Books

Summary: This is the third edition of a highly successful textbook that in many areas has become the preferred book of vitreoretinal surgery. It provides a complete guide to all common vitreoretinal surgical procedures and also covers diagnosis and other aspects of management. The book is designed to allow a trainee or professional vitreoretinal surgeon to determine the best methodology in individual cases. In order to acquaint the reader with different opinions, surgical pearls have been contributed by other international experts in vitreoretinal surgery. These have been welcomed in the past as an illustration of alternative methods, without detracting from the overall method described by the main author. Vitreoretinal Surgery, 3rd Edition will continue to prove particularly popular amongst trainees, but will also be of value to practicing professionals who need help in the management of difficult and rare cases.

Contents:
Intro
Preface
Contents
Contributors
Surgical Pearls
List of Figures
List of Tables
1: Anatomy and Clinical Examination of the Eye
Introduction
Surgical Anatomy of the Retina and Vitreous
The Vitreous
Embryology
The Anatomy
Anatomical Attachments of the Vitreous to the Surrounding Structures
The Retina
Embryology
Anatomy
Retinal Pigment Epithelium
Photoreceptor Layer
Outer Segments
Inner Segments
Outer Limiting Layer
Outer Plexiform Layer
Intermediary Neurones
Inner Nuclear Layer
Inner Plexiform Layer
Ganglion Cells Ganglion Cell Layer
Nerve Fibre Layer
Inner Limiting Membrane
Retinal Blood Vessels
Other Fundal Structures
Bruch's Membrane
Choroid
The Physiology of the Vitreous
Anatomy and Physiology and the Vitreoretinal Surgeon
Clinical Examination and Investigation
Examination of the Eye
Examination Technique
Visual Acuity
The Slit Lamp
Binocular Indirect Ophthalmoscope
Using the Indenter
Ultrasonography
Vitreous Haemorrhage
Posterior Vitreous Detachment
Subretinal Haemorrhage
Optical Coherence Tomography
Time-Domain OCT Colour Coding (Fig. 1.29)
Scan of Normal Features
Frequency-Domain OCT
Full-Field OCT
Scan Resolution
Images and Measurements
Performing the Scan
Macular Scan Patterns
Central Retinal Thickness
Inner Segment and Outer Segment Junction and External Limiting Membrane
Subjective Tests
The Preoperative Assessment
Summary
References
2: Introduction to Vitreoretinal Surgery 1
Introduction
Choice of Anaesthesia
Pars Plana Vitrectomy
Sclerotomies
Where to Place the Trochars?
Creating a Self-Sealing Sclerotomy
Wounds and Tissue Manipulation Securing the Infusion Cannula
Checking the Infusion
How to Clear the End of Non-Penetrating Infusion Cannula?
Thinking in Compartments
The Superior Trochars
Where to Place
Surgical Tip
Checking the View
The Independent Viewing System [5]
Surgical Pearl
Optimising Use of the Wide-Angle Viewing System
Removing the Vitreous
Hagan Poiseuille Law
Vitrectomy Cutters
Handling the Light Pipe
Intraocular Instruments, Arc of Safety
The Internal Search (Figs. 2.73 and 2.74)
Thinking in Compartments
Light and Laser Properties Types of Laser in Ophthalmology
Endolaser (Figs. 2.81, 2.82, 2.83)
Yag Laser
Using a Contact Lens
Closing
Surgical Pearl
Intrascleral Hydration for 23-Gauge Pars Plana Vitrectomy Sclerotomy Closure
Advantages and Disadvantages of 23G, 25G, and 27G Systems
Combined Cataract Extraction and PPV
Surgical Pearl
Avoiding Hypotony
How to Decide Whether to Perform Combined Surgery
Biometry
Complications
Chandelier Systems and Bimanual Surgery
Dyes
Intracameral Antibiotics
Intravitreal Injections
Injection Medications
Complications

Contents:
1. Should you become a VR surgeon?
2. How to train as a VR surgeon outside a formal fellowship
3. Fundamental rules for the VR surgeon
4. Frequently asked questions about the basics of VR surgery
5. The VR surgeon's relation to his patient: counseling
6. The VR surgeon's relation to his nurse
7. Examination
8. The indication whether to operate
9. The indication when to operate (timing)
10. The order of cases if multiple surgeries are performed
11. The surgeon's relation to himself
12. Major equipment, their accessories and use
13. Instruments, tools, and their use
14. Materials and their use
15. Anesthesia
16. The surgeon at the operating table
17. Vitrectomy performed via the "standard" method and its alternatives
18. Disinfection, draping, and perioperative medications
19. The speculum and its placement
20. Holding and operating hand instruments
21. Sclerotomies and the cannulas
22. Illumination
23. The checklist before the first cut with the probe
24. Using the vitrectomy probe
25. Maintaining good visualization
26. Anatomy and physiology: what the VR surgeon must know
27. The basics of vitreous removal
28. Scleral indentation
29. Cryopexy
30. Endolaser
31. Working with the under air
32. Working with membranes
35. Tamponades
36. Submacular hemorrhage
37. Subretinal biopsy
38. Combined surgery
39. AC basics
40. Handling of major intraoperative complications
41. Pediatric patients
42. The highly myopic eye
43. Intravitreal injections
44. Dropped nucleus and dislocated IOL
45. Endophthalmitis
46. Floaters
47. Hyphema
48. Iris abnormalities
49. Macular disorders: edema
50. Macular disorders related to traction: VMTS, cellophane maculopathy, EMP, macular hole
51. Optic pit
52. PDR
53. PVR
54. Retinal detachment
55. RD, tractional and combined
56. RD, central
57. Retinoschisis
58. RVO
59. Scleroplasty
60. Suprachoroidal hemorrhage
61. Uveitis, posterior
62. Vitreous hemorrhage
63. Trauma
64. Postoperative care
Further reading
Appendix.

Summary: The vitreous body long has been the most mysterious of all ocular structures, owing perhaps to its seeming simplicity. There have been few concerted, sustained efforts to unravel the mysteries of how vitreous is composed and what role it plays in normal physiology as well as pathology. Over the years, however, many studies have produced important findings concerning vitreous biochemistry, structure, physiology, and pathobiology. Published on the 25th anniversary of Sebag's first book on Vitreous, this second installment is nearly five times longer than its predecessor, reflecting how much has been learned in the past quarter century. This well-constructed compendium not only addresses the most current scientific knowledge, but also reviews clinical perspec?tives in a manner that lends richness to the scope of the book. Written by 90 authors, this book has 56 chapters organized into 7 sections: Biochemistry; Anatomy, Development, and Aging; Pathology/Pathobiology; Physiology and Phamacotherapy; Posterior Vitreo-Retinal Surgery; Peripheral Vitreo-Retinal Surgery; and Pharmacologic Vitreolysis. With a foreword by Coleman & Lincoff and an introduction by Wallace Foulds, Sebag's latest tome on vitreous is destined to be the authoritative text for years to come.

Summary: Advances in technology now offer promising solutions to deal with the chronological aging of the cell, tissue or organ to synchronize its existence and its use. This book covers the developments in and benefits of the latest vitrification technology and its extensive applications in reproductive medicine. Protocols of gametes (oocyte and sperm), embryos, blastocysts and ovarian tissue cryopreservation have been reviewed by leaders in the field. In order to address the escalation in cross-border reproductive tourism entailing the transfer of reproductive cells and tissues rather than the patient, the challenges, caution and emerging possibilities of nitrogen vapor shipment of vitrified cells have been discussed. Current perspectives on oocyte banking present the reader with options and solutions to effectively utilize these gametes despite the physiological deterrants. The versatile applications and potential of vitrification of human embryonic stem cells, discussed in the concluding chapter, is an exciting reality offered by vitrification to help overcome numerous stumbling blocks in the management of various disorders.

Contents:
Vitrification: An Overview
Vitrification Solutions: Historical Development
Vitrification of Oocytes: General Considerations
Sperm Vitrification
Ovarian Tissue Vitrification for Fertility Preservation
Clinical Applications of Vitrification
Vitrification Of Day 2-3 Human Embryos Using Various Methods
Current Trends In Fertility Preservation Through Egg Banking
Nitrogen Vapor Shipment Of Vitrified Cells: Challenges, Caution and Emerging Opportunities
Oocyte Banking: Current Perspectives
Vitrification of Human Embryonic Stem Cells.

Summary: This book provides a core revision resource for candidates sitting part 2 of the FRCOphth and other UK and international qualifying exams such as the FRCS, MRCS, FAMS and FRANZCO. Clear, didactic chapters logically outline the requirements for Structured Vivas and Objective Structured Clinical Examination with 'Dos and Donts for each section. Viva and OSCE Exams in Ophthalmology: A Revision Study Guide fills the need for a study companion that contains all the required resources in a single usable guide for candidates sitting fellowship exams to become a registered ophthalmologist or surgeon. Ophthalmic specialist trainees, specialty doctors, staff grades, and associate specialists who wish to become a fellow will find this book to be an essential guide to revising for oral and clinical based exams in ophthalmology.

Contents:
Part I: Structured Viva
Viva technique : Do's and Dont's
Patient Investigations and Interpretation
Patient Management in Clinical Practice
Attitudes, Ethics and Responsibilities in Clinical Practice
Health Promotion, Audit, Research and Evidence-Based Medicine
Communication Skill Scenarios
Part II: Objective Structured Clinical Examination (OSCE)
OSCE technique: Do's and Dont's
Anterior segment and cataract
Glaucoma and Lid
Posterior segment
Strabismus and Orbit
Neuro-ophthalmology.

Summary: This book provides step-by-step illustrated descriptions of diverse vocal fold injection techniques, including some not previously described. The aim is to provide laryngologists in general, and especially those who are less experienced, with the detailed understanding and guidance needed in order to achieve optimal outcomes. Highly experienced experts describe approaches via the transoral, transnasal, and transcutaneous routes and offer guidance on indications, injection materials, pre- and postoperative care, and the management of complications. Special considerations that must be borne in mind when employing different vocal fold injection techniques, in different settings, are also carefully explained. In offering comprehensive, up-to-date information on this minimally invasive and cost-effective procedure, Vocal Fold Injection will be an essential aid for practitioners.

Contents:
Intro
Preface
Contents
Contributors
Part I: General Considerations and Preoperative Preparations
1: History of Vocal Fold Injection
1.1 Historical Perspective of Vocal Fold Injection
1.2 Paraffin
1.3 Cartilage and Bone Paste
1.3.1 Cartilage
1.3.2 Bone Paste
1.3.3 Shortcomings of Cartilage and Bone Paste
1.4 Tantalum
1.5 Teflon
1.5.1 Introduction of Teflon
1.5.2 Clinical Efficacy and Technical Improvement of Teflon Injection
1.5.3 Tissue Response to Injected Teflon
1.5.4 Complications of Teflon
1.6 Silicone 1.6.1 Introduction of Silicone
1.6.2 Development of Improved Form of Silicone
1.6.3 Shortcoming of Silicone
1.7 Gelfoam
1.8 Collagen
1.8.1 Exogenous Collagen (Heterologous Bovine Collagen, Zyderm® or Zyplast®)
1.8.2 Human Collagen
1.8.2.1 Autologous Collagen (Purified Human Forms of Autologous Collagen)
1.8.2.2 Homologous Collagen (Purified Forms of Human Collagen from Homologous Cadaveric Skin, Micronized Acellular Derma Compound, Cymetra®)
References
2: Surgical Anatomy for Vocal Fold Injection
2.1 Laryngeal Framework
2.1.1 Hyoid Bone 2.1.2 Thyroid Cartilage
2.1.3 Cricoid Cartilage
2.2 Laryngeal Membranes and Ligaments
2.2.1 Extrinsic
2.2.2 Intrinsic
2.3 Laryngeal Cavity
2.3.1 Preepiglottic Space
2.3.2 Paraglottic Space
2.4 Vocal Fold
2.4.1 Gross Anatomy
2.4.2 Microanatomy
2.5 Anatomical Consideration for VFI
References
3: Indications for Vocal Fold Injection
3.1 Unilateral Vocal Fold Paralysis
3.1.1 Definition
3.1.2 Etiology
3.1.2.1 Iatrogenic
3.1.2.2 Neoplastic (Non Laryngeal)
3.1.2.3 Idiopathic
3.1.3 Evaluation
3.1.3.1 History Taking 3.1.3.2 Laryngoscopy and Stroboscopy
3.1.3.3 Imaging Studies
3.1.3.4 Voice Assessments
3.1.3.5 Laryngeal Electromyography
3.1.4 Treatment
3.1.4.1 Principle
3.1.4.2 Spontaneous Recovery
3.1.4.3 Voice Therapy
3.1.4.4 Surgical Management
3.2 Benign Vocal Fold Lesions
3.2.1 Definition
3.2.2 Etiology
3.2.3 Diagnosis
3.2.4 Treatment
3.3 Spasmodic Dysphonia
3.3.1 Definition
3.3.2 Etiology
3.3.3 Diagnosis
3.3.4 Treatment
3.4 Vocal Process Granuloma
3.4.1 Definition
3.4.2 Etiology
3.4.3 Diagnosis
3.4.4 Treatment References
4: Anesthesia for Vocal Fold Injection
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Anatomy
4.2.1 Nasal Cavity
4.2.2 Oropharynx
4.2.3 Larynx
4.3 Medications
4.3.1 Anesthetics
4.3.1.1 Lidocaine
4.3.1.2 Tetracaine
4.3.2 Decongestants
4.3.3 Anti-Secretion Medications
4.4 Procedures
4.4.1 Patient Preparation
4.4.2 Nasal Anesthesia
4.4.3 Pharyngeal Anesthesia
4.4.4 Laryngeal Anesthesia
4.4.5 Skin Anesthesia
4.5 Medical Concerns
References
Part II: Approaches for Vocal Fold Injection
5: Trans-Oral Approach
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Indications for Trans-Oral Technique.

Summary: This book serves as a guide to any patient, clinician, or person who desires to understand how transgender and gender diverse individuals can be assisted in achieving voice and communication congruity with gender. Voice and communication style serve as intricate links to ones identity and are central aspects of the gender transition process. Guiding a transgender or gender diverse patient through this transition is complex, requiring an understanding of the patients desires, the ability to identify and work with patients to achieve sustainable patterns of behavioral modification that affect voice in a positive manner, and an understanding of the role of newly emerging surgical techniques. This is best addressed by an interdisciplinary team, and this book makes this material available in one source. The first section of the book consists of introductory chapters written by primary care physicians, endocrinologists, and psychiatrists addressing the complex nature of transition from the medical standpoint. A review of hormonal replacement therapies, psychological evaluations, and potential effects of hormone replacement on voice is included. The second section describes the behavioral techniques available in speech and voice therapy for voice change and addresses outcomes that can be expected from behavioral intervention. Each chapter addresses the physiologic principles of therapeutic techniques for effecting change, techniques of instruction, nuances for transgender and gender diverse patients, methods of generalization, and methods of maintenance. Finally, the third section of the book details the surgical techniques available to assist patients in voice transition and their expected outcomes for voice modification. Each chapter includes an introduction, preoperative assessment, role of preoperative therapy, surgical technique, postoperative management, and expected outcome. This section also includes a surgical atlas. This is an ideal guide for otolaryngologists, speech-language pathologists, primary care providers, as well as psychiatrists and endocrinologists caring for transgender and gender nonconforming patients.

Contents:
Part I. Background: patient history and evaluation
1. Introduction to the care of transgender persons
2. Medical management for transgender patients
3. Strategies for evaluating patients' readiness for surgical intervention: from a psychiatric perspective
4. Barriers to care and cultural responsiveness in transgender and gender nonconforming voice modification
5. Patient-reported outcomes and data collection in treatment-seeking transgender and gender nonconforming individuals
-- Part II. Behavioral interventions to aid transition
6. Applying flow phonation in voice care for transgender women, nonbinary, and gender nonconforming individuals
7. Resonant voice care
8. Working with pitch in transgender and gender nonconforming voice care
9. Nonverbal communication
10. The singing voice
11. Behavioral management for masculinization of voice and communication across the gender spectrum
Part III. Surgical techniques to aid transition
12. Surgical concepts in transgender voice change
13. Cricothyroid approximation
14. Laser-assisted voice adjustment (LAVA)
15. Laser reduction glottoplasty: vocal fold reduction surgery for feminine voice quality in transgender women
16. Modified Wendler glottoplasty: endoscopic bilateral partial cordectomy with primary closure
17. Feminization laryngoplasty
18. Type III thryroplasty: voice masculinization
19. Thyroid cartilage reduction
Index.

Summary: This volume provides a comprehensive review of causes of voice changes in athletes and coaches, the clinical presentation of laryngeal dysfunction, and its different treatment modalities. The authors discuss the predisposing factors of these changes including the use of anabolic steroids, and highlight the pathophysiology of voice disorders in sports-occupational voice users who very often need to vocalize outdoors and/or while performing strenuous exercise over noise. Chapters cover the literature on vocal health risk factors in the sports industry; the common phonatory disturbances in athletes, fitness instructors and coaches; sports-related laryngeal trauma; the impact of sports-related musculoskeletal injuries on phonation; vocal fold dysfunction in athletes, as well as the adverse effect of anabolic steroids intake on occupational voice users (continued).

Contents:
1. Anatomy and Physiology of Voice
2. Patient History
3. Physical Examination
4. Professional Voice Users: An Overview of Medical Disorders and Treatments
5. Vocal Health Risk Factors in Sports Occupational Voice Users
6. Voice Disorders in Coaches and Fitness Instructors: Prevalence and Pathophysiology
7. Sports-Related Musculoskeletal Injuries in Athletes: Implications for Voice
8. Exercise-Induced Laryngeal Obstruction in Athletes
9. Laryngeal Trauma in Athletes and its Implication for Voice
10. Sex Hormone Disturbances in Athletes: Implications for Voice
11. Voice Health Management in Sports Occupational Voice Users.

Summary: "A leading economist answers one of today's trickiest questions: Why do some great ideas make it big while others fail to take off? "Scale" has become a favored buzzword in the startup world. But scale isn't just about accumulating more users or capturing more market share. It's about whether an idea that takes hold in a small group can do the same in a much larger one-whether you're growing a small business, rolling out a diversity and inclusion program, or delivering billions of doses of a vaccine. Translating an idea into widespread impact, says University of Chicago economist John A. List, depends on one thing only: whether it can achieve "high voltage"-the ability to be replicated at scale. In The Voltage Effect, List explains that scalable ideas share a common set of attributes, while any number of attributes can doom an unscalable idea. Drawing on his original research, as well as fascinating examples from the realms of business, policymaking, education, and public health, he identifies five measurable vital signs that a scalable idea must possess, and offers proven strategies for avoiding voltage drops and engineering voltage gains. You'll learn: How celebrity chef Jamie Oliver expanded his restaurant empire by focusing on scalable "ingredients" (until it collapsed because talent doesn't scale) Why the failure to detect false positives early on caused the Reagan-era drug-prevention program to backfire at scale How governments could deliver more services to more citizens if they focused on the last dollar spent How one education center leveraged positive spillovers to narrow the achievement gap across the entire community Why the right set of incentives, applied at scale, can boost voter turnout, increase clean energy use, encourage patients to consistently take their prescribed medication, and more. By understanding the science of scaling, we can drive change in our schools, workplaces, communities, and society at large. Because a better world can only be built at scale"-- Provided by publisher.

Contents:
Introduction
Dupers and False Positives
Know Your Audience
Is It the Chef or the Ingredients?
Spillovers
The Cost Trap
Incentives that Scale
Revolution on the Margins
Quitting is for Winners
Scaling Culture
Conclusion.

Summary: A number of techniques to study ion channels have been developed since the electrical basis of excitability was first discovered. Ion channel biophysicists have at their disposal a rich and ever-growing array of instruments and reagents to explore the biophysical and structural basis of sodium channel behavior. Armed with these tools, researchers have made increasingly dramatic discoveries about sodium channels, culminating most recently in crystal structures of voltage-gated sodium channels from bacteria. These structures, along with those from other channels, give unprecedented insight into the structural basis of sodium channel function. This volume of the Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology will explore sodium channels from the perspectives of their biophysical behavior, their structure, the drugs and toxins with which they are known to interact, acquired and inherited diseases that affect sodium channels and the techniques with which their biophysical and structural properties are studied.

Summary: The book offers a comprehensive review of the relations between volumes and outcomes in oncological surgery especially in Italian hospitals, based on national and regional data. After illustrating the quality-control methodology and the determinants of surgical outcomes, it discusses the volume-outcome relationship in different fields of surgical oncology (cancers of the upper and lower gastrointestinal tract, hepatopancreatobiliary system, breast, sarcomas etc.) and suggests possible solutions. The latest findings from Europe and the USA are also presented.

Contents:
1 Introduction
2 A Brief History of This Topic
3 Determinants of Outcome in Health Care
4 State of The Art in Italy : The Role of Agenas
5 Outcome and Quality Control in Surgery
6 Outcome in Esophagogastric Surgery
7 Outcome in Hepatobiliary Surgery
8 Outcome in Pancreatic Surgery
9 Outcome in Colorectal Surgery
10 Outcome in Surgery of Sarcomas
11 Outcome in Breast Surgery
12 Outcome in Endocrine Surgery
13 Outcome in Thoracic Surgery
14 The Specific Role of Minimally Invasive Surgery ( Lap And Robotics )
15 How to Tackle with this Problem in Different European Nations
16 Outcome in USA
17 Outcome in Non Oncologic Surgery : is it Worth a Discussion?
18 Proposal and Solutions in Italy with Experiences from Different Regions
19 Conclusions and Call for Actions.

Summary: "Four stories of real patients who considered and then activated plans to voluntarily stop eating and drinking (VSED) are presented. Each had unique personal and clinical circumstances, but all wanted to know what "escape options" might be possible if their anticipated or actual suffering or deterioration became unacceptable to them. Most were initially unaware of VSED as a life-ending option until informed by the treating clinicians, and some were disappointed that they could not receive medical aid-in-dying which they clearly would have preferred. The process of becoming aware and then ultimately choosing and completing VSED are explored. The prospect of losing decision-making capacity late in VSED and expressing a basic desire for food and drink should be anticipated and planned for. VSED was ultimately effective in helping these patients achieve a wished-for death, but the process was not without challenges"-- Provided by publisher.

Contents:
t.
1. Die medizinalstatistischen Grundlagen : Sterblichkeit, Todesursachen, Geburten, Körperbeschaffenheit in Stadt und Land und in verschiedenen Wohlstandsstufen ; Einfluss des Berufes auf Sterblichkeit und Erkrankungshäufigkeit ; Krankenkassenstatistik.

Summary: This book offers comprehensive information on modern approaches to vulvar lesions, taking into account recent management recommendations and employing the consensus terminology of the International Society for the Study of Vulvovaginal Disease (ISSVD). Further, it breaks with past misconceptions and myths, and explains in detail the modern approach. The aim is to help clinicians perform the differential diagnosis of vulvar conditions and implement the new recommended treatments. The core chapters of the book are arranged in accordance with lesion presentation: red lesions, white lesions, patches and plaques, papules and nodules, erosions and ulcers, blisters, etc. For each lesion, the multidisciplinary management is fully explained, including clarifications of the role of gynecologists, dermatologists, physical therapists, pain specialists, sex therapists, and others. Clinical case presentations and numerous illustrations of treatment procedures are included, supplemented by informative online videos. A separate chapter is devoted to vulvar pain, which is increasingly becoming recognized as a growing problem. Here, again the past approaches are replaced with new paradigms. All of the authors are acknowledged experts in the field and the editor is a past president of the ISSVD. The book will be of value for all vulvar specialists and a wide range of other clinicians.

Contents:
Introduction (New terminology, Vulvar anatomy, principles of diagnosis and treatment).- Part I Skin-colored Lesions papules and nodules: Papillomatosis of the vestibule and medial labia minora (a normal finding; not a disease).- Molluscum contagiosum.- Warts (HPV infection).- Scar.- Vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia.- Skin tag (acrochordon, fibroepithelial polyp).- Nevus (intradermal type).- Mucinous cysts of the vestibule and medial labia minora.- Epidermal cyst.- Mammary-like gland tumor (hidradenoma papilliferum).- artholin gland cyst and tumor.- Syringoma.- Basal cell carcinoma.- Part II Skin-colored plaques: Lichen simplex chronicus (LSC) and other lichenified disease.- Vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia.- Part III Red lesions: eczematous and lichenified diseases: Allergic contact dermatitis.- Irritant contact dermatitis.- Atopic dermatitis).- Eczematous changes superimposed on other vulvar disorders.- Diseases clinically mimicking eczematous disease (candidiasis, Hailey-Hailey disease and extramammary Paget's disease).- Lichen simplex chronicus (lichenification with no preceding skin lesions).- Lichenification superimposed on an underlying preceding pruritic disease.- Part IV Red lesions: red patches and plaques: Candidiasis.- Psoriasis.- Vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia.- Lichen planus.- Plasma cell (Zoon's) vulvitis.- Bacterial soft-tissue infection (cellulitis and early necrotizing fasciitis).- Extramammary Paget's disease.- Part V Red lesions: papules: Folliculitis.- Wart (HPV infection).- Angiokeratoma.- Molluscum contagiosum (inflamed).- Hidradenitis suppurativa (early lesions).- Hailey-Hailey disease.- Part VI Red lesions: nodules: Furuncles ('boils').- Wart (HPV infection).- Prurigo nodularis.- Vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia.- Molluscum contagiosum (inflamed).- Urethral caruncle and prolapse.- Hidradenitis suppurativa.- Mammary-like gland adenoma (hidradenoma papilliferum).- Inflamed epidermal cyst.- Bartholin duct abscess.- Squamous cell carcinoma.- Melanoma (amelanotic type).- Part VII White lesions: papules and nodules : Fordyce spots.- Molluscum contagiosum.- Wart.- Scar.- Vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia.- Squamous cell carcinoma.- Milium (pl. milia).- Epidermal cyst.- Hailey-Hailey disease.- Part VIII White lesions: patches and plaques: Vitiligo.- Lichen sclerosus.- Post-inflammatory hypopigmentation.- Lichenified diseases.- Lichen planus.- Vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia.- Squamous cell carcinoma.- Part IX Dark colored (brown, blue, gray or black) lesions: patches: Melanocytic nevus.- Vulvar melanosis (vulvar lentiginosis).- Post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation.- Lichen planus.- Acanthosis nigricans.- Melanoma-in-situ.- Part X Dark colored (brown, blue, gray or black) lesions: papules and nodules: Melanocytic nevus.- Warts (HPV infection).- Vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia.- Seborrheic keratosis.- Angiokeratoma (capillary angioma, cherry angioma).- Mammary-like gland adenoma (hidradenoma papilliferum).- Melanoma.- Part XI Blisters: vesicles and bullae: Herpesvirus infections (herpes simplex, herpes zoster).- Acute eczema.- Bullous lichen sclerosus.- Lymphangioma circumscriptum (lymphangiectasia).- Immune blistering disorders.- Part XII Blisters: Pustules: Candidiasis.- Folliculitis.-.- Part XIII: Erosions: Excoriations.- Erosive lichen planus.- Fissures arising on normal tissue (idiopathic, intercourse related).- Fissures arising on abnormal tissue (candidiasis, lichen simplex chronicus, psoriasis, Crohn's disease, etc.).- Vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia, eroded variant.- Ruptured vesicles, bullae and pustules.- Extramammary Paget's disease.- Part XIV Ulcers: Excoriations (related to eczema, lichen simplex chronicus).- Aphthous ulcers; syn. Aphthous minor, aphthous major, Lipschütz ulcer.- Crohn's disease.- Herpesvirus infection.- Ulcerated squamous cell carcinoma.- Primary syphilis (chancre).- Part XV: Skin-coloured edema: Crohn's disease.- Idiopathic lymphatic abnormality (congenital Milroy's disease).- Post-radiation and post-surgical lymphatic obstruction.- Post-infectious edema (esp. staphylococcal and streptococcal cellulitis).- Post-inflammatory edema (esp. hidradenitis suppurativa).- Part XVI: Pink or red edema: Venous obstruction.- Cellulitis.- Inflamed Bartholin duct cyst/abscess.- Crohn's disease.- Mild vulvar edema.- Part XVII: Vulvar pain caused by a specific disorder: Infectious.- Inflammatory.- Neoplastic.- Neurologic.- Trauma.- Iatrogenic.- Hormonal deficiencies.- Part XVIII: Vulvodynia descriptors: Localized or Generalized or Mixed (localized and generalized).- Provoked or Spontaneous or Mixed (provoked and spontaneous).- Onset.- Temporal pattern.

Summary: This book details the histologic clues in diagnosing the inflammatory dermatoses and neoplastic process of the vulva. The inflammatory dermatoses are divided into histologic patterns to aid recognition. Expert authors provide updates on ancillary techniques such as special stains, immunohistochemistry and chromogenic in situ hybridization when applicable. New advances in classifying squamous lesions as well as staging melanocytic lesions are outlined. They include the recent CAP/ASCCP (College of American Pathologists and the American Society for Colposcopy and Cervical Pathology) lower anogenital squamous terminology for HPV-associated lesions and the 2009 AJCC (American Joint Committee on Cancer) staging system for melanoma. New advances in molecular findings and potential targeted therapy are discussed for the squamous, melanocytic, adnexal and soft tissue tumors whenever it is pertinent. Vulvar Pathology will be a useful diagnostic guide for general pathologists, pathology trainees, dermatopathologists, dermatologists, and gynecologic pathologists in rendering diagnoses in vulvar inflammatory dermatoses as well as melanocytic, squamous, adnexal, and soft tissue neoplasms of the vulva.

Contents:
Part I: The Normal Vulva.- Normal Vulva: Embryology, Anatomy and Histology
Part II: Inflammatory Dermatoses of the Vulva
Histologic Clues in Interpreting Vulvar Inflammatory and Autoimmune Dermatoses
Inflammatory Disorders Affecting the Epidermis of the Vulva
Blistering Disorders and Acantholytic Processes Affecting the Epidermis of the Vulva
Inflammatory Dermatoses Affecting the Dermis or Both the Epidermis and Dermis of the Vulva
6: Infectious Diseases and Infestations of the Vulva
Part III: Melanocytic and Squamous Proliferations of the Vulva
Pigmentary Alterations and Benign Melanocytic Lesions of the Vulva
Malignant Melanoma of the Vulva
Part IV: Vulvar Intraepithelial Neoplasia and Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Squamous Intraepithelial Lesions of the Vulva
Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Vulva
Part V: Cysts, Glandular Lesions, and Anogenital Mammary-Like Lesions of the Vulva
Lesions of Anogenital Mammary-Like Glands, Adnexal Neoplasms, and Metastases
Cysts, Glandular Lesions and Others
Part VI: Mesenchymal Proliferations of the Vulva
Fibrous/Myofibroblastic Proliferations of the Vulva.-Vascular Lesions of the Vulva
Tumors of Smooth Muscle, of Skeletal Muscle, and of Unknown Origin and Tumor-Like Conditions of the Vulva.

Contents:
Intro; Preface; Contents;
1: Introduction; 1.1 A General View; 1.2 Female Genital Mutilation/Cutting (FGM/C); 1.3 Personal Trip to Tanzania; 1.4 The European Community and FGM/C; 1.5 The Ritual of FGM/C and Its Side Effects; 1.5.1 Physical and Psychological Damage; 1.5.2 Psychological Damage Without Physical Correlate; 1.6 Other Acquired Deformities; 1.6.1 Nonneoplastic Disorders; 1.6.2 Neoplastic Disorders; 1.6.3 Inflammatory Diseases; 1.6.4 Functional Disorders; 1.7 Justifying Indication for Reconstruction in FGM/C Patients; 1.7.1 Importance of Reconstructive Surgery 1.7.2 Importance of Defibulation by Means of a Vulvar Opening Versus Vulvar Reconstruction in FGM/C Type III PatientsLiterature;
2: Basic Consideration; 2.1 Clinical Setting; 2.2 Patient Management; 2.3 Clinical Management; 2.4 Anatomy; 2.4.1 Region of the Clitoris; 2.4.2 Region of the Minor and Major Labias; 2.4.3 Region of the Genitofemoral Sulcus; 2.5 Pathology; Literature;
3: Procedures; 3.1 General Perspective; 3.1.1 Surgical Instruments; 3.1.2 Planning; 3.1.3 Anesthesia and Preparation; 3.1.4 Positioning; 3.1.5 Perforator Dissection; 3.2 Clitoral Reconstruction 3.2.1 General Perspective3.2.2 Reconstruction of the Prepuce Using the Omega-Domed Flap (OD Flap); 3.2.2.1 Importance of the Clitoral Prepuce and the OD Flap; 3.2.2.2 Operative Procedure of the OD Flap; 3.2.3 Reconstruction of the Clitoral Glans: The Neurotizing and Molding of the Clitoral Stump (NMCS) Procedure (Video 3.1); 3.3 Complex Vulvar Reconstruction Following FGM Type III (Infibulation); 3.3.1 General Perspective; 3.3.2 Vulvar Reconstruction with the Anterior Obturator Artery Perforator Flap (aOAP Flap); 3.3.2.1 General Perspective 3.3.2.2 The aOAP Flap Procedure (Video 3.2)3.3.2.3 Advanced Vulvar Reconstruction with the aOAP Flap: The Split-aOAP Flap Technique; 3.3.2.4 Full Vulvar Reconstruction After Vulvectomy (Video 3.3); 3.3.2.5 Reconstruction in FGM Type IV; 3.3.2.6 Algorithm for Complex Vulvar Reconstruction; 3.4 Adjunctives; 3.5 Postoperative Care; 3.5.1 Clitoral and Prepuce Reconstruction; 3.5.2 Complex Vulvar Reconstruction; 3.6 Management of Complications; 3.6.1 General Perspective; 3.6.2 Primary Complication; 3.6.2.1 Pain; 3.6.2.2 Swelling; 3.6.2.3 Hematoma; 3.6.2.4 Infection 3.6.2.5 Vascular Insufficiency and Tissue Loss3.6.2.6 Psychological Distress; 3.6.3 Secondary Complications; 3.6.3.1 Scarring; 3.6.3.2 Hair Growth of the Vestibule or Vaginal Introitus; 3.6.3.3 Folliculitis of the Vestibule or Vaginal Introitus; 3.7 Personal Perspective and Epilog; Literature