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  • Book
    Pauline Hood, Ehsan Khan, editors.
    Summary: This textbook provides a structured, informed approach to the understanding and appreciation of drug action and effect providing a detailed description and discussion of pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics for nurses. The text focuses and emphasizes safe prescribing and administration of medication highlighting the possible harm to patient in terms of adverse reactions. This book also includes the seldom addressed facet of pharmacotherapeutics; drug formulation as applied to practice, and adverse reactions. It informs on the medication used to manage diabetes mellitus, respiratory disease, gastrointestinal tract, the central nervous system and many other affections. Uniting these essential pharmacological processes and applying them to physiological system based medications, this work highlights issues relevant to drug interaction and important nursing responsibilities associated with administration/prescribing. The overall aim of the text is to equip the nurse with an understanding of issues related to pharmacotherapeutics that is aligned to current nursing roles and statutory requirements. .

    Contents:
    Intro
    Preface
    Contents
    Part I: Legal and Ethical Issues
    1: Legal and Ethical Issues Associated with Medication
    1.1 Introduction
    1.2 Professionalism and Accountability
    1.3 Accountability
    1.4 Legal Component of Accountability
    1.5 Duty of Care
    1.6 Safeguards in Practice
    1.7 Consent
    1.8 Ethical Principles
    1.9 Summary
    1.10 Useful Websites [Accessed 12 March 2019]
    Multiple Choice Questions
    Answers
    References
    Further Reading
    Part II: Principles of Pharmacology
    2: Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics
    2.1 Introduction 2.2 Pharmacokinetics
    2.2.1 Absorption
    2.2.1.1 Oesophageal Transit
    2.2.1.2 Food
    2.2.1.3 Gastrointestinal Motility
    2.2.1.4 Drug Efflux Proteins
    2.2.1.5 First-Pass Effect
    2.2.1.6 Absorption Via Other Routes
    2.2.2 Distribution
    2.2.2.1 Fluid Compartments
    2.2.2.2 Volume of Distribution
    2.3 Drug Metabolism
    2.3.1 Enzymatic Defence
    2.3.2 Forms of Drug Metabolism
    2.3.3 Phase I Metabolism
    2.3.4 Phase II Metabolism
    2.3.5 Phase III Metabolism
    2.3.6 Enzyme Substrates
    2.3.6.1 Clinical Importance of Substrate Interactions 2.3.7 Enzyme Inhibitors
    2.3.8 Enzyme Inducers
    2.4 Clearance
    2.4.1 Renal Clearance
    2.4.1.1 Formation of the Concentration Gradient
    2.4.2 Liver Clearance
    2.5 Drug Half-Life
    2.6 Therapeutic Index
    2.7 Pharmacokinetics: Summary
    2.8 Pharmacodynamics
    2.9 Ion Channels
    2.10 Ligands
    2.11 Ion Pumps
    2.12 Receptor
    2.13 Enzymes
    2.14 Cell Membranes
    2.15 Receptor Theory
    2.15.1 Affinity
    2.16 Drug Interactions with Their Target
    2.16.1 Agonist
    2.16.2 Antagonists
    2.17 Categories
    2.18 Competitive Antagonism 2.18.1 Non-competitive Antagonist
    2.18.2 Partial Agonists
    2.19 Receptor Classification
    2.20 Summary
    Multiple Choice Questions
    Answers
    References
    3: Drug Formulations
    3.1 Introduction
    3.2 Necessity for Different Dosage Forms
    3.3 General Considerations in the Design of Dosage Forms
    3.4 Drug Stability
    3.5 Product Shelf Life
    3.6 Pharmaceutical Excipients
    3.7 Identifying Patient Reactions to Excipients in Practice
    3.8 Summary
    3.9 Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms
    3.9.1 Introduction
    3.9.2 Solid Dosage Forms
    3.9.3 Capsules 3.9.4 Tablets
    3.9.5 Compressed Tablets
    3.9.6 Buccal or Sublingual Tablets
    3.9.7 Extended-Release Dosage Forms
    3.9.8 Guidance on Dosage Forms That Cannot Be Altered
    3.9.9 Semi-solid Dosage Forms
    3.9.9.1 Creams
    3.9.9.2 Hydrophobic Creams (w/o)
    3.9.9.3 Hydrophilic Creams (o/w)
    3.9.9.4 Gels
    3.9.9.5 Hydrophobic Gels
    3.9.9.6 Hydrophilic Gels
    3.9.9.7 Ointments
    3.9.9.8 Hydrophobic Ointments
    3.9.9.9 Water-Emulsifying Ointments
    3.9.9.10 Hydrophilic Ointments
    3.9.9.11 Pastes
    3.9.10 Guidance for the Use of Semi-solid Forms
    Digital Access Springer 2020