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- ArticleZhang Y, Chu W.Chemosphere. 2022 Apr;293:133611.In this study, a Fe3+/g-C3N4 hybrid catalyst system was proposed to activate peroxymonosulfate (PMS) for the metronidazole (MNZ) photocatalytic degradation. The two catalysts, Fe3+ and g-C3N4, exhibited an obvious synergistic effect in the photocatalytic degradation process. When 1 mM PMS, 0.04 mM Fe3+ and 0.05 g L-1 g-C3N4 were applied, the rate constant of the Fe3+/g-C3N4/PMS/LED process at 0.07288 min-1 is around 3.6 to 6.8 times faster than that of Fe3+/PMS/LED and g-C3N4/PMS/LED processes at 0.0198 and 0.01076 min-1, respectively. Under visible light, electron transfer from photo-activated g-C3N4 to Fe3+, resulting in the continuous regeneration of Fe2+ in the system, which ensures non-stopping production of radicals for MNZ degradation. UV-visible spectra were used to confirm the regeneration of Fe2+. In addition, EPR tests were used to identify the reactive oxygen species involved in the reaction system. Typically, the effects of various operation parameters, including the catalyst dosage, PMS dosage, initial concentration of MNZ and initial pH were examined. This work provided a new idea of promoting pollutant degradation by accelerating Fe3+/Fe2+ redox through semiconductor, which could help to use the catalyst more effectively for wastewater treatment and/or chemical industries.
- ArticleRomero-Sánchez I, Ramírez-García L, Gracia-Lor E, Madrid-Albarrán Y.Food Chem. 2022 Nov 30;395:133611.Rice is frequently contaminated with aflatoxins, that are highly toxic fungal substances and strongly involved on hepatic cancer. In this work, different extraction and clean-up methods were evaluated for the simultaneous extraction and clean-up of aflatoxins B1, B2, G1 and G2 from rice. Favourable results were obtained by using methanol - water (80:20, v/v) extraction followed by immunoaffinity columns for clean-up, with recoveries of 86-92%, standard deviations between 5 and 11%, LOD ranged between 0.09 and 0.32 µg/kg, and LOQ between 0.31 and 1.06 µg/kg. Method validation and sample analysis were performed by using HPLC-MS/MS. Nine rice samples from different origin, varieties and specific characteristics, acquired in Spanish supermarkets were analysed. In two basmati samples from the same batch aflatoxin B1 was detected at (1.62 ± 0.08) µg/kg and (0.77 ± 0.03) µg/kg, both lower than the levels established by European Regulation for aflatoxin B1 in cereals.
- ArticleHuang Y, Zhu K, Hu Z, Chen Y, Li X, Jiang Z, Sillanpää M, Zhao J, Qiu R, Yan K.J Hazard Mater. 2024 Mar 15;466:133611.Singlet oxygen (1O2) is a highly effective reactive species in selectively oxidizing organic pollutants. However, it is still challenging to rationally design robust catalysts for the selective generation of 1O2. Herein, the coordination and engineering architecture of the foam board-like CoSe2 alloy were facilely constructed through a green solvent-free method and displayed almost 100% 1O2 production selectivity. The CoSe2 alloy showed excellent catalytic ability for the efficient and fast removal of organic pollutants via peroxymonosulfate (PMS) activation compared with previously reported cobalt-based catalysts. The CoSe2/PMS system exhibited strong resistance for a broad pH range (3.0-11.0) and various coexisting inorganic ions owing to the advantage of the strong bonding of Co-Se in CoSe2 alloy. Mechanism studies revealed that 1O2 was the only reactive oxygen species in the CoSe2/PMS system. Theoretical calculations demonstrated that Co was the dominant adsorption site for PMS in CoSe2, and the production pathway of 1O2 was PMS* → *OH → *O → 1O2. In addition, it was proved that *OH and *O served as the rate-determining steps for the formation of 1O2 by PMS activation on CoSe2 alloy. These findings provide a rational strategy for preparing a series of low-cost transition metal-based alloy catalysts for PMS activation to achieve high-efficiency 1O2 production in the elimination of organic pollutants.
- ArticleMatuszek MA, Anton A, Thillainathan S, Armstrong NJ.PLoS One. 2015;10(7):e0133611.AIM: To identify biochemical and genetic variation relating to increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular disease in young, lean male and female adults of different ethnicities.
METHOD: Fasting blood and urine and non-fasting blood following oral glucose intake were analysed in 90 Caucasians, South Asians and South East/East Asians.
RESULTS: There were no differences in age, birthweight, blood pressure, body mass index, percent body fat, total energy, percentage of macronutrient intake, microalbumin, leptin, cortisol, adrenocorticotropic hormone, nitric oxide metabolites, C-reactive protein, homocysteine, tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-6, von Willebrand factor, vascular cell adhesion molecule-1, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1, and tissue plasminogen activator. Fasting total cholesterol (P = .000), triglycerides (P = .050), low density lipoprotein (P = .009) and non-fasting blood glucose (15 min) (P = .024) were elevated in South Asians compared with Caucasians, but there was no significant difference in glucose area under curve (AUC). Non-fasting insulin in South Asians (15-120 min), in South East/East Asians (60-120 min), and insulin AUC in South Asians and South East/East Asians, were elevated compared with Caucasians (P≤0.006). The molar ratio of C-peptide AUC/Insulin AUC (P = .045) and adiponectin (P = .037) were lower in South Asians compared with Caucasians. A significant difference in allele frequency distributions in Caucasians and South Asians was found for rs2166706 (P = 0.022) and rs10830963 (P = 0.009), which are both near the melatonin receptor MTNR1B.
CONCLUSIONS: Elevated non-fasting insulin exists in young South Asians of normal fasting glucose and insulin. Hepatic clearance of insulin may be reduced in South Asians. No current biochemical evidence exists of endothelial dysfunction at this stage of development. MTNR1B signalling may be a useful therapeutic target in Asian populations in the prevention of type 2 diabetes mellitus. - ArticlePhilibert DA, Lyons DD, Qin R, Huang R, El-Din MG, Tierney KB.Sci Total Environ. 2019 Nov 25;693:133611.Exposure to oil sands process-affected water (OSPW), a by-product of Canadian oil sands mining operations, can cause both acute and chronic adverse effects in aquatic life. Ozonation effectively degrades naphthenic acids in OSPW, mitigating some of the toxicological effects of exposure. In this study we examined the effect of developmental exposure to raw and ozonated OSPW had on the breeding success, prey capture, and alarm cue response in fish months/years after exposure and the transgenerational effect exposure had on gene expression, global DNA methylation, and larval basal activity. Exposure to raw and ozonated OSPW had no effect on breeding success, and global DNA methylation. Exposure altered the expression of vtg and nkx2.5 in the unexposed F1 generation. Exposure to both raw and ozonated OSPW had a transgenerational impact on larval activity levels, anxiety behaviors, and maximum swim speed compared to the control population. Prey capture success was unaffected, however, the variability in the behavioral responses to the introduction of prey was decreased. Fish developmentally exposed to either treatment were less active before exposure and did not have an anxiety response to the alarm cue hypoxanthine-3-n-oxide. Though ozonation was able to mitigate some of the effects of OSPW exposure, further studies are needed to understand the transgenerational effects and the implications of exposure on complex fish behaviors.
- ArticleZhang X, Shi X, Tian L.Int J Biol Macromol. 2024 Aug;275(Pt 2):133611.In this study, berberine hydrochloride (Ber) was used as model drug to prepare a sustained-release cold sol using hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose (HPMC) to achieve superior drug dissolution and transdermal absorption effects. For comparison, a Ber cold sol without HPMC was also prepared using the same method. The preparation process was optimized based on the in vitro release and transdermal permeability of the drug. The results indicated that 1.67 wt% Carbomer 940 and 1.33 wt% HPMC K100M were selected as matrix components with the best sustained-release effect, and drug dissolution of cold sol prepared by combination of these two matrices was significantly slower than the cold sol without HPMC. In addition, transdermal absorption result demonstrated that 0.67 wt% glycerin and 1.33 wt% peppermint oil were the best osmotic enhancers for the optimization of Ber sustained-release cold sol. Herein, HPMC K100M performed important functions in the external application of Ber.
- Bookedited by May McCreaddie, Gary E. Day, Jane Leanne Griffiths.Summary: "Healthcare in the Arabian Gulf and Greater Middle East is the first evidence-based, English-language textbook to provide a comprehensive overview of healthcare in this region, where health systems are rapidly evolving and feature large numbers of expatriate health professionals serving a population with diverse ethnic, social, cultural and environmental needs"-- publisher's description.Digital Access ClinicalKey [2025]