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- BookWorld Health Organization ; International Center for Equity in Health, Pelotas.Summary: "Achieving equity in health requires a commitment to monitoring health inequalities which, in turn, necessitates strong, equity-oriented health information systems. High-quality data and robust monitoring systems ensure that efforts can be targeted appropriately and that progress can be tracked. Countries must strengthen health information systems to generate better data and evidence to measure progress. Integral to the health inequality monitoring process is the task of reporting data in a meaningful way. This State of inequality report exemplifies effective reporting practices, featuring the topic of reproductive, maternal, newborn and child health. The report addresses the challenge of how to best communicate a large and complex body of data in a manner that is comprehensible, flexible and appealing to a wide readership. Foreword viii Feature stories provide an in-depth look at the state of inequality for selected indicators and highlight key observations in reproductive health interventions, maternal health interventions, care-seeking for sick children, childhood immunization, child malnutrition and child mortality. Perhaps most notable, however, is the innovative use of electronic visualization technology. Story-point dashboards, for instance, guide the reader through a succession of visuals where readers can use interactive tools to further explore, sort and filter the data. Similarly, interactive maps and tables engage readers in customizing how data are viewed. The report reveals that significant inequalities exist in low- and middle-income countries in the area of reproductive, maternal, newborn and child health. The good health of women, infants and children is essential for sustainable development, and there is still much work to be done. Discussions will increasingly call into question how efforts to improve reproductive, maternal, newborn and child health can achieve early and accelerated progress among those who are falling behind."--Pages viii-ix
Contents:
Foreword
Acknowledgements
Executive summary
1. Introduction
2. Background
2.1. Inequality
2.2. Health inequality
2.3. Reproductive, maternal, newborn and child health
3. Monitoring the state of inequality in RMNCH
3.1. Data
3.1.1. Data sources
3.1.2. Health indicator data
3.1.3. Dimension of inequality data
3.1.4. Country selection
3.2. Analysis
3.2.1. Data disaggregation
3.2.2. Summary measures
3.3. Reporting
3.3.1. Data visualization
3.3.2. Feature stories
4. The state of inequality in RMNCH: stories from low- and middle-income countries
4.1. Reproductive health interventions
4.2. Maternal health interventions
4.3. Care-seeking for sick children
4.4. Childhood immunization
4.5. Child malnutrition
4.6. Child mortality
4.7. RMNCH interventions, combined
4.8. Potential for improvement in RMNCH interventions
5. Reporting the state of inequality: taking stock
5.1. The importance of data disaggregation
5.2. Equity orientation of policies, programmes and practices
5.3. Equity-oriented health information systems
5.4. Reducing inequality across health topics and the post-2015 sustainable development agenda
References
Appendices
Appendix 1. Data and analysis methods
Appendix 2. Assessing health inequality: methodological considerations
Appendix 3. Visualizing disaggregated data using maps
Appendix 4. Guide to interpreting the visuals used in this report
Appendix 5. Interactive visualization of health data
Appendix 6. Additional interactive visuals: references for further data exploration
Appendix 7. Patterns of inequality
Supplementary tables
Index.Digital Access WHO 2015 - Bookedited by Arthur C. Giese [and] John S. Pearse.Contents:
v. 1. Acoelomate and pseudocoelomate metazoans.--
v. 2. Entoprocts and lesser coelomates.--
v. 3. Annelids and echiurans.--
v. 4. Molluscs: Gastropods and cephalopods.--
v. 5. Molluscs: Pelecypods and lesser classes.--
v. 6. Echinoderms and Lophophorates.--[v. 7-8 never published].--
v. 9. General aspects: Seeking unity in diversity.Digital AccessProviderVersionVol. 1 ScienceDirectVol. 2 ScienceDirectVol. 3 ScienceDirectVol. 4 ScienceDirectVol. 5 ScienceDirect - ArticleBraun J, Sha'afi RI, Unanue ER.J Cell Biol. 1979 Sep;82(3):755-66.Detailed studies of steady-state ion fluxes in murine lymphocytes were used to examine for possible ionic changes generated by surface Ig, the antigen receptor of B lymphocytes. When bound by ligands, surface Ig triggered the mobilization and release of 45Ca2+ from the cell interior by a transmembrane process requiring crosslinking of the bound receptors. This ionic event was unique for two reasons: (a) it did not occur when other common lymphocyte surface macromolecules were bound with rabbit anti-lymphocyte antibodies; and (b) it was not accompanied by a general perturbation of lymphocyte ionic properties such as a change in 42K+ fluxes nor did it depend on the presence of extracellular ions. Capping of surface Ig shares the same time sequence, dose response, requirement for crosslinking, and lack of dependence on extracellular ions. These correlations suggest that mobilization of intracellular Ca2+ may represent an early ionic signal for the contractile activation of lymphocytes that generates capping of surface Ig.