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  • Article
    Pissaridou P, Vasselon V, Christou A, Chonova T, Papatheodoulou A, Drakou K, Tziortzis I, Dörflinger G, Rimet F, Bouchez A, Vasquez MI.
    Chemosphere. 2021 Jun;272:129814.
    Human activities are the leading cause of environmental impairments. Appropriate biomonitoring of ecosystems is needed to assess these activities effectively. In freshwater ecosystems, periphytic and epilithic biofilms have diatom assemblages. These assemblages respond rapidly to environmental changes, making diatoms valuable bioindicators. For this reason, freshwater biomonitoring programs are currently using diatoms (e.g., Water Framework Directive). In the past ten years, DNA metabarcoding coupled with next-generation sequencing and bioinformatics represents a complementary approach for diatom biomonitoring. In this study, this approach is used for the first time in Cyprus by considering the association of environmental and anthropogenic pressures to diatom assemblages. Statistical analysis was then applied to identify the environmental (i.e., river types, geo-morphological) and anthropogenic (i.e., physicochemical, human land-use pressures) variables' role in the observed diatom diversity. Results indicate differences in diatom assemblages between intermittent and perennial rivers. Achnanthidium minutissimum was more abundant in intermittent rivers; whereas Amphora pediculus and Planothidium caputium in perennial ones. Additionally, we could demonstrate the correlation between nutrients (e.g., nitrogen, phosphorus), stations' local characteristics (e.g., elevation), and land use activities on the observed differences in diatom diversity. Finally, we conclude that multi-stressors and anthropogenic pressures together as multiple stressors have a significant statistical relationship to the observed diatom diversity and play a pivotal role in determining Cyprus' rivers' ecological status.
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  • Article
    Redondo-Hasselerharm PE, Rico A, Koelmans AA.
    J Hazard Mater. 2023 01 05;441:129814.
    Determining the risks of microplastics is difficult because data is of variable quality and cannot be compared. Although sediments are important sinks for microplastics, no holistic risk assessment framework is available for this compartment. Here we assess the risks of microplastics in freshwater sediments worldwide, using strict quality criteria and alignment methods. Published exposure data were screened for quality using new criteria for microplastics in sediment and were rescaled to the standard 1-5000 µm microplastic size range. Threshold effect data were also screened for quality and were aligned to account for the polydispersity of environmental microplastics and for their bioaccessible fraction. Risks were characterized for effects triggered by food dilution or translocation, using ingested particle volume and surface area as ecologically relevant metrics, respectively. Based on species sensitivity distributions, we determined Hazardous Concentrations for 5% of the species (HC5, with 95% CI) of 4.9 × 109 (6.6 × 107 - 1.9 × 1011) and 1.1 × 1010 (3.2 × 108 - 4.0 × 1011) particles / kg sediment dry weight, for food dilution and translocation, respectively. For all locations considered, exposure concentrations were either below or in the margin of uncertainty of the HC5 values. We conclude that risks from microplastics to benthic communities cannot be excluded at current concentrations in sediments worldwide.
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  • Article
    Zhang DG, Zhao T, Hogstrand C, Ye HM, Xu XJ, Luo Z.
    Food Chem. 2021 Oct 30;360:129814.
    At present, the harmful effects and relevant mechanism of oxidized fish oils on fish and fish cells remain unknown. Our study found that oxidized fish oils increased lipogenesis, and reduced lipolysis, activated oxidative stress by decreasing glutathione peroxidase (GPX) activity, increasing malondialdhyde (MDA) content and damaging mitochondrial structure, and activated autophagy in the liver of yellow catfish; oxidized eicosapentaenoic acid (oxEPA) induced oxidative stress in yellow catfish hepatocytes. Oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction and lipophagy mediated oxEPA induced-variations in lipid metabolism. Our further investigation indicated that oxEPA-activated lipophagy was via inhibiting the DNA binding capacity of the cAMP-response element binding protein (CREB)-1 to the region of Bcl-2 promoter, which in turn suppressed the binding activity of Bcl-2 to Beclin1 and promoted autophagosome formation. For the first time, our study elucidated the mechanisms of oxidized fish oils-induced lipid deposition by the oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction and CREB1-Bcl-2-Beclin1 pathway in fish.
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  • Article
    Islam T, Nguyen-Vo TP, Cho S, Lee J, Gaur VK, Park S.
    Bioresour Technol. 2023 Dec;389:129814.
    1,3-Butanediol (1,3-BDO) finds versatile applications in the cosmetic, chemical, and food industries. This study focuses on the metabolic engineering of Escherichia coli K12 to achieve efficient production of 1,3-BDO from glucose via acetoacetyl-CoA, 3-hydroxybutyryl-CoA, and 3-hydroxybutyraldehyde. The accumulation of an intermediary metabolite (pyruvate) and a byproduct (3-hydroxybutyric acid) was reduced by disruption of the negative transcription factor (PdhR) for pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDHc) and employing an efficient alcohol dehydrogenase (YjgB), respectively. Additionally, to improve NADPH availability, carbon flux was redirected from the Embden-Meyerhof-Parnas (EMP) pathway to the Entner-Doudoroff (ED) pathway. One resulting strain achieved a record-high titer of 790 mM (∼71.1 g/L) with a yield of 0.65 mol/mol for optically pure (R)-1,3-BDO, with an enantiomeric excess (e.e.) value of 98.5 %. These findings are useful in the commercial production of 1,3-BDO and provide valuable insights into the development of an efficient cell factory for other acetyl-CoA derivatives.
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  • Article
    Awais M, Hayat T, Irum S, Alsaedi A.
    PLoS One. 2015;10(6):e0129814.
    Analysis has been done to investigate the heat generation/absorption effects in a steady flow of non-Newtonian nanofluid over a surface which is stretching linearly in its own plane. An upper convected Maxwell model (UCM) has been utilized as the non-Newtonian fluid model in view of the fact that it can predict relaxation time phenomenon which the Newtonian model cannot. Behavior of the relaxations phenomenon has been presented in terms of Deborah number. Transport phenomenon with convective cooling process has been analyzed. Brownian motion "Db" and thermophoresis effects "Dt" occur in the transport equations. The momentum, energy and nanoparticle concentration profiles are examined with respect to the involved rheological parameters namely the Deborah number, source/sink parameter, the Brownian motion parameters, thermophoresis parameter and Biot number. Both numerical and analytic solutions are presented and found in nice agreement. Comparison with the published data is also made to ensure the validity. Stream lines for Maxwell and Newtonian fluid models are presented in the analysis.
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  • Article
    Breilly D, Dumarçay S, Froidevaux V, Boustingorry P, Fadlallah S, Allais F.
    Int J Biol Macromol. 2024 Mar;261(Pt 2):129814.
    Modification of lignin plays a crucial role in extending its applications. While chemical functionalization has been extensively applied, exploring the enzyme-catalyzed approach for grafting phenolic molecules presents a promising avenue. Herein, we investigate the controlled laccase-mediated grafting of vanillin onto lignosulfonates (LS) as a sustainable approach to introduce aldehydes into LS, paving the way for further (bio)chemical functionalizations (e.g., reductive amination and Knoevenagel-Doebner condensations). The resulting vanillin-grafted LS is comprehensively characterized (HPLC, SEC, Pyrolysis-GC/MS, FTIR). The study reveals four key steps in the grafting process: (i) vanillin acts as a mediator, generating the phenoxyl radical that initiates LS oxidation, (ii) the oxidation leads to depolymerization of LS, resulting in a decrease in molecular weight, (iii) rearrangement in the vanillin-grafted LS, evidenced by the replacement of labile bonds by stronger 5-5 bonds that resist to pyrolysis, and (iv) if the reaction is prolonged after complete consumption of vanillin, condensation of the vanillin-grafted LS occurs, leading to a significant increase in molecular weight. This study provides valuable insights on the behavior of vanillin and LS throughout the process and allows to identify the optimal reaction conditions, thereby enhancing the production of vanillin-grafted LS for its subsequent functionalization.
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  • Article
    Dennis DG, Joo Sun Y, Parsons DE, Mahajan VB, Smith M.
    Bioorg Med Chem Lett. 2024 Sep 01;109:129814.
    High temperature requirement A serine peptidase 1 (HTRA1) is a serine protease involved in an array of signaling pathways. It is also responsible for the regulation of protein aggregates via refolding, translocation, and degradation. It has subsequently been found that runaway proteolytic HTRA1 activity plays a role in a variety of diseases, including Age-Related Macular Degeneration (AMD), osteoarthritis, and Rheumatoid Arthritis. Selective inhibition of serine protease HTRA1 therefore offers a promising new strategy for the treatment of these diseases. Herein we disclose structure-activity-relationship (SAR) studies which identify key interactions responsible for binding affinity of small molecule inhibitors to HTRA1. The study results in highly potent molecules with IC50's less than 15 nM and excellent selectivity following a screen of 35 proteases.
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  • Book
    Rohini Nadgir, Doris D.M. Lin, and David M. Yousem.
    Summary: Focusing on high-yield information, Neuroradiology: The Core Requisites, 5th Edition emphasizes the basics to help you establish a foundational understanding of neuroradiology during rotations, prepare for the core and certifying exams, and refresh your knowledge of key concepts. This completely rewritten and reorganized edition emphasizes the essential knowledge you need in an easy-to-read format, with thorough updates that cover new imaging modalities, the latest guidelines, and integration of physics information throughout. Emphasizes the essentials in a templated, quick-reference format that includes numerous outlines, tables, pearls, boxed material, and bulleted content for easy reading, reference, and recall. Prioritizes and explains key information to help you efficiently and effectively prepare for board exams. Helps you build and solidify conceptual, technical, and interpretive core knowledge needed for imaging the brain, spine, and head and neck. Features hundreds of high-quality images, including diffusion weighted imaging, perfusion imaging, MR and CT angiography, and MR spectroscopy.

    Contents:
    Intro
    Title page
    Table of Contents
    Any screen, Any time, Anywhere
    Copyright
    Dedication
    List of Contributors
    Foreword
    Neuroradiology: Core Requisites, 5e
    Preface
    Part I: Brain
    1. Cranial Anatomy
    Topographic Anatomy Supratentorial Brain
    Infratentorial Brain
    White Matter Tracts
    Meninges and Associated Potential Spaces
    Ventricular System, Cerebrospinal Fluid, and Cerebrospinal Fluid Spaces
    Physiologic Calcifications
    Cranial Nerves
    Functional Anatomy
    Neural Systems
    Vascular Anatomy
    Skull Base Foramina
    2. Intracranial Neoplasms
    Relevant Anatomy
    Imaging Techniques/Protocols
    Pathology
    Posttreatment Evaluation
    3. Vascular Diseases of the Brain
    Relevant Anatomy
    Imaging Techniques/Protocols
    Pathologies
    4. Head Trauma
    Relevant Anatomy
    Imaging Techniques/Protocols
    Pathology
    5. Infectious and Noninfectious Inflammatory Disease of the Brain
    Abstract
    Relevant Anatomy
    Imaging Techniques/Protocols
    Pathology
    Specific Types/Patterns of Intracranial Infections
    6. White Matter Disease
    Relevant Anatomy
    Imaging Techniques/Protocols
    Pathology
    7. Neurodegenerative Diseases and Hydrocephalus
    Anatomic Considerations: Hydrocephalus versus Atrophy
    Imaging Techniques and Protocols
    Pathology
    Atrophy
    Metabolic Disorders
    8. Congenital Anomalies of the Central Nervous System
    Relevant Embryology
    Imaging Techniques/Protocols
    Supratentorial Congenital Lesions
    Infratentorial Abnormalities
    Other Congenital Malformations
    Congenital Infections
    Phakomatoses
    Congenital Spinal Anomalies
    Skull Anomalies
    Perinatal Injury
    Part II: Head and Neck
    9. Orbit
    Relevant Anatomy
    Imaging Techniques/Protocols
    Pathology
    10. Sella and Central Skull Base
    Relevant Anatomy
    Imaging Techniques/Protocols. Pathology
    11. Temporal Bone
    Relevant Anatomy
    Imaging Techniques/Protocols
    Pathology
    12. Sinonasal Disease
    Relevant Anatomy
    Imaging Techniques/Protocols
    Pathology
    13. Mucosal and Nodal Disease of the Head and Neck
    Relevant Anatomy
    Imaging Techniques/Protocol
    Pathology
    Posttreatment Imaging
    Future Cancer Risk
    14. Extramucosal Disease of the Head and Neck
    Relevant Anatomy
    VISCERAL SPACE
    Imaging Techniques
    Pathology Common to Multiple Extramucosal Spaces
    Pathology Isolated to Specific Extramucosal Spaces
    Masticator Space
    Temporomandibular Joint
    Dentition/Jaw
    Prestyloid Parapharyngeal Space
    Carotid Space/Poststyloid Parapharyngeal Space
    Retropharyngeal Space
    Perivertebral Space
    Brachial Plexus
    Thyroid Gland
    Parathyroid Gland
    Part III: Spine
    15. Degenerative Disease of the Spine
    Relevant Anatomy
    Imaging Techniques/Protocols
    Pathology
    16. Non-degenerative Disease of the Spine
    Relevant Anatomy
    Imaging Techniques/Protocols
    Pathology
    Index.
    Digital Access ClinicalKey [2025]