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  • Article
    Lambert SJ, Lunde B, Porsch L, Stoffels G, MacIsaac L, Dayananda I, Dragoman MV.
    Contraception. 2024 04;132:110364.
    OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to compare effectiveness and safety of cervical preparation with osmotic dilators plus same-day misoprostol or overnight mifepristone prior to dilation and evacuation (D&E).
    STUDY DESIGN: We conducted a retrospective cohort analysis of 664 patients initiating abortion between 18 and 22 weeks at an ambulatory health center. We abstracted medical record data from two consecutive 12-month periods in 2017 to 2019. All patients received overnight dilators plus: 600 mcg buccal misoprostol 90 minutes before D&E (period 1); 200 mg oral mifepristone at time of dilators (period 2). Our primary outcome was procedure time. We report frequency of patients experiencing any acute complication, defined as unplanned procedure (i.e., reaspiration, cervical laceration repair, uterine balloon tamponade) or hospital transfer and bleeding complications.
    RESULTS: We observed higher mean procedure time in the mifepristone group (9.7 ± 5.3 minutes vs 7.9 ± 4.4, p = 0.004). After adjusting for race, ethnicity, insurance, body mass index, parity, prior cesarean, prior uterine surgery, gestational age, provider, trainee participation, and long-acting reversible contraception initiation, the difference remained statistically significant (relative change 1.09, 95% CI 1.01, 1.17) but failed to reach our threshold for clinical significance. The use of additional misoprostol was more common in the mifepristone group, but the use of an additional set of dilators was not different between groups. Acute complications occurred at a frequency of 4.1% in misoprostol group and 4.3% in mifepristone group (p = 0.90).
    CONCLUSIONS: We found procedure time to be longer with adjunctive mifepristone compared to misoprostol; however, this difference is unlikely to be clinically meaningful. Furthermore, the frequency of acute complications was similar between groups.
    IMPLICATIONS: Overnight mifepristone at the time of cervical dilator placement is a safe and effective alternative to adjuvant same-day misoprostol for cervical preparation prior to D&E and may offer benefits for clinic flow and patient experience.
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  • Article
    Huang M, García-Mateos G, Fernandez-Beltran R.
    Data Brief. 2024 Jun;54:110364.
    Shadow, a natural phenomenon resulting from the absence of direct lighting, finds diverse real-world applications beyond computer vision, such as studying its effect on photosynthesis in plants and on the reduction of solar energy harvesting through photovoltaic panels. This article presents a dataset comprising 50,000 pairs of photorealistic computer-rendered images along with their corresponding physics-based shadow masks, primarily focused on agricultural settings with human activity in the field. The images are generated by simulating a scene in 3D modeling software to produce a pair of top-down images, consisting of a regular image and an overexposed image achieved by adjusting lighting parameters. Specifically, the strength of the light source representing the sun is increased, and all indirect lighting, including global illumination and light bouncing, is disabled. The resulting overexposed image is later converted into a physically accurate shadow mask with minimal annotation errors through post-processing techniques. This dataset holds promise for future research, serving as a basis for transfer learning or as a benchmark for model evaluation in the realm of shadow-related applications such as shadow detection and removal.
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  • Article
    Meng Z, Wang K, Lan Q, Zhou T, Lin Y, Jiang Z, Chen J, Lin Y, Liu X, Lin H, Lin D.
    Int Immunopharmacol. 2023 Jul;120:110364.
    BACKGROUND: Flap necrosis is a common issue encountered in clinical flap transplantation surgery. Here, we assessed the effects of saxagliptin, a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor, on flap survival and explored the underlying mechanisms.
    METHODS: A dorsal McFarlane flap model was established in 36 rats, which were randomly divided into a high-dose saxagliptin (HS) group (saxagliptin, 30 mg/kg/day, n = 12), low-dose saxagliptin (LS) group (saxagliptin, 10 mg/kg/day, n = 12), and control group (n = 12). On day 7, flap survival was examined by eye in six rats from each group, along with determination of blood perfusion by laser Doppler flowmetry and angiogenesis by angiography. The remaining rats were sacrificed for harvesting of flap tissue. The status of the flap tissue was examined histopathologically by staining with hematoxylin and eosin (H&E). Oxidative stress was evaluated by determination of superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and malonaldehyde (MDA) content. Gasdermin D (GSDMD), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), NOD-like receptor pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3), interleukin (IL)-6, IL-18, Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), IL-1β, caspase-1, and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) expression were detected by immunohistochemical analysis.
    RESULTS: The experimental group exhibited a larger area of flap survival, with more blood perfusion and neovascularization and better histopathological status than the control group. The degree of oxidative stress and the levels of NF-κB, TLR4, proinflammatory cytokines, and pyroptosis-associated protein were decreased in the experimental group, while the VEGF level was increased in a saxagliptin dose-dependent manner.
    CONCLUSION: Saxagliptin promotes random skin flap survival.
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  • Article
    Jansen C, Paraiso KD, Zhou JJ, Blitz IL, Fish MB, Charney RM, Cho JS, Yasuoka Y, Sudou N, Bright AR, Wlizla M, Veenstra GJC, Taira M, Zorn AM, Mortazavi A, Cho KWY.
    Cell Rep. 2022 02 15;38(7):110364.
    Mesendodermal specification is one of the earliest events in embryogenesis, where cells first acquire distinct identities. Cell differentiation is a highly regulated process that involves the function of numerous transcription factors (TFs) and signaling molecules, which can be described with gene regulatory networks (GRNs). Cell differentiation GRNs are difficult to build because existing mechanistic methods are low throughput, and high-throughput methods tend to be non-mechanistic. Additionally, integrating highly dimensional data composed of more than two data types is challenging. Here, we use linked self-organizing maps to combine chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing (ChIP-seq)/ATAC-seq with temporal, spatial, and perturbation RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) data from Xenopus tropicalis mesendoderm development to build a high-resolution genome scale mechanistic GRN. We recover both known and previously unsuspected TF-DNA/TF-TF interactions validated through reporter assays. Our analysis provides insights into transcriptional regulation of early cell fate decisions and provides a general approach to building GRNs using highly dimensional multi-omic datasets.
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  • Article
    Epro G, König M, James D, Lambrianides Y, Werth J, Hunter S, Karamanidis K.
    J Biomech. 2021 05 07;120:110364.
    Differences in the adaptation processes between muscle and tendon in response to mechanical loading can lead to non-uniform mechanical properties within the muscle-tendon unit (MTU), potentially increasing injury risk. The current study analysed the mechanical properties of the triceps surae (TS) MTU in 10 young (YS; 22 ± 3 yrs) and 10 older (OS; age 65 ± 8 yrs; i.e. master) (inter)national level sprinters and 11 young recreationally active adults (YC; 23 ± 3 yrs) to detect possible non-uniformities in muscle and tendon adaptation due to habitual mechanical loading and ageing. Triceps surae muscle strength, tendon stiffness and maximal tendon strain were assessed in both legs during maximal voluntary isometric plantarflexion contractions via dynamometry and ultrasonography. Irrespective of the leg, OS and YC in comparison to YS demonstrated significantly (P < 0.05) lower TS muscle strength and tendon stiffness, with no differences between OS and YC. Furthermore, no group differences were detected in the maximal tendon strain (average of both legs: OS 3.7 ± 0.8%, YC 4.4 ± 0.8% and YS 4.3 ± 0.9%) as well as in the inter-limb symmetry indexes in muscle strength, tendon stiffness and maximal tendon strain (range across groups: -5.8 to 4.9%; negative value reflects higher value for the non-preferred leg). Thus, the findings provide no clear evidence for a disruption in the TS MTU uniformity in master sprinters, demonstrating that ageing tendons can maintain their integrity to meet the increased functional demand due to elite sports.
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  • Article
    Pareja-Carrera J, Martinez-Haro M, Mateo R, Rodríguez-Estival J.
    Environ Res. 2021 05;196:110364.
    The chronic exposure of livestock to lead (Pb) pollution in historical mining areas may represent significant and unnecessary costs for farmers and primary producers, in addition to important food safety risks. Here, we evaluate the effect of mineral supplements, in the form of a commercial mineral block (MB), to reduce Pb bioavailability and toxicity in sheep through an experimental approach under real farming conditions in an abandoned mining area. Blood, fecal Pb levels, and soil ingestion, along with different blood and plasma biomarkers were studied. Experiment 1 was carried out with 3-months-old female lambs, n = 54, fenced in two contiguous MB and non-MB-supplemented plots. After 20 days of treatment, blood Pb level was lower in MB-supplemented sheep than in those that were non-MB-supplemented. Experiment 2 was carried out with 2-months-old female lambs, n = 34, fenced in a single plot and MB-supplemented during the first 20 days of experiment. After MB supplementation, blood Pb level in sheep was also reduced by almost half, falling below the threshold of subclinical intoxication, and then increased again after 20 days without MB. Experiment 3 was carried out with adult rams, n = 10, fenced in a single MB-supplemented plot during the first 20 days of experiment. In this case, blood Pb level decreased by day 40. Soil ingestion was not reduced by MB supplementation in any of the experiments. MB supplementation favored antioxidant status by increasing SOD activity and reducing GPX activity and MDA levels. In conclusion, the MB supplementation seemed to reduce Pb bioavailability by increasing its fecal excretion, but renal excretion and bone deposition may also have favored the reduction of blood Pb concentration. Mineral supplements may be a new easy-to-apply and cost-effective way to reduce livestock exposure in Pb polluted sites.
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  • Article
    Muñoz-Morales M, Sáez C, Cañizares P, Rodrigo MA.
    J Environ Manage. 2020 May 15;262:110364.
    In this work, a three-step process (adsorption-desorption-electrolysis) is evaluated as an interesting approach for the removal of organochlorinated compounds (clopyralid, lindane and perchloroethylene) with different physical properties (solubility and vapor pressure) from low concentrated wastewater. First steps are based on the adsorptive capacity of granular active carbon (GAC) particles to retain organics and on the solvent capacity of methanol to extract them to concentrated solution and regenerate GAC. In the last step of electrolysis with conductive diamond electrodes, the degradation of pesticide is projected, as well as the recovery of methanol. Results show that clopyralid, lindane and PCE are efficiently retained in GAC, although adsorption efficiency depend on pollutant/GAC ratio and physicochemical properties of pollutant. Pretreatment allows the concentration of clopyralid and PCE solutions up to 8 times, but worse results are obtained in case of lindane solutions. Electrolysis of concentrated methanol solution seems to be more efficient than electrolysis of diluted aqueous wastes, mainly in the case of clopyralid. In all cases, electrochemical degradation fits a first order kinetics confirming mixed oxidation mechanisms with diffusion control of the direct processes and mediated oxidation. Results obtained in terms of current efficiency and energy consumption of electrolysis step point out the lower operation cost of concentrated liquid wastes and encourage further works on the development of cost-effective combined processes for the treatment of diluted solutions polluted with polar compounds (such as clopyralid).
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  • Article
    Mittal N, Mittal R.
    Med Hypotheses. 2021 Jan;146:110364.
    In an effort to curb the global pandemic due to coronavirus, the scientific community is exploring various treatment strategies with a special emphasis on drug repurposing. Ivermectin, an anti-helminthic drug is also being proposed for treatment and prevention of COVID-19. Ivermectin has demonstrated broad spectrum antiviral activity against both DNA and RNA viruses. Due to its potential to interfere with transport of SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid protein to nucleus, it is being proposed to have antiviral activity against this virus as well which has been confirmed in an in-vitro study. However, in-vitro to in-vivo extrapolation studies indicate an inability to achieve the desired IC50 levels of ivermectin after oral administration of doses up to 10 times higher than the approved anti-helminthic dose. In a modelling simulation study, drug accumulation in the lungs was noticed at levels having potential antiviral activity. It is hypothesised that inhaled formulation of ivermectin may be effective against SARS-CoV-2. Therefore, ivermectin administered via inhalational route needs to be explored for potential beneficial role in COVID-19 in preclinical and clinical studies. We also hypothesise the possibility of drug having anti-inflammatory action in coronavirus associated severe respiratory illness based on few in-vitro and in-vivo reports which however needs to be confirmed clinically.
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  • Article
    Huang M, Zhang L, Zhou L, Yung WS, Wang Z, Xiao Z, Wang Q, Wang X, Li MW, Lam HM.
    Genomics. 2022 05;114(3):110364.
    Accessible chromatin regions (ACRs) are tightly associated with gene expressions in the genome. Conserved non-coding cis-regulatory elements, such as transcription factor binding motifs, are usually found in ACRs, indicating an essential regulatory role of ACRs in the plant genome architecture. However, there have been few studies on soybean ACRs, especially those focusing on specific tissues. Hence, in this study, with the convenient ATAC-seq, we identified the ACRs in six soybean tissues, including root, leaf bud, flower, flower bud, developing seed, and pod. In total, the ACRs occupied about 3.3% of the entire soybean genome. By integrating the results from RNA-seq and transcription factor (TF) ChIP-seq, ACRs were found to be tightly associated with gene expressions and TF binding capacities in soybean. Together, these data provide a comprehensive understanding of the genomic features of ACRs in soybean. As a collection of essential genomic resources, these processed data are made available at datahub.wildsoydb.org.
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  • Article
    Syal R, Kumar R, Chhabra S, Kamal M.
    J Clin Anesth. 2021 11;74:110364.
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  • Article
    Pinto D, Cádiz-Gurrea ML, Vallverdú-Queralt A, Delerue-Matos C, Rodrigues F.
    Food Res Int. 2021 06;144:110364.
    Castanea sativa is an outstanding species that represents a valuable natural resource for rural populations. C. sativa shells (CSS), an abundant agro-industrial by-product generated during chestnut peeling process, is commonly discarded or used as fuel. Nevertheless, CSS produced are not depleted by this application and huge amounts are still available, being particularly rich in bioactive compounds (polyphenols, vitamin E, lignin and oligosaccharides) with health benefits. Phytochemical studies reported not only antioxidant and antimicrobial activities, but also anti-inflammatory, anticancer, hypolipidemic, hypoglycemic and neuroprotective activities. The application of a suitable extraction technique is required for the isolation of bioactive compounds, being green extraction technologies outstanding for the industrial recovery of chestnut shells' bioactive compounds. CSS were highlighted as remarkable sources of functional ingredients with promising applications in food and nutraceutical fields, mainly as natural antioxidants and effective prebiotics. This review aims to summarize the phytochemical composition and pro-healthy properties of CSS, emphasizing the sustainable extraction techniques employed in the recovery of bioactive compounds and their potential applications in food and nutraceutical industries.
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  • Article
    Aldila D.
    Chaos Solitons Fractals. 2020 Dec;141:110364.
    Without any vaccine or medical intervention to cure the infected individual from COVID-19, the non-pharmaceutical intervention become the most reasonable intervention against the spread of COVID-19. In this paper, we proposed a deterministic model governed by a system of nonlinear differential equations which consider the intervention of media campaign to increase human awareness, and rapid testing to track the undetected cases in the field. Analysis of the autonomous model shows the existence of transcritical bifurcation at a basic reproduction number equal to one. We estimate our parameter using the incidence data from East Java, Indonesia. Using these parameters, we analyze the sensitivity of the parameters in determining the size of the basic reproduction number. An optimal control problem which transforms media campaign and rapid testing as a time-dependent control was conducted also in this article. Cost-effectiveness analysis using the Infection averted ratio (IAR) and the Average cost-effectiveness ratio (ACER) conducted to analyze the best strategies to eradicate COVID-19 spread. We observe that the combination of the media campaign and rapid testing as time-dependent interventions reduces the number of an infected individual significantly and also minimizes the economic burden due to these strategies in East Java.
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  • Article
    Yu M, Meng Y, Zhang H, Wang W, Qiu S, Wang B, Bao Y, Du B, Zhu S, Ge Y, Zhu L, Xu K.
    Eur J Radiol. 2022 Aug;153:110364.
    OBJECTIVES: In this study, we aimed to evaluate the associations between pericarotid fat density (PFD) and various risk characteristics of carotid plaque.
    METHODS: We retrospectively evaluated consecutive patients who were subjected to both high-resolution MRI and carotid artery CT angiography CTA at our institution between January 2016 and April 2021. The section of the carotid artery with the most severe lumen stenosis was selected from each patient for analysis. Two separated regions of interest (ROI) (each with an area of 2.5 mm2 and located at least 1 mm from the outer margin of the carotid artery wall) were defined in the perivascular fat tissue. The mean value of PFD (mean HU) was measured on the plaque side and the same axial non-plaque side. Then, the bilateral difference (D-value HU) was calculated (plaque side mean HU minus non-plaque side mean HU). According to carotid plaque risk characteristics (American Heart Association VI type [AHA VI], intraplaque hemorrhage [IPH], thinning and/or rupture of the fibrous cap [TRFC], lipid-rich necrotic core [LRNC], and calcification [CA]), the associations between PFD and five different risk characteristic subgroups were analyzed. The Student's t-test, Mann-Whitney U test, and Chi-square test were used to compare differences between different risk subgroups. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was used to evaluate the predictive efficacy of PFD for carotid plaque risk characteristics. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.
    RESULTS: A total of 71 eligible patients (mean age 61.25 ± 10.35 years, 57 male) were examined in this study. For the plaque side and the non-plaque side, the mean PFD values were -36.25 ± 20.65 HU and -66.87 ± 15.00 HU, respectively. In the non-AHA VI and AHA VI subgroups, the values for the mean HU of the plaque side were -49.50 ± 20.53 and -33.55 ± 19.78, respectively (P = 0.014). The D-value HU was higher for the AHA VI group compared to the non-AHA VI group (33.61 ± 16.72 vs. 15.91 ± 14.52, respectively; P = 0.001). Compared to the non-IPH subgroup, the IPH subgroup had a higher mean HU value for the plaque side (-47.68 ± 18.26 vs. -29.63 ± 19.16, respectively; P < 0.001) and a higher D-value HU (17.80 ± 13.27 vs. 38.03 ± 15.46, respectively; P < 0.001). Compared to the low risk non-TRFC subgroup, the TRFC subgroup had a higher D-value HU (24.51 ± 16.16 vs. 33.55 ± 17.65, respectively; P = 0.042). The D-value of PFD was found to be a significant predictor of both AHA VI classification (AUC: 0.79; SE: 64.41%; SP: 83.33%; P = 0.0001) and IPH (AUC: 0.83; SE: 88.89%; SP: 65.38%; P < 0.0001).
    CONCLUSION: Our study found that PFD was significantly associated with high risk AHA VI plaque characterization, IPH, and TRFC. Therefore, PFD has the potential to be used as an indirect clinical marker of plaque instability.
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  • Article
    Mabate B, Pletschke BI.
    Enzyme Microb Technol. 2024 Feb;173:110364.
    Brown algae are gaining recognition as sources of bio-compounds with diverse properties and potential applications in the food, nutraceutical, and pharmaceutical industries. Compounds such as polyphenols, alginates and fucoidan possess multiple bioactivities, including antidiabetic, antioxidant, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, and antibacterial properties. Conventional extraction methods provide low yields, posing challenges for the industrial applications of biocompounds. However, innovations are rapidly emerging to address these challenges, and one such approach is enzyme-assisted extraction. Furthermore, extracting single compounds undervalues algal biomass as valuable compounds may remain in the waste. Therefore, the aim of our study was to develop a framework for the sequential and enzyme-assisted extraction of various bio-compounds using the same biomass in a biorefinery process. The Ecklonia maxima algal biomass was defatted, and polyphenols were extracted using solid-liquid extraction with aqueous ethanol. The remaining residue was treated with an enzyme combination (Cellic® Ctec 2 and Viscozyme L) to liberate carbohydrates into solution, where an alginate and fucoidan fraction were isolated. A second alginate fraction was harvested from the residue. The phenolic fraction yielded about 11% (dry weight of extract/dry weight of seaweed biomass), the alginate fraction 35% and the fucoidan fraction 18%. These were analysed using a variety of biochemical methods. Structural analyses, including FTIR, NMR and TGA, were performed to confirm the integrity of these compounds. This study demonstrated that a sequential extraction method for various algal bioproducts is possible, which can pave the way for a biorefinery approach. Furthermore, our study primarily employed environmentally and eco-friendly extraction technologies promoting an environmentally sustainable industrial approach. This approach enhances the feasibility and flexibility of biorefinery operations, contributing to the development of a circular bio-economy.
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  • Article
    Zhang J, Fu X, Yang L, Wen H, Zhang L, Liu F, Lou Y, Yang Q, Ding Y.
    Biomed Pharmacother. 2020 Sep;129:110364.
    Cardiac hypertrophy and remodeling are among the major health challenges facing countries around the world today. Neohesperidin plays an important role in influencing cell apoptosis, cell growth, tumorigenesis and tumor microenvironment, but the mechanism and role of Neohesperidin in cardiac hypertrophy and remodeling caused by Angiotensin II has not been fully elucidated. This study used Angiotensin II to induce cardiac hypertrophy and cardiac remodeling in mice. Echocardiography was used to evaluate cardiac function, H&E and Masson trichrome staining were used to detect myocardial histological changes. Cardiac cell size was determined by WGA staining. The protein content of the signaling pathway was detected by Western blot, and the mRNA expression of fibrosis and hypertrophy markers was detected by qPCR. DHE staining was used to detect oxidative stress. We also observed the effect of Neohesperidin on Ang II-induced NRCMs. The results showed that neohesperidin can significantly inhibit Ang II-induced myocardial contractile dysfunction, cardiac hypertrophy, myocardial fibrosis, myocardial oxidative stress and inflammation. These results suggest that Neohesperidin can alleviate cardiac hypertrophy and remodeling caused by Ang II, and its mechanism may be related to the inhibition of multiple signaling pathways.
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  • Article
    Bérubé M, Tang TU, Fortin F, Ozalp S, Williams ML, Burnap P.
    Forensic Sci Int. 2020 Aug;313:110364.
    Forensic science is constantly evolving and transforming, reflecting the numerous technological innovations of recent decades. There are, however, continuing issues with the use of digital data, such as the difficulty of handling large-scale collections of text data. As one way of dealing with this problem, we used machine-learning techniques, particularly natural language processing and Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) topic modeling, to create an unsupervised text reduction method that was then used to study social reactions in the aftermath of the 2017 Manchester Arena bombing. Our database was a set of millions of messages posted on Twitter in the first 24 h after the attack. The findings show that our method improves on the tools presently used by law enforcement and other agencies to monitor social media, particularly following an event that is likely to create widespread social reaction. For example, it makes it possible to track different types of social reactions over time and to identify subevents that have a significant impact on public perceptions.
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  • Article
    Wullschleger M, Aghlmandi S, Egger M, Zwahlen M.
    PLoS One. 2014;9(10):e110364.
    RATIONALE: In biomedical journals authors sometimes use the standard error of the mean (SEM) for data description, which has been called inappropriate or incorrect.
    OBJECTIVE: To assess the frequency of incorrect use of SEM in articles in three selected cardiovascular journals.
    METHODS AND RESULTS: All original journal articles published in 2012 in Cardiovascular Research, Circulation: Heart Failure and Circulation Research were assessed by two assessors for inappropriate use of SEM when providing descriptive information of empirical data. We also assessed whether the authors state in the methods section that the SEM will be used for data description. Of 441 articles included in this survey, 64% (282 articles) contained at least one instance of incorrect use of the SEM, with two journals having a prevalence above 70% and "Circulation: Heart Failure" having the lowest value (27%). In 81% of articles with incorrect use of SEM, the authors had explicitly stated that they use the SEM for data description and in 89% SEM bars were also used instead of 95% confidence intervals. Basic science studies had a 7.4-fold higher level of inappropriate SEM use (74%) than clinical studies (10%).
    LIMITATIONS: The selection of the three cardiovascular journals was based on a subjective initial impression of observing inappropriate SEM use. The observed results are not representative for all cardiovascular journals.
    CONCLUSION: In three selected cardiovascular journals we found a high level of inappropriate SEM use and explicit methods statements to use it for data description, especially in basic science studies. To improve on this situation, these and other journals should provide clear instructions to authors on how to report descriptive information of empirical data.
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  • Article
    Gomez-Cano L, Gomez-Cano F, Dillon FM, Alers-Velazquez R, Doseff AI, Grotewold E, Gray J.
    Plant Sci. 2020 Feb;291:110364.
    Phenolic compounds are among the most diverse and widespread of specialized plant compounds and underly many important agronomic traits. Our comprehensive analysis of the maize genome unraveled new aspects of the genes involved in phenylpropanoid, monolignol, and flavonoid production in this important crop. Remarkably, just 19 genes accounted for 70 % of the overall mRNA accumulation of these genes across 95 tissues, indicating that these are the main contributors to the flux of phenolic metabolites. Eighty genes with intermediate to low expression play minor and more specialized roles. Remaining genes are likely undergoing loss of function or are expressed in limited cell types. Phylogenetic and expression analyses revealed which members of gene families governing metabolic entry and branch points exhibit duplication, subfunctionalization, or loss of function. Co-expression analysis applied to genes in sequential biosynthetic steps revealed that certain isoforms are highly co-expressed and are candidates for metabolic complexes that ensure metabolite delivery to correct cellular compartments. Co-expression of biosynthesis genes with transcription factors discovered connections that provided candidate components for regulatory modules governing this pathway. Our study provides a comprehensive analysis of maize phenylpropanoid related genes, identifies major pathway contributors, and novel candidate enzymatic and regulatory modules of the metabolic network.
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  • Article
    Nishi K, Hirano Y, Sato A, Eguchi A, Matsuda K, Toda M, Watanabe T, Iwasaki T, Takahashi N, Hosotani M, Watanabe R, Kato T, Ohtsuka H, Gondaira S, Higuchi H.
    Vet Immunol Immunopathol. 2022 Feb;244:110364.
    Mycoplasma arthritis that caused by Mycoplasma bovis exhibit severe lameness. This disease is difficult to cure with antibiotics, but the detailed pathological mechanisms have not been fully clarified. In this study, we examined the effects of intra-articular inoculation with M. bovis on immunological responses in calf joints. We inoculated three calves each with M. bovis or phosphate buffer saline (control) into the right stifle joint and dissected them at 15 days postinoculation. Mycoplasma bovis-inoculated calves exhibited swelling of the stifle joint, increases in synovial fluid, fibrin deposition, and cartilage thinning. Intracellular M. bovis was detected in synovial tissues analyzed by immunohistochemistry and transmission electron microscopy. Messenger RNA expressions of interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-12p40, and IL-17A in synovial fluid cells and synovial tissues from M. bovis-inoculated calves were significantly higher than those from control calves. Protein levels of these cytokines in synovial fluid from M. bovis-inoculated calves were markedly higher than those from control calves. Our study clarified that inoculation with M. bovis into the stifle joint induced the production of inflammatory cytokines by synovial fluid cells and synovial tissues, causing a severe inflammatory response in joints. Additionally, M. bovis could invade cells in synovial tissues, which may have aided it in evading antibiotics and host immune surveillance.
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  • Article
    Soomro NA, Wu Q, Amur SA, Liang H, Ur Rahman A, Yuan Q, Wei Y.
    Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces. 2019 Oct 01;182:110364.
    In this study, we have encapsulated natural physcion (PHY) drug loading into metal-organic frameworks MOFs, zeolitic imidazolate frameworks (ZIFs) through straight-forward nano-precipitation technique. The synthesized PHY@ZIF-8 indicated high drug loading encapsulation efficiency i.e. 88%, whereas, drug loading capacity was found to be 11.49%. The characterization of PHY loaded-ZIF 8 (PHY@ZIF-8) was carried out by powder x-ray diffraction (PXRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), and FT-IR methods. The release of PHY loaded in ZIF-8 was 88.72% at pH 5.0 which is approximately three time higher than its release in physiological system with pH 7.4 (27.61%). The remarkable stability of PHY@ZIF-8 NPs even after 25 days stem it as an effective and stable candidate. Furthermore, the antibacterial activity of pure PHY, ZIF-8 and PHY@ZIF-8 were investigated against gram negative strains and gram positive strain. The PHY@ZIF-8 showed maximum growth inhibition zones against all microorganism as compare to pure PHY. We hope that this model drug could have the potential ability for treatment of various infectious diseases.
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