theories of intelligence particularly the Cattell-Horn-Carroll (CHC) model. Even so, this linkage may be problematic as many of these investigations examine a particular instrument in isolation and CHC model specification across tests and research teams has not been consistent. To address these concerns, the present study used Monte Carlo resampling to investigate the latent structure of four of the most widely used intelligence tests for children and adolescents. The results located the approximate existence of the publisher posited CHC theoretical group factors in the Differential Abilities Scales-Second edition and the Kaufman Assessment Battery for Children-Second edition but not in the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-Fifth edition or the Woodcock-Johnson IV Tests of Cognitive Abilities. Instead, the results supported alternative conceptualizations from independent factor analytic research. Additionally, whereas a bifactor model produced superior fit indices in two instruments (Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-Fifth edition and Woodcock-Johnson IV Tests of Cognitive Abilities), a higher order structure was found to be superior in the Kaufman Assessment Battery for Children-Second edition and the Differential Abilities Scales-Second edition. Regardless of the model employed, the general factor captured a significant portion of each instrument's variance. Implications for IQ test assessment, interpretation, and theory are discussed.