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- BookHilde Löfqvist.Summary: This unique book is structured to give the reader a comprehensive view to understand the decline of hormones at midlife and the risks and benefits of evidence based hormonal treatments. The difference between bio-identical and synthetic hormones is shown. With this book the author intends to restore the trust of the mostly positive effects of hormone treatment during menopause. In this book effective hormone treatments that may be carried on for years are discussed. Those hormones may even prevent age related diseases (arthralgia, osteoporosis, cardiovascular diseases) if started at the right time frame directly after menopause, known as "window of opportunity". This book fills a gap for medical health providers and can be of benefit for all women searching evidence-based information and answers on hormone menopausal changes and treatments. The book provides the reader with case histories to show how different women are at the menopausal transition, and what the doctor has to consider in the choice of investigation and treatment.
Contents:
Intro
Foreword
Preface
About the Book
Contents
About the Author
Abbreviations
Chapter 1: Midlife Crisis During the Female Hormonal Transition, a Theme with Variations
1.1 How It Feels When Sex Hormones Are Declining
1.2 Resilience, the Ability to Cope with Difficulties
1.3 The Menopause Rating Scale (MRS)
1.4 Symptoms and Apprehensions
1.4.1 Hot Flushes
1.4.2 Sleeping Disorders
1.4.3 Mental Disorders
1.4.4 Sexual Problems
1.4.5 Physical Disorders
1.5 Cultural, Social and Ethnic Differences in Climacteric Symptoms and Treatments 1.6 Summary for the Health Professional
1.7 Summary for the Climacteric Woman
References
Chapter 2: Hormones
2.1 What Are Hormones?
2.2 The Sex Hormones
2.2.1 Oestrogens
2.2.2 Androgens
2.2.3 Progesterone
2.3 Hormonal Changes from the Conception Until the Postmenopausal Period
2.3.1 Conception
2.3.2 The Foetus
2.3.3 The Newborn Female Baby
2.3.4 Childhood
2.3.5 Prepuberty
2.3.6 Adolescence
2.3.7 The Mature Woman
2.3.8 The Menopausal Transition
2.3.9 Perimenopause
2.3.10 Menopause and the Postmenopause 2.4 Other Important Hormones, Which Decrease with Age
2.4.1 Growth Hormone
2.4.2 Melatonin
2.5 Hormones That Are Important All Through Life
2.5.1 Thyroid Hormones
2.5.2 Insulin
2.5.3 Leptin
2.5.4 Stress Hormones
2.6 Summary for the Health Professional
2.7 Summary for the Climacteric Woman
References
Chapter 3: Menopause Treatments with Hormones
3.1 Treatment of Age-Related Hormone Deficiency in Menopause
3.1.1 Oestradiol
3.1.1.1 Oral Oestradiol (a)
3.1.1.2 Transdermal Oestradiol (b)
3.1.1.3 Vaginal Oestradiol
3.1.2 Oestriol
3.1.3 Progesterone 3.1.3.1 Oral Micronized Progesterone
3.1.3.2 Vaginal Progesterone
3.1.3.3 Percutaneous Progesterone
3.1.4 Androgens
3.1.4.1 Testosterone
3.1.4.2 DHEA
3.1.5 Phytoestrogens
3.1.6 Progestogens
3.1.7 Conjugated Equine Estrogens
3.2 Hormonal Treatment of Gynaecological Disorders During the Menopausal Transition
3.2.1 Progestins as Monotherapy
3.2.2 Progestogens + Oestradiol/Ethinyloestradiol (OC, Oral Contraceptive Pills)
3.3 Advantages and Disadvantages in the Use of Different Menopausal Hormone Treatments
3.4 Hormonal Treatment in Menopause After Cancer 3.5 Summary for the Health Professional
3.6 Summary for the Climacteric Woman
References
Chapter 4: Treatment with Female Hormones: Rise and Fall, Confusion and Comeback
4.1 Positive Attitudes to Female Hormones Until 2002
4.2 The Impact of the WHI Study, Misinterpretation and Confusion
4.3 Protests Against Female Hormone Treatment
4.4 Body-Identical Hormone Replacement Therapy: The European Development
4.5 Bio-identical Hormone Replacement Therapy (BHRT): The American Development
4.6 The Renaissance of the Hormonal Treatment
4.7 Summary for the Health Professional
4.8 Summary for the Climacteric Woman. - Articlede Haën C, Little SA, May JM, Williams RH.J Clin Invest. 1978 Oct;62(4):727-37.This work addressed the problem of heterogeneity of immunoreactive insulin (IRI) in human plasma. Subjects with normal glucose tolerance were given 75g of an oral glucose solution, followed in 30 min by an intravenous infusion of 30g of arginine over 30 min. At the end of the infusion blood was withdrawn for analysis. IRI was extracted from plasma of individual subject by immunosorbent columns and was fractionated by gel filtration, disc gel electrophoresis and isoelectric focusing. Human IRI components were identified by molecular size, immunoreactivity with a human proinsulin antibody, sensitivity to trypsin, and by comparison of electrophoretic mobility and isoelectric point with porcine pancreatic products, after suitable correction for electric charge and molecular weight differences. The pattern of IRI heterogeneity was the same among six healthy subjects. Heterogeneity of proinsulin-size IRI in circulation was more marked than that of insulin-size material. Proinsulin and desdipeptide proinsulin were present in approximately equal amounts accompanied by minor amounts of split proinsulin and monodesamido-desdipeptide proinsulin. Insulin-size IRI contained over 80% insulin. Minor amounts of monodesamidoinsulin and diarginylinsulin were observed in some cases. The types of IRI components observed in plasma are evidence in support of a physiologic role of trypsin-and carboxypeptidase B-like enzymes in the conversion of proinsulin to insulin. Moreover, this study provides a base line for investigation of abnormalities in proinsulin-to-insulin conversion that may be associated with certain pathologic states.