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  • Book
    Benjamin J. Hazen, Shishir K. Maithel, Ravi R. Rajani, Jahnavi Srinivasan, editors.
    Summary: Comprehensive and high-yield, this text is a digestible resource for the major anatomic, physiologic, and therapeutic principles of surgical diseases. Rather than focus on clinical presentation and pre-operative management, it presents sensible algorithmic approaches to treatment for each pathology, with particular attention to operative options. This allows the reader to develop a large armamentarium of surgical options to safely treat surgical problems and aid in the decision-making process in an organized fashion, with critical steps and techniques of specific operations included in each chapter. Importantly, this book provides a concise list of steps for common surgical operations, namely those frequently encountered during the Certifying Oral Board exam after completing residency, which is uncommon in the currently available study material. Chapters also include suggested readings and summaries of pivotal studies on the specific topics, serving as an easy reference for the content provided. The topics covered begin with pre-operative evaluation and anesthesiology, then proceed anatomically across all relevant body systems and organs, as well as trauma, transplantation, pediatric surgery, and much more. Written with senior-level general surgery residents preparing for the qualifying (written) and certifying (oral) board examinations clearly in mind, it will also be valuable to all levels of trainees preparing for the annual American Board of Surgery In-service Training Exam (ABSITE) as well as medical students with an interest in surgical training and trainees in their fellowship after completing residency.

    Contents:
    Intro
    Foreword
    Preface
    Contents
    Editors and Contributors
    Editors
    Associate Editors
    Contributors
    1: Pre-operative Evaluation and Management
    ASA Physical Status
    Significance of ASA Physical Status
    Determination of ASA Physical Status
    Preoperative Fasting Guidelines
    Selection and Timing of Preoperative Tests
    Echocardiography, Stress Testing, and Cardiac Catheterization Before Surgery
    Stratification of Low, Intermediate, and High-Risk Surgical Procedures
    Risk Factors for Perioperative Adverse Cardiac Event
    Assessment of Exercise Tolerance Perioperative Medication Management
    Special Considerations for Cardiac Implantable Electronic Devices (CIEDs)
    Electrocautery and CIED Safety
    Special Considerations for Patients with Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA)
    References
    2: Anesthesiology
    Anesthesia Providers
    Anesthetic Technique
    General Anesthesia
    Monitored Anesthesia Care (MAC) [1]
    Moderate Sedation
    Regional Anesthesia
    Monitors [2]
    Standard ASA monitors
    Hemodynamic Monitoring
    Neuromonitoring
    Pharmacology
    Inhalational Anesthetics (Nitrous Oxide, Isoflurane, Sevoflurane, Desflurane) Intravenous Anesthetics
    Propofol [2]
    Barbiturates: Thiopental, Methohexital, Pentobarbital [2]
    Benzodiazepines (Midazolam, Diazepam, Lorazepam) [2]
    Phencyclidines (Ketamine) [2]
    Etomidate [2]
    Dexmedetomidine [2, 3]
    Local Anesthetics [2]
    Opioids
    Non-Opioid Analgesics [4]
    Neuromuscular Blockers
    Depolarizing: Succinylcholine (only agent in clinical use) [2]
    Non-Depolarizing
    Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting (PONV) [5, 6]
    Airway Management
    Bag Valve Mask (BVM) Ventilation ("Bag Masking") [4]
    Supraglottic Airways (SGA) [4] Intubation and Specialized Endotrachial Tubes (ETT)
    RSI (Rapid Sequence Induction) [4]
    Difficult Airway [4, 7]
    Extubation [4]
    PACU Discharge Criteria [5]
    References
    3: Nutrition
    Introduction
    Anatomy
    Small Intestine
    Large Intestine
    Physiology
    Fat Digestion
    Carbohydrate Digestion
    Protein Digestion
    Enteral vs. Parenteral Nutrition
    Enteral: Tube Feeds
    Parenteral: PPN vs TPN
    Calculating TPN (Fig. 3.2)
    Malnutrition
    Short Bowel Syndrome (SBS)
    Refeeding Syndrome
    Permissive Underfeeding: 15-20 kcal/kg/day
    Overfeeding TPN-Associated Liver Abnormalities
    Transitional Feeding: TPN to Enteral Nutrition
    Calculations (Fig. 3.4)
    Surgical Options for Enteral Access
    PEG (Percutaneous Endoscopic Gastrostomy): Three Approaches [5]
    "Pull:" (Most Common)
    "Push:" (Often Used by Radiologists, Under Fluoroscopy)
    Introducer
    Laparoscopic Gastrostomy Tube [6]
    References
    4: Hematology/Blood Products
    Coagulation Cascade (Fig. 4.1)
    Thromboelastography
    Initiating or Resuming Anticoagulation
    Thrombolytics
    Hypocoagulable States
    Heparin-Induced Thrombocytopenia
    Etiology
    Types
    Digital Access Springer [2023]
doi:10.1007/978-3-031-25596-0