Bookeditors, Ram Prasad and Thirugnanasambandham Karchiyappan.
Summary: The establishment of clean, safe water is one of the major challenges facing societies around the globe. The continued urbanization of human populations, the increasing manipulation of natural resources, and the resulting pollution are driving remarkable burden on water resources. Increasing demands for food, energy, and natural resources are expected to continue to accelerate in the near future in response to the demands of these changing human populations. In addition, the complexity of human activities is leading to a diversity of new chemical contaminants in the environment that represent a major concern for water managers. This will create increased pressure on both water quantity and quality, making it increasingly difficult to provide a sustainable supply of water for human welfare and activities. Although protection of water resources is the best long-term solution, we will also need innovative novel approaches and technologies to water treatment to ensure an adequate superior quality resource to meet these needs. Solving tomorrow's water issues will require unique approaches that incorporate emerging new technologies. Great advances have been made in the area of nanotechnology. Due to their unique physical and chemical properties, nanomaterials are extensively used in antibacterial medical products, membrane filters, electronics, catalysts, and biosensors. Nanoparticles can have distinctly different properties from their bulk counterparts, creating the opportunity for new materials with a diversity of applications. Recent developments related to water treatment include the potential use of carbon nanotubes, nanocompositae, nanospheres, nanofibers, and nanowires for the removal of a diversity of chemical pollutants. By exploiting the assets and structure of these new materials, such as increased surface area, high reactivity, and photocatalytic action, it will be possible to create technologies that can be very efficient at removing and degrading environmental pollutants. Understanding and using these unique properties should lead to innovative, cost-effective applications for addressing the complexities of emerging needs for water treatment and protection. Although still in the early stages, research into the application of nanotechnology shows great promise for solving some of these major global water issues. This comprehensive text describes the latest research and application methods in this rapidly advancing field.
Contents:
Intro; Preface; Contents; Contributors; About the Editors;
Chapter 1: Economic Assessment of Nanomaterials in Bio-Electrical Water Treatment; 1.1 Introduction; 1.2 Economic Assessment of BES Materials; 1.3 Nanomaterials Used BES; 1.3.1 Carbon-Based Nanomaterials; 1.3.2 Metal and Metal Composite Materials; 1.3.3 Minerals; 1.3.4 Anodes; 1.3.5 Cathodes; 1.4 Membranes and Electrolyte; 1.5 Conclusions; References;
Chapter 2: Bioconjugated Quantum Dots in Rapid Detection of Water Microbial Load: An Emerging Technology; 2.1 Introduction; 2.2 Most Common Waterborne Pathogens 2.3 Presently Employed Methods for the Detection of Waterborne Pathogens2.3.1 The HPC Test (Standard Plate Count); 2.3.2 Immunological Methods; 2.3.3 Genetic Methods; 2.3.4 DNA Sequencing; 2.3.5 Mass Spectrometry; 2.4 Quantum Dots; 2.5 Quantum Confinement Effect; 2.6 Photoluminescence; 2.7 Biomarkers of Pathogens; 2.8 Bioconjugation; 2.9 Direct Absorption; 2.10 Covalent Coupling; 2.11 Quantum Dots as a Biosensor for Pathogen Detection; 2.12 Conclusion; References;
Chapter 3: Water Pollution Remediation Techniques with Special Focus on Adsorption; 3.1 Introduction 3.2 Adsorption and Adsorbents3.2.1 Theory and Process of Adsorption; 3.2.2 Evaluation and Predictions Using Adsorption Isotherms; 3.2.3 Adsorbents; 3.2.4 Activated Carbon; 3.2.5 Metal Oxides and Hydroxides; 3.2.6 Activated and Impregnated Alumina; 3.2.7 Iron Oxides and Oxy-Hydroxides; 3.2.8 Natural and Synthetic Clay, Ores and Minerals; 3.2.9 Non-conventional Low-Cost Adsorbents; 3.2.10 Agricultural Waste and Byproducts; 3.2.11 Biopolymeric Adsorbents; 3.2.12 Industrial Byproducts and Wastes; 3.2.13 Nano-adsorbents; 3.3 Modes of Operation of Adsorption Process; 3.3.1 Batch Adsorption Process 3.3.2 Continuous Flow Adsorption Process3.4 Adsorption-Based Techniques Available for Drinking Water Purification; 3.5 Summary and Conclusion; References;
Chapter 4: Effect of Nano-TiO2 Particles on Mechanical Properties of Hydrothermal Aged Glass Fiber Reinforced Polymer Composit ... ; 4.1 Introduction; 4.2 Nano-TiO2; 4.3 Materials and Methods; 4.4 Void Content; 4.5 Water Diffusion Kinetics; 4.6 Flexural Strength; 4.7 Weibull Model Validation; 4.8 Interlaminar Shear Strength (ILSS); 4.9 Post-failure Analysis; 4.10 Glass Transition Temperature; 4.11 Conclusions; References
Chapter 5: Nanotechnology: An Innovative Way for Wastewater Treatment and Purification5.1 Introduction: Water and Water Technology; 5.2 Major Sources of Water Pollution; 5.2.1 Domestic Sewage; 5.2.2 Industrial Water Pollution; 5.2.3 Population Growth; 5.2.4 Pesticides and Fertilizers; 5.2.5 Plastics and Polythene Bags; 5.2.6 Urbanization; 5.2.7 Ground Pollution; 5.2.8 Agricultural Water Pollution; 5.3 Wastewater Treatments; 5.3.1 Primary Treatment of Wastewater; 5.3.2 Secondary Treatment; 5.3.3 Tertiary Treatment; 5.4 Wastewater Remediation; 5.4.1 Thermal Methods