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- ArticleSharma S, Bartaula M, Risal S, Devkota N.Cureus. 2024 Dec;16(12):e76544.BACKGROUND: Adverse pregnancy outcomes, including preterm birth and low birth weight, are major global health challenges, leading to millions of newborn deaths each year. Since 1996, periodontitis and related gum diseases have been proposed as potential contributing factors, but research findings remain mixed. Further research is needed to clarify this link.
OBJECTIVE: This study aims to assess the status of periodontitis and its association with adverse pregnancy outcomes.
METHODOLOGY: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 145 third-trimester mothers attending antenatal care (ANC) checkups at Maternity Hospital in Kathmandu. Data were gathered from medical records, interviews, and oral health screenings using the Community Periodontal Index (CPI) for periodontitis. Birth outcomes were assessed after delivery through medical records, which are considered highly reliable, with established protocols for data entry, consistent documentation, and regular quality control measures ensuring accuracy and consistency across healthcare providers. Ethical approval was obtained from the Nepal Health Research Council (NHRC) (approval no. 423) on September 19, 2023.
RESULTS: Periodontitis was observed in 53 (36.6%) participants, with a higher prevalence in individuals aged 30 or more (10, 43.5%) and those who were illiterate (4, 50%). Health conditions such as hypertension, diabetes, and urinary tract infections were associated with higher periodontitis rates. However, no significant associations were found between age, education, obstetric history, or health conditions and adverse pregnancy outcomes. Periodontitis showed a significant association with adverse outcomes, with 56.6% of those with periodontitis experiencing adverse outcomes, compared to 32.6% without periodontitis (P = 0.005). The odds ratio of 2.69 indicates individuals with periodontitis are 2.69 times more likely to experience adverse outcomes.
CONCLUSIONS: Maternal periodontitis is significantly associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes, with individuals having periodontitis being 2.69 times more likely to experience such outcomes. These findings highlight the importance of incorporating periodontal care into prenatal healthcare. - ArticleJin Q, Wang Z, Yan F, Deng Z, Ni F, Wu J, Shandas R, Liu X, Zheng H.PLoS One. 2013;8(9):e76544.A novel cationic microbubble (MB) for improvement of the DNA loading capacity and the ultrasound-mediated gene delivery efficiency has been developed; it has been prepared with commercial lipids and a stearic acid modified polyethylenimine 600 (Stearic-PEI600) polymer synthesized via acylation reaction of branched PEI600 and stearic acid mediated by N, N'-carbonyldiimidazole (CDI). The MBs' concentration, size distribution, stability and zeta potential (ζ-potential) were measured and the DNA loading capacity was examined as a function of the amount of Stearic-PEI600. The gene transfection efficiency and cytotoxicity were also examined using breast cancer MCF-7 cells via the reporter plasmid pCMV-Luc, encoding the firefly luciferase gene. The results showed that the Stearic-PEI600 polymer caused a significant increase in magnitude of ζ-potential of MBs. The addition of DNA into cationic MBs can shift ζ-potentials from positive to negative values. The DNA loading capacity of the MBs grew linearly from (5±0.2) ×10⁻³ pg/µm² to (20±1.8) ×10⁻³ pg/µm² when Stearic-PEI600 was increased from 5 mol% to 30 mol%. Transfection of MCF-7 cells using 5% PEI600 MBs plus ultrasound exposure yielded 5.76±2.58×10³ p/s/cm²/sr average radiance intensity, was 8.97- and 7.53-fold higher than those treated with plain MBs plus ultrasound (6.41±5.82) ×10² p/s/cm²/sr, (P<0.01) and PEI600 MBs without ultrasound (7.65±6.18) ×10² p/s/cm²/sr, (P<0.01), respectively. However, the PEI600 MBs showed slightly higher cytotoxicity than plain MBs. The cells treated with PEI600-MBs and plain MBs plus ultrasound showed 59.5±6.1% and 71.4±7.1% cell viability, respectively. In conclusion, our study demonstrated that the novel cationic MBs were able to increase DNA loading capacity and gene transfection efficiency and could be potentially applied in targeted gene delivery and therapy.
- BookJames Stacey Taylor.Summary: "This is the first book to argue in favor of paying people for their blood plasma. It does not merely argue that offering compensation to plasma donors is morally permissible. It argues that prohibiting donor compensation is morally wrong-and that it is morally wrong for all of the reasons that are offered against allowing donor compensation. Opponents of donor compensation claim that it will reduce the amount and quality of plasma obtained, exploit and coerce donors, and undermine social cohesion. James Stacey Taylor argues that empirical evidence demonstrates that compensating plasma donors greatly increases the amount of plasma obtained with no adverse effects on the quality of the pharmaceutical products that are manufactured from it. Prohibiting compensation thus harms patients by reducing their access to the medicines they need. He also argues that it is the prohibition of compensation-not its offer-that exploits donors, fails to respect the moral need to secure a person's authoritative consent to her treatment, and prevents donors from giving their informed consent to donate. Prohibiting compensation thus not only harms patients-it wrongs donors. Bloody Bioethics will appeal to researchers, advanced students, and medical professionals interested in bioethics, moral philosophy, and the moral limits of markets"-- Provided by publisher.Digital Access TandFonline 2022