Books

Summary: Standard magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a prominent clinical imaging modality used to diagnose and study diseases in vivo. It is principally based on the detection of the nuclei of hydrogen atoms (the proton; symbol 1H) in water molecules in tissues. X-nuclei MRI (also called nonproton MRI) is based on the detection of the nuclei of other atoms (X-nuclei) in the body, such as sodium (23Na), phosphorus (31P), chlorine (35Cl), potassium (39K), deuterium (2H), oxygen (17O), lithium (7Li), and fluorine (19F), that can also be detected using modified software and hardware. X-nuclei MRI can provide fundamental, new metabolic information related to cellular energetic metabolism and ion homeostasis in tissues that cannot be assessed using standard hydrogen MRI. This book is an introduction to the techniques and biomedical applications of X-nuclei MRI.

Summary: This open access book is an overview on CT/X-ray contrast media designed for radiologists and other medical specialists who use contrast media in imaging and interventional procedures as well as related scientists on the use and pharmaceutical aspects of X-ray contrast media. The overall goal of this book is to provide a comprehensive overview relevant for the optimal use of x-ray contrast media covering next to the historic development, their structure and properties also practical information for handling of contrast media, and explanation of the relevant risks during use and measures for prevention and treatment of potential side effects.

Contents:
Introduction
General principles of X-ray contrast media
Structure and properties of X-ray contrast media
Degradation of iodinated X-ray contrast media
Physiochemical properties of water-soluble contrast media
Pharmaceutical product quality
Pharmacological properties of contrast media
Uses of X-ray contrast media
Interactions
Risk of contrast media use
Drugs and measures for the treatment of a contrast medium reaction
Further development of contrast media
References.

Summary: This book provides a comprehensive, organized, and concise overview of Xenobiotic Metabolic Enzymes and their health implications. The subjects addressed are broad in scope with an emphasis on recent advances in research on biochemical and biomedical aspects of these enzymes. The xenobiotics discussed include not just drugs, but also food, smoke, and other environmental chemicals. The subjects covered in this work include: metabolic enzymes and their catalyzed reactions, reactive intermediates generated from metabolic activation, oxidative stress mediated by electrophilic reactive intermediates, bioactivation - mediated cellular and functional damages, activation of Nrf2 - ARE pathway, genetic variations affecting metabolic enzyme expression, enzyme polymorphisms affecting xenobiotic - mediated toxicity, induction of metabolic enzymes for health benefits, and a diversity of metabolic enzyme modulators.

Contents:
Intro
Preface
Contents
Chapter 1: Overview
1.1 Xenobiotics That Humans Are Exposed To
1.1.1 Foods and Drugs
1.1.2 Smoke and Household and Environmental Chemicals
1.2 Metabolisms of Foreign Compounds Before Excretion
1.2.1 Activation Enzymes
1.2.2 Detoxification Enzymes
1.2.3 Catalytic Reactions: Functionalization and Conjugation
1.3 Potential Toxicity of Metabolic Reactive Intermediates
1.3.1 Electrophiles
1.3.2 Interactions with Cellular Components
1.3.3 Foreign Compound-Mediated Oxidative Stress
1.3.4 Cellular Functional Damages 1.4 Genetic and Environment Factors Affecting Xenobiotic Metabolism
1.4.1 Genetic Polymorphisms
1.4.2 Environment and Lifestyle
1.5 Nrf2-ARE Pathway: Defense Mechanism
1.6 Defenses Against Oxidative Stress Mediated by Foreign Compounds
1.6.1 Antioxidants
1.6.2 Modulation of Metabolic Enzymes for Health Benefits
1.6.3 Inducibility of Metabolic Enzymes
1.7 Dietary Inducers of Detoxification Enzymes
1.7.1 Vegetables and Fruits
1.7.2 Green Tea and Algae
Bibliography
Chapter 2: Foreign Compounds: Foods, Drugs, and Other Chemicals
2.1 Foods Chapter 3: Absorption, Metabolism, and Excretion of Foreign Compounds
3.1 Lipophiles Versus Hydrophiles
3.2 Sites of Action
3.3 Cell Membranes
3.4 Transport Mechanisms
3.4.1 Passive Diffusion
3.4.2 Facilitated Diffusion
3.4.3 Active Transport
3.5 Metabolic Pathways
3.5.1 Activation Metabolism
3.5.2 Detoxification Metabolism
3.6 Transport to External Cell Compartment
3.7 Metabolism Precedes Before Excretion
3.8 Excretion
3.8.1 Renal Excretion
3.8.2 Reabsorption in the Kidney
3.8.3 Hepatic Excretion
3.8.4 Skin Excretion
Bibliography Chapter 4: Metabolisms of Foreign Compounds
4.1 Activation Metabolism
4.1.1 Functionalization Reactions
4.1.2 Metabolic Reactive Intermediates
4.2 Detoxification Metabolism
4.2.1 Conjugation Reactions
4.2.2 Non-conjugation Reactions
4.3 Defenses Against Metabolites Generated from Bioactivation
4.3.1 Antioxidants
4.3.2 Metabolic Detoxifying Enzymes
Bibliography
Chapter 5: Bioactivation Metabolism: Activation Enzymes
5.1 Major Activation Enzymes
5.2 Oxidative Enzymes
5.2.1 Cytochrome P450 Oxidase
5.2.2 Flavin-Containing Monooxygenase

Summary: "For centuries, Chinese leaders and seekers have embraced the art of self-cultivation, xiu yang ("sheow-yaang"). A simple yet powerful principle, xiu yang fosters the capacity to be fully human and awake, finding balance and peace at home and in the community. Author Mimi Kuo-Deemer leads readers through a combination of practices from meditation and mindfulness to yoga and qigong, offering ancient wisdom to help address contemporary challenges"-- Provided by publisher.

Contents:
Part 1. The art of xiu yang
Xiu yang and the dao
The mandala of xiu yang
Seeing the ordinary as extraordinary
Part 2. Xiu yang for a healthy and harmonious body
Living by our body clock
Breath and longevity
Moderate exercise for maximum health
Nin chi le ma? Have you eaten?
Part 3. Xiu yang for a balanced mental and emotional life
Meditating on the breath
Mindfulness: cultivating skillful responses to life
A harmonious heart
Freeing the inner critic: from self-concern to self-cultivation
Part 4. Xiu yang for a happier place in the world
Cultivating virtues for sustainable happiness
Ffluidity and humility
Spontaneity and creativity
Spaciousness.