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- ArticleBrown JA, Lee AJ, Pasquini L, Seeley WW.Neuroimage. 2022 11 01;261:119526.The human brain exhibits a diverse yet constrained range of activity states. While these states can be faithfully represented in a low-dimensional latent space, our understanding of the constitutive functional anatomy is still evolving. Here we applied dimensionality reduction to task-free and task fMRI data to address whether latent dimensions reflect intrinsic systems and if so, how these systems may interact to generate different activity states. We find that each dimension represents a dynamic activity gradient, including a primary unipolar sensory-association gradient underlying the global signal. The gradients appear stable across individuals and cognitive states, while recapitulating key functional connectivity properties including anticorrelation, modularity, and regional hubness. We then use dynamical systems modeling to show that gradients causally interact via state-specific coupling parameters to create distinct brain activity patterns. Together, these findings indicate that a set of dynamic, intrinsic spatial gradients interact to determine the repertoire of possible brain activity states.
- ArticleChen M, Mac-Béar J, Ropartz D, Lahaye M.Carbohydr Polym. 2022 Aug 15;290:119526.Within the apple pomace biorefinery cascade processing framework aiming at adding value to an agroindustrial waste, after pectin recovery, this study focused on hemicellulose. The structure of the major apple hemicellulose, xyloglucan (XyG), was assessed as a prerequisite to potential developments in industrial applications. DMSO-LiCl and 4 M KOH soluble hemicelluloses from pectin-extracted apple pomace were purified by anion exchange chromatography. XyG structure was assessed by coupling xyloglucanase and endo-β-1,4-glucanase digestions to HPAEC and MALDI-TOF MS analyses. 71.9% of pomaces hemicellulose were recovered with starch. DMSO-LiCl and 4 M KOH soluble XyG exhibited Mw of 19 and 140 kDa, respectively. Besides the XXXG, XLXG, XXLG, XXFG, XLFG and XLLG structures, novel oligosaccharides with degree of polymerization of 6-10 were observed after xyloglucanase digestion. Cellobiose and cellotriose were revealed randomly distributed in XyG backbone and were more present in DMSO-LiCl soluble XyG. Residual pomace remains a potential source of other materials.
- ArticleAli I, Tan X, Li J, Peng C, Wan P, Naz I, Duan Z, Ruan Y.Water Res. 2023 Feb 15;230:119526.Microplastics and nanoplastics are being assumed as emerging toxic pollutants owing to their unique persistent physicochemical attributes, chemical stability, and nonbiodegradable nature. Owing to their possible toxicological impacts (not only on aquatic biota but also on humans), scientific communities are developing innovative technologies to remove microplastics and nanoplastics from polluted waters. Various technologies, including adsorption, coagulation, photocatalysis, bioremediation, and filtration, have been developed and employed to eliminate microplastics and nanoplastics. Recently, adsorption technology has been getting great interest in capturing microplastics and nanoplastics and achieving excellent removal performance. Therefore, this review is designed to discuss recent innovations in developing promising adsorbents for the remediation of microplastics and nanoplastics from wastewater and natural water. The developed adsorbents have been classified into four main classes: sponge/aerogel-based, metal-based, biochar-based, and other developed adsorbents, and their performance efficiencies have been critically examined. Further, the influence of various pertinent factors, including adsorbents' characteristics, microplastics/nanoplastics' characteristics, solution pH, reaction temperature, natural organic matter, and co-existing/interfering ions on the removal performance of advanced adsorbents, have been critically assessed. Importantly, the particle application of the developed adsorbents in removing microplastics and nanoplastics from natural water has been elucidated. In addition, barriers to market penetration of the developed adsorbents are briefly discussed to help experts transfer adsorption-based technology from laboratory-scale to commercial applications. Finally, the current knowledge gaps and future recommendations are highlighted to assist scientific communal for improving adsorption-based technologies to battle against microplastics and nanoplastics pollution.
- ArticleXu Y, Luo B, Jia R, Xiao J, Wang X, Yang Y, Xue S, Zeng Z, Brown RW, Zang H.J Environ Manage. 2024 Jan 01;349:119526.Recycling livestock manure in agroecosystems can maintain crop production, improve soil fertility, and reduce environmental losses. However, there has been no comprehensive assessment of synergies and trade-offs in the food-energy-soil-environment nexus under manure application. Here, we evaluate the sustainability of maize production under four fertilization regimes (mineral, mineral and manure mixed, manure, and no fertilization) from the aspect of food security, energy output, soil quality, and environmental impact based on a five-year field experiment. Manure and mineral mixed fertilization maintained grain and straw quantity and quality compared with mineral fertilization. Manure and mineral mixed fertilization increased stem/leaf ratio and field residue index by 9.1-28.9% and 4.5-17.9%, respectively. Manure also maintained the theoretical ethanol yield but reduced the straw biomass quality index by increasing ash. Further, manure application increased the soil quality index by 40.5% and reduced N2O emissions by 55.0% compared with mineral fertilization. Manure application showed the highest sustainability performance index of 19, followed by mineral (15), mixed (13), and without fertilization (8). In conclusion, manure application maintains food production and energy output, enhances soil quality, and reduces environmental impact, thereby improving the sustainability of maize production.
- ArticleJiang T, Luo J, Pan X, Zheng H, Yang H, Zhang L, Hu X.Life Sci. 2021 Aug 01;278:119526.AIMS: White matter damage is the main pathological feature of chronic cerebral hypoperfusion (CCH) and glial activation is crucial in this process. Physical exercise has protective effects on CCH, but the mechanism is unclear. Therefore, this study focuses on investigating the influence of physical exercise on activated astrocytes polarization and its role in CCH.
MAIN METHODS: Rats were given wheel running 48 h after 2VO (2 vessel occlusion) surgery. The cognitive function was evaluated by Morris water maze and novel object recognition test. Inflammatory cytokines expressions were detected by ELISA. Astrocytes polarization was analyzed by immunofluorescence. Myelin debris clearance and remyelination were detected by immunofluorescence and transmission electron microscopy.
KEY FINDINGS: Astrocytes were activated and mainly switched to A1 phenotype in rats 2 and 3 months after 2VO. Myelin debris deposition and limited remyelination can be observed at the corresponding time. Whereas physical exercise can improve the cognitive function of 2VO rats, downregulate the expression of inflammatory factors IL-1α, C1q and TNF, upregulate the release of TGFβ, and promote activated astrocytes transformation from A1 to A2 phenotype. In addition, it can also enhance myelin debris removal and remyelination.
SIGNIFICANCE: These findings suggest that the benefits of physical exercise on white matter repair and cognition improvement may be related to its regulation of astrocytes polarization, which contributes to myelin debris clearance and effective remyelination in CCH. - ArticleChen X, Zhang Z, Abed AM, Lin L, Zhang H, Escorcia-Gutierrez J, Shohan AAA, Ali E, Xu H, Assilzadeh H, Zhen L.Environ Res. 2024 Nov 01;260:119526.Rainwater Harvesting (RWH) is increasingly recognized as a vital sustainable practice in urban environments, aimed at enhancing water conservation and reducing energy consumption. This study introduces an innovative integration of nano-composite materials as Silver Nanoparticles (AgNPs) into RWH systems to elevate water treatment efficiency and assess the resulting environmental and energy-saving benefits. Utilizing a regression analysis approach with Support Vector Machines (SVM) and K-Nearest Neighbors (KNN), this study will reach the study objective. In this study, the inputs are building attributes, environmental parameters, sociodemographic factors, and the algorithms SVM and KNN. At the same time, the outputs are predicted energy consumption, visual comfort outcomes, ROC-AUC values, and Kappa Indices. The integration of AgNPs into RWH systems demonstrated substantial environmental and operational benefits, achieving a 57% reduction in microbial content and 20% reductions in both chemical usage and energy consumption. These improvements highlight the potential of AgNPs to enhance water safety and reduce the environmental impact of traditional water treatments, making them a viable alternative for sustainable water management. Additionally, the use of a hybrid SVM-KNN model effectively predicted building energy usage and visual comfort, with high accuracy and precision, underscoring its utility in optimizing urban building environments for sustainability and comfort.
- ArticleBurke SD, Seaward AV, Ramshaw H, Smith GN, Virani S, Croy BA, Lima PD.PLoS One. 2015;10(3):e0119526.Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (T1DM) is characterized by an augmented pro-inflammatory immune state. This contributes to the increased risk for gestational complications observed in T1DM mothers. In normal pregnancies, critical immunological changes occur, including the massive recruitment of lymphocytes, particularly CD56bright NK cells, into early decidua basalis and a 2nd trimester shift towards Type 2 immunity. Decidual CD56bright NK cells arise at least partly from circulating progenitors expressing adhesion molecules SELL and ITGA4 and the chemokine receptors CXCR3 and CXCR4. In vitro studies show that T1DM reduces interactions between blood CD56+ NK cells and decidual endothelial cells by reducing SELL and ITGA4-based interactions. To address the mechanisms by which specific lymphocyte subsets may be recruited from the circulation during pregnancy and whether these mechanisms are altered in T1DM, flow cytometry was used to examine eight peripheral blood lymphocyte subsets (Type 1 (IL18R1+) and Type 2 (IL1RL1+) CD56bright NK, CD56dim NK, NKT and T cells) from control and T1DM women. Blood was collected serially over pregnancy and postpartum, and lymphocytes were compared for expression of homing receptors SELL, ITGA4, CXCR3, and CXCR4. The decline of Type 1/Type 2 immune cells in normal pregnancy was driven by an increase in Type 2 cells that did not occur in T1DM. CD56bright NK cells from control women had the highest expression of all four receptors with greatest expression in 2nd trimester. At this time, these receptors were expressed at very low levels by CD56bright NK cells from TIDM patients. Type 1/Type 2 NKT cell ratios were not influenced by either pregnancy or TIDM. Our results suggest that T1DM alters immunological balances during pregnancy with its greatest impact on CD56bright NK cells. This implicates CD56bright NK cells in diabetic pregnancy complications.
- ArticleSun X, Guo L, Luo D, Yu RQ, Yu X, Liang Y, Liu Z, Wu Y.Environ Pollut. 2022 Aug 15;307:119526.With the dramatic increase in anthropogenic threats to the Pearl River Estuary (PRE), the population size of the Indo-Pacific humpback dolphins (Sousa chinensis) has significantly decreased over the past decade. To understand the impact and potential risks of intense human activities on these dolphins, factors related to the mortality of humpback dolphins in the PRE were investigated by a detailed examination of 343 dolphin specimens stranded during 2003-2017. There was a significant (p < 0.01) increasing trend for humpback dolphin stranding, reflecting the accelerating rate of the population decline. A large proportion of strandings (35.88%) were neonates. A low recruitment rate implies slow population growth, and hence, limited capacity to resist anthropogenic stress. The most commonly diagnosed causes of death were vessel collision and net entanglement. The concentrations of trace metals, polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) congeners, dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and most of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) in the dolphin samples were greater than those previously reported in cetaceans globally. Furthermore, Cu, PCB77, PCB169, PCB81, PCB37, and PFASs (excluding PFBA, PFPeA, PFHxA, PFHxDA, and PFODA) were the major pollutants accumulated in neonates. 67% of PCB, 78% of Cu, and 100% of perfluorooctane sulfonate concentrations in the neonates exceeded the threshold for toxicological effects in marine mammals, suggesting that these compounds could be important factors contributing to the low survival rate of calves in this area. This study revealed that vessel transportation, fishing activities, and pollutant bioaccumulation are the three major causes of humpback dolphin mortality in the PRE. These results highlight the need for more efforts to restrict anthropogenic activities, especially vessel traffic, the catching of these marine animals and fishing, and pollutant discharge, in order to prevent vulnerable species from continuous population decline and further extinction.
- ArticleWang J, He J, Zhang J, Chen Z, Liang J, Chen L.Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc. 2021 May 05;252:119526.In this work, a dual-functional Cu2+-based ensemble (2S·Cu2+) was well designed and characterized. Then, the successional and discriminating sensing for CN- over other competitive species (H2PO4- and biothiols) was achieved based on the disaggregation of 2S·Cu2+ ensemble and the deprotonation of imidazole NH of regenerated sensor S in aqueous solution, respectively. The visual sensing mechanism could be clearly demonstrated by 1H NMR, HRMS and energy changes between the HOMO-LUMO band gaps. Furthermore, the reversibility and reusability of S and 2S·Cu2+ upon alternating addition of CN-/H+ and CN-/Cu2+ were studied. Interestingly, the sequential sensing for biothiols (cysteine, glutathione and homocysteine) and CN- was also realized through spectroscopic methodology and test paper strips. This work may provide a feasible strategy to discriminate CN- over H2PO4- and biothiols with high selectivity and sensitivity through Cu2+-based ensembles.
- Bookedited by Anuj Kumar and Ram K. Gupta.Summary: Bioelectronics is emerging as a new area of research where electronics can selectively detect, record, and monitor physiological signals. This is a rapidly expanding area of medical research, that relies heavily on multidisciplinary technology development and cutting-edge research in chemical, biological, engineering, and physical science. This book provides extensive information on the (i) fundamental concepts of bioelectronics, (ii) materials for the developments of bioelectronics such as implantable electronics, self-powered devices, bioelectronic sensors, flexible bioelectronics, etc, and (iii) an overview of the trends and gathering of the latest bioelectronic progress. This book will broaden our knowledge about newer technologies and processes used in bioelectronics.
Contents:
Introduction to bioelectronics / Anuj Kumar, Shumaila Ibraheem, Ghulam Yasin, and Ram K. Gupta
Materials and their classifications in bioelectronics / Lorena Duarte-Peña, Julián E. Sánchez-Velandia, Felipe López-Saucedo, and Emilio Bucio
2D materials for bioelectronics / Piyush Sharma, Shagun Kainth, and P.K. Diwan
Materials for organic bioelectronics / Giuseppe M. Paternò and Guglielmo Lanzani
Nanomaterials and Lab-on-a-Chip technologies / Noorhashimah Mohamad Nor, Nurul Hidayah Ramli, Nor Dyana Zakaria, and Khairunisak Abdul Razak
CMOS bioelectronics : current and future trends / Ching-Yi Lin, Md. Sakibur Sajal, Yann Gilpin, Fahimeh Dehghandehnavi, Anna Batueva, Kai-Chun Lin, Nicole McFarlane, and Marc Dandin
Identification of the scientific and technological trajectory in the area of bioelectronics : a patent and networks analysis / Alejandro Barragán-Ocaña, Paz Silva-Borjas, and María de los Ángeles Olvera-Treviño
Innovative electronic approaches for biomarker detection / Ummama Saeed, Batool Fatima, and Muhammad Najam-ul-Haq
Bioinspired prosthetic interfaces for bioelectronics / Saadat Majeed, Muhammad Umer Farooq, Sayed Tayyab Raza Naqvi, Naeem Akhtar Khan, Batool Fatima, Dilshad Hussain, Fahad Ali, and Muhammad Najam Ul Haq
Biocompatible and biodegradable organic transistors / Selcan Karakuş, Nazlı Albayrak, Sinem Özlem Enginler
Microbial nanowires / Ahmed Marroki and Leila Bousmaha-Marroki
Semiconducting nanostructured materials for bioelectronics / Jayshree Khedkar, Anil M. Palve, and Ram K. Gupta
Wide-bandgap semiconductors for bioelectronics / Giovana A. Parolin, Alessandra S. Menandro, Rebeca R. Rodrigues, and Laura O. Péres
Recent advancements in MOFs based nanogenerators for bioelectronics / Ajith Mohan Arjun, Kiran Kumar Garlapati, and Pathath Abdul Rasheed
MXenes-based composites for bioelectronics / Manjushree S. G, Prashanth S. Adarakatti, Abdulraheem SA Almalki, and A. Alhadhrami
Bioelectronics with graphene nanostructures / Sobhi Daniel, Praveena Malliyil Gopi, and Mohammed Essac Mohamed
Nanomaterial-assisted bioelectronic devices towards biocomputer / Jinho Yoon, Joungpyo Lim, Jinmyeong Kim, Minkyu Shin, Taek Lee, and Jeong-Woo Choi
Conductive hydrogels for bioelectronics / Meenakshi Singh, Manjeet Harijan, Ritu Singh, and Akriti Srivastava
Conducting polymer composites for metabolite sensing / Zondi Nate, John Alake, Darko Kwabena Adu, Blessing Wisdom Ike, and Rajshekhar Karpoormath
Self-powered devices : a new paradigm in biomedical engineering / Apurba Das and Pamu Dobbidi
Implantable microelectronics / Mario Birkholz
Printable and flexible biosensors / Khairunnisa Amreen and Sanket Goel
Conducting polymer-based biocomposites in flexible bioelectronics / Ragavi Rajasekaran, Atul Kumar Ojha, Gaurav Kulkarni, Jhansi L. Parimi, Baisakhee Saha, Mamoni Banerjee, and Santanu Dhara. - ArticleAntoniuk-Majchrzak J, Enkhbaatar T, Długajczyk A, Kaminska J, Skoneczny M, Klionsky DJ, Skoneczna A.Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Res. 2023 10;1870(7):119526.The DNA double-strand breaks are particularly deleterious, especially when an error-free repair pathway is unavailable, enforcing the error-prone recombination pathways to repair the lesion. Cells can resume the cell cycle but at the expense of decreased viability due to genome rearrangements. One of the major players involved in recombinational repair of DNA damage is Rad51 recombinase, a protein responsible for presynaptic complex formation. We previously showed that an increased level of this protein promotes the usage of illegitimate recombination. Here we show that the level of Rad51 is regulated via the ubiquitin-dependent proteolytic pathway. The ubiquitination of Rad51 depends on multiple E3 enzymes, including SUMO-targeted ubiquitin ligases. We also demonstrate that Rad51 can be modified by both ubiquitin and SUMO. Moreover, its modification with ubiquitin may lead to opposite effects: degradation dependent on Rad6, Rad18, Slx8, Dia2, and the anaphase-promoting complex, or stabilization dependent on Rsp5. We also show that post-translational modifications with SUMO and ubiquitin affect Rad51's ability to form and disassemble DNA repair foci, respectively, influencing cell cycle progression and cell viability in genotoxic stress conditions. Our data suggest the existence of a complex E3 ligases network that regulates Rad51 recombinase's turnover, its molecular activity, and access to DNA, limiting it to the proportions optimal for the actual cell cycle stage and growth conditions, e.g., stress. Dysregulation of this network would result in a drop in cell viability due to uncontrolled genome rearrangement in the yeast cells. In mammals would promote the development of genetic diseases and cancer.