BookSeyed Mohammad Kazem Aghamir, editor.
Summary: This contributed volume emphasizes the potential of stem cells to be pertained in the urology field and attempts to disclose the history of the field up to the latest advances to date. It gathers the majority of papers that advocate utilizing stem cells as the best option for treating, diagnosing, and managing diseases related to urological system. This book covers a broad spectrum of issues, including mesenchymal stem cells, cancer stem cells, organoids, regenerative medicine, erectile dysfunction, bladder dysfunction, and kidney transplant. From several decades ago, as characteristic features of stem cells have been explored, it has attracted a great amount of interests. In view of their multiple capacity of differentiating into various lineages, many studies were conducted to assess their beneficial potential. Despite considerable progress into applying stem cells in animal models, for translating into clinical practices there are several obstacles to be resolved. However, few clinical studies have been performed in each field and outcomes were delightful. There is an ongoing hope for stem cells to someday, be the mainstream treatments of urological diseases, although stem cells treatments already exist they are not well-known. Indeed, this book is essential for anyone who is working with the purpose of employing stem cells to treat the urological diseases and discusses at length the latest advances as well as their limitations.
Contents:
Intro
Contents
Contributors
Chapter 1: Introduction
References
Chapter 2: Overview of Mesenchymal Stem Cells
2.1 Background
2.2 Stem Cell Characteristics
2.2.1 Differentiation
2.2.2 Anti-Inflammation Ability
2.2.3 Homing
2.3 Tissue Regeneration
2.4 Clinical Application
2.5 Conclusions
References
Chapter 3: Cancer Stem Cells
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Cancer Stem Cells Specific Properties
3.3 Testicular Germ Cell Tumors (TGSTs)
3.4 Prostate Cancer Stem Cells (PCSC)
3.5 Bladder Cancer Stem Cells (BCSC)
3.6 Renal Cancer Stem Cell (RCSC) 3.7 The Process of Epithelial to Mesenchymal Transformation (EMT)
3.8 Metastasis in Urothelial Cancer
3.9 Liquid Biopsy in Urological Malignancies
3.10 Conclusion
References
Chapter 4: Organoids
4.1 Introduction
4.2 History of Organoids
4.3 What Is an Organoid?
4.4 Organoids in Cystoplasty
4.5 Organoids in Pelvic Floor
4.6 Organoids in Urethra
4.7 Organoids in Ureter
4.8 Kidney and Organoids
4.9 MSC in Renal Disorders
4.10 Conclusions
References
Chapter 5: Regenerative Medicine in Urology
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Stem Cells 5.3 Embryonic Stem Cells
5.4 Perinatal Stem Cells
5.5 Adult Stem Cells
5.6 Wound Healing in Urology Using Mesenchymal Stromal Cells
5.7 Regenerative Medicine in Bladder
5.8 Regenerative Medicine for Bladder Using Cell Transplantation
5.9 Detrusor Dysfunction
5.10 Stress Urinary Incontinence
5.11 Penile Reconstruction
5.12 Penile Transplantation
5.13 Spermatogonial Stem Cell (SSC) Autotransplantation
5.14 Conclusion
References
Chapter 6: Erectile Dysfunctions
6.1 Stem Cell Niches
6.2 Endogenous Stem Cells
6.3 Stem Cells Mobilization 6.4 Stem Cell Localization
6.5 Penile Endogenous Stem Cells
6.6 Endogenous Stem Cell Activation
6.7 Conclusions
References
Chapter 7: Bladder Dysfunction
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Stem Cells Sources and Their Mechanism of Action in Bladder Dysfunction Recovery
7.3 Stem Cell Therapy and Pathogenic Models of Bladder Dysfunction
7.3.1 Bladder Outlet Model
7.3.2 Bladder Ischemia Model
7.3.3 Diabetes Model
7.3.4 Spinal Cord Injured Model
7.3.5 Cryo-Injured Model
7.3.6 Other Bladder Dysfunction Models
7.4 Regeneration of the Bladder
7.4.1 Tissue Engineering 7.4.2 Bioreactors
7.4.3 Bioprinting
7.5 Conclusion
References
Chapter 8: Transplant and Kidney Repair
8.1 MSC Immunomodulation
8.2 Renoprotective Modes of Action
8.3 Clinical Use of MSCs in Treatment of Kidney Diseases
8.4 Acute and Chronic Kidney Injury
8.5 AKI Induced by Ischemia/Reperfusion
8.6 AKI Induced by Chemotherapy
8.7 Chronic Kidney Disease
8.8 Diabetic Nephropathy
8.9 Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis
8.10 Polycystic Kidney Disease
8.11 Autoimmune Disease: Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
8.12 MSCs in Kidney Transplantation