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- ArticleKannan P, Maiyalagan T, Lin B, Lei W, Jie C, Guo L, Jiang Z, Mao S, Subramanian P.Talanta. 2020 Mar 01;209:120511.An electrochemical immuno-nanogenosensor is developed based on noble-metal-free nickel phosphate nanostructure (NiPNs) as an excellent biocompatible material for miRNA detection in blood serum and urine samples without using indicators for the first time. The pompon flower-like morphology of NiPNs is synthesized, and characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction pattern (XRD), fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and electrochemical impedance methods. The novel NiPNs nanostructured interface was constructed by coordinate covalent bonding between Ni and phosphate group of probe DNA. The constructed NiPNs-p-DNA surface served as the amplified hybridization platform enabling efficient access to numerous target microRNA sequences. As a result, the developed NiPFNs biosensing platform displayed excellent sensitivity, selectivity, and ultralow experimental limit-of-detection (LOD) of 0.034 pM (S/N = 3) as compared with other Ni phosphide nanostructures. This simple and efficient approach is highly suitable for the development of point-of-care detection systems. To the extent of our knowledge, this is the first report on trace level detection of miRNAs employing non-noble Ni metal nanostructures based biosensing platform.
- ArticleWeng G, Slotboom J, Schucht P, Ermiş E, Wiest R, Klöppel S, Peter J, Zubak I, Radojewski P.Neuroimage. 2024 Feb 01;286:120511.GABA+ and Glx (glutamate and glutamine) are widely studied metabolites, yet the commonly used magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) techniques have significant limitations, including sensitivity to B0 and B1+-inhomogeneities, limited bandwidth of MEGA-pulses, high SAR which is accentuated at 7T. To address these limitations, we propose SLOW-EPSI method, employing a large 3D MRSI coverage and achieving a high resolution down to 0.26 ml. Simulation results demonstrate the robustness of SLOW-editing for both GABA+ and Glx against B0 and B1+-inhomogeneities within the range of [-0.3, +0.3] ppm and [40 %, 250 %], respectively. Two protocols, both utilizing a 70 mm thick FOV slab, were employed to target distinct brain regions in vivo, differentiated by their orientation: transverse and tilted. Protocol 1 (n = 11) encompassed 5 locations (cortical gray matter, white matter, frontal lobe, parietal lobe, and cingulate gyrus). Protocol 2 (n = 5) involved 9 locations (cortical gray matter, white matter, frontal lobe, occipital lobe, cingulate gyrus, caudate nucleus, hippocampus, putamen, and inferior thalamus). Quantitative analysis of GABA+ and Glx was conducted in a stepwise manner. First, B1+/B1--inhomogeneities were corrected using water reference data. Next, GABA+ and Glx values were calculated employing spectral fitting. Finally, the GABA+ level for each selected region was compared to the global Glx within the same subject, generating the GABA+/Glx_global ratio. Our findings from two protocols indicate that the GABA+/Glx_global level in cortical gray matter was approximately 16 % higher than in white matter. Elevated GABA+/Glx_global levels acquired with protocol 2 were observed in specific regions such as the caudate nucleus (0.118±0.067), putamen (0.108±0.023), thalamus (0.092±0.036), and occipital cortex (0.091±0.010), when compared to the cortical gray matter (0.079±0.012). Overall, our results highlight the effectiveness of SLOW-EPSI as a robust and efficient technique for accurate measurements of GABA+ and Glx at 7T. In contrast to previous SVS and 2D-MRSI based editing sequences with which only one or a limited number of brain regions can be measured simultaneously, the method presented here measures GABA+ and Glx from any brain area and any arbitrarily shaped volume that can be flexibly selected after the examination. Quantification of GABA+ and Glx across multiple brain regions through spectral fitting is achievable with a 9-minute acquisition. Additionally, acquisition times of 18-27 min (GABA+) and 9-18 min (Glx) are required to generate 3D maps, which are constructed using Gaussian fitting and peak integration.
- ArticleJohn R, Dalal B, Shankarkumar A, Devarajan PV.Int J Pharm. 2021 May 01;600:120511.We present a nanosuspension of betulin, a BCS class II anticancer drug, particularly effective against resistant breast cancer. As anticancer efficacy of betulin is hampered by poor aqueous solubility, a nanosuspension with surface area was considered to enhance efficacy. An innovative approach wherein the betulin nanosuspension is generated instantaneously in situ, by adding a betulin preconcentrate (BeTPC) comprising drug and excipients, to aqueous medium, is successfully demonstrated. The optimal BeTPC when added to isotonic dextrose solution instantaneously generated an in situ nanosuspension (BeTNS-15) with high precipitation efficiency (92.7 ± 1.21%), average particle size (383.74 ± 7.24 nm) and good stability as per ICH guidelines. TEM revealed elongated particles while DSC and XRD indicated partial amorphization. Significantly higher cytotoxicity of BeTNS-15 (IC50 38.44 µg/ml) compared to betulin (BetS) (IC50 69.54 µg/ml) in the resistant triple negative human breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-231, was attributed to high intracellular uptake confirmed by HPLC and Imaging Flow cytometry (IFC). IFC confirmed superior anti-cancer efficacy of BeTNS-15 mediated by mitochondrial membrane disruption and inhibition of the G0/G1 phase. BeTNS-15 also exhibited significantly greater anti-angiogenic efficacy (p < 0.05) in the zebrafish model confirming superior efficacy. Simplicity of the innovative in situ approach coupled with superior efficacy proposes BeTNS as an innovative and highly promising anticancer formulation.
- ArticleShen Y, Ma J, Fan Q, Gao D, Yao H.Carbohydr Polym. 2023 Mar 15;304:120511.The development of sustainable and eco-friendly leather industry requires green tanning agents because of unbounded chromium (easily converted into hazardous Cr-VI) in chrome tanned leather. In this study, a chrome-free tanning agent (OS-LDHs) was established by integrating layered double hydroxide (magnesium aluminum zirconium hydrotalcite, LDHs) with starch derivatives. A series of oxidized starch (OS) were prepared as masking agents for LDHs tanning process. Among them, the weight-average molecular weight (Mw) of 1685 g/mol could be reached, which will promise the well-distribution of OS. The SEM and EDS analysis confirmed the uniform penetration of OS-LDHs, avoiding accumulation on the surface of crust leather. Notably, leather tanned by OS-LDHs achieved shrinkage temperature of 66.7 °C, porosity of 75.51 % and tear strength of 66.7 N/mm. Not only the hydrogen bond but also the coordination between NH2, COOH in collagen and OS-2-LDHs improved the thermal stability of leather without destroying the collagen triple helix.
- ArticleDaramola SO, Demlie M, Hingston EDC.J Environ Manage. 2024 Mar;355:120511.Lateritic soils are prevalent in the tropical regions, and they are used for various construction purposes including landfill liner applications. However, their contaminant attenuation potentials through sorption and the influence of parent rocks on this property are poorly understood. This study investigates lateritic soils from southwestern Nigeria as barrier to leachate migration in engineered landfills and related waste containment facilities. The lateritic soils were investigated through X-ray diffraction (XRD), geochemical analysis and batch equilibrium sorption test to evaluate the competitive sorption of Mn, Cd, Pb, Cu and Cr which are common in landfill leachates. The XRD analysis shows that the kaolinite and dickite are the dominant clay minerals present in the lateritic soils, implying low desiccation cracking and low shrink-swell behaviour. The geochemical analysis indicate that the lateritic soils are silico-alumino-feruginuous with average major oxide composition of SiO2, Al2O3and Fe2O3 of 50.86 wt%, 29.83 wt% and 14.29 wt%), respectively. Additional oxides with lower abundance include TiO2 (1.55 wt%), Na2O (0.01 wt%), MgO (0.36 wt%), CaO (0.15 wt%) and K2O (1.52 wt%). The lateritic soils contain trace amount of heavy metals with average concentrations of Cd (0.039 ppm), Pb (0.548 ppm), Cr (0.189 ppm), Cu (0.964 ppm), Mn (0.145 ppm). Furthermore, the low abundance of sodium oxide in the lateritic soils indicates that the soil particles are not susceptible to dispersion while the presence of considerable amount of iron and manganese oxides signify its good heavy metal retention. The batch equilibrium sorption analysis shows that the lateritic soils derived from granite-gneiss and charnockite exhibit better sorption potential than those derived from schist and quartzite. This high sorption capacity is intricately related to the presence of goethite in the soils. The sorption of these trace metals onto the lateritic soils follows Langmuir type isotherm and these isotherms deviate from the corresponding desorption isotherms to different degrees indicating various extents of hysteresis. The sorption hysteresis indices for these trace metals range from 0.63 to 0.99 and imply that the trace metals may re-leached to the surrounding soils and groundwater. Thus, it is recommended that landfill liners utilizing these lateritic soils are design as a composite containment facility by integrating compacted soil liners, leachate collection systems and monitoring networks to ensure effective environmental protection.
- ArticleLiao X, Lim YJ, Khayet M, Liao Y, Yao L, Zhao Y, Razaqpur AG.Water Res. 2023 Oct 01;244:120511.Membrane distillation (MD) is a thermally driven separation process that is driven by phase change. The core of this technology is the hydrophobic microporous membrane that prevents mass transfer of the liquid while allowing the vapor phase to pass through the membrane's pores. Currently, MD is challenged by its high energy consumption and membrane degradation due to fouling, scaling and wetting. The use of electrically conductive membranes (ECMs) is a promising alternative method to overcome these challenges by inducing localized Joule heating, as well as mitigating and monitoring membrane fouling/scaling/wetting. The objective of this review is to consolidate recent advances in ECMs from the standpoint of conductive materials, membrane fabrication methodologies, and applications in MD processes. First, the mechanisms of ECMs-based MD processes are reviewed. Then the current trends in conductive materials and membrane fabrication methods are discussed. Thereafter, a comprehensive review of ECMs in MD applications is presented in terms of the different processes using Joule heating and various works related to membrane fouling, scaling, and wetting control and monitoring. Key insights in terms of energy consumption, economic viability and scalability are furnished to provide readers with a holistic perspective of the ECMs potential to achieve better performances and higher efficiencies in MD. Finally, we illustrate our perspectives on the innovative methods to address current challenges and provide insights for advancing new ECMs designs. Overall, this review sums up the current status of ECMs, looking at the wide range of conductive materials and array of fabrication methods used thus far, and putting into perspective strategies to deliver a more competitive ECMs-based MD process in water treatment.
- ArticleDiana L, Regazzoni R, Sozzi M, Piconi S, Borghesi L, Lazzaroni E, Basilico P, Aliprandi A, Bolognini N, Bonardi DR, Colombo D, Salmaggi A.J Neurol Sci. 2023 01 15;444:120511.BACKGROUND: SARS-COV-2 infection has been associated to long-lasting neuropsychiatric sequelae, including cognitive deficits, that persist after one year. However, longitudinal monitoring has been scarcely performed. Here, in a sample of COVID-19 patients, we monitor cognitive, psychological and quality of life-related profiles up to 22 months from resolution of respiratory disease.
METHODS: Out of 657 COVID-19 patients screened at Manzoni Hospital (Lecco, Italy), 22 underwent neuropsychological testing because of subjective cognitive disturbances at 6 months, 16 months, and 22 months. Tests of memory, attention, and executive functions were administered, along with questionnaires for depressive and Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms, psychological well-being and quality of life. Cross-sectional descriptives, correlational, as well as longitudinal analyses considering COVID19-severity were carried out. A preliminary comparison with a sample of obstructive sleep apneas patients was also performed.
RESULTS: Around 50% of COVID-19 patients presented with cognitive deficits at t0. The most affected domain was verbal memory. Pathological scores diminished over time, but a high rate of borderline scores was still observable. Longitudinal analyses highlighted improvements in verbal and non-verbal long term memory, as well as attention, and executive functioning. Depression and PTSD-related symptoms were present in 30% of patients. The latter decreased over time and were associated to attentional-executive performance.
CONCLUSIONS: Cognitive dysfunctions in COVID-19 patients may extend over 1 year, yet showing a significant recovery in several cases. Cognitive alterations are accompanied by a significant psychological distress. Many patients displaying borderline scores, especially those at higher risk of dementia, deserve clinical monitoring. - ArticleEnviron Res. 2025 Feb 01;266:120511.
- ArticleDeng L, Chen J, Zhong XR, Luo T, Wang YP, Huang HF, Yin LJ, Qiu Y, Bu H, Lv Q, Zheng H.PLoS One. 2015;10(3):e0120511.BACKGROUND: Abnormal activation of PI3K/AKT/mTOR (PAM) pathway, caused by PIK3CA mutation, KRAS mutation, PTEN loss, or AKT1 mutation, is one of the most frequent signaling abnormalities in breast carcinoma. However, distribution and frequencies of mutations in PAM pathway are unclear in breast cancer patients from the mainland of China and the correlation between these mutations and breast cancer outcome remains to be identified.
METHODS: A total of 288 patients with invasive ductal breast cancer were recruited in this study. Mutations in PIK3CA (exons 4, 9 and 20), KRAS (exon 2) and AKT1 (exon 3) were detected using Sanger sequencing. PTEN loss was measured by immunohistochemistry assay. Correlations between these genetic aberrations and clinicopathological features were analyzed.
RESULTS: The frequencies of PIK3CA mutation, KRAS mutation, AKT1 mutation and PTEN loss were 15.6%, 1.8%, 4.4% and 35.3%, respectively. However, except for PTEN loss, which was tied to estrogen receptor (ER) status, these alterations were not associated with other clinicopathological features. Survival analysis demonstrated that PIK3CA mutation, PTEN loss and PAM pathway activation were not associated with disease-free survival (DFS). Subgroup analysis of patients with ER positive tumors revealed that PIK3CA mutation more strongly reduced DFS compared to wild-type PIK3CA (76.2% vs. 54.2%; P = 0.011). PIK3CA mutation was also an independent factor for bad prognosis in ER positive patients.
CONCLUSIONS: AKT1, KRAS and PIK3CA mutations and PTEN loss all exist in women with breast cancer in the mainland China. PIK3CA mutation may contribute to the poor outcome of ER positive breast carcinomas, providing evidence for the combination of PI3K/AKT/mTOR inhibitors and endocrine therapy. - ArticleDreyer A, Minkos A.Environ Pollut. 2023 Jan 01;316(Pt 1):120511.PCDD/Fs (17 congeners and Σ tetra -to octachloro homologues) and 209 PCBs were investigated in monthly samples of ambient air (gas + particle phase) and atmospheric deposition at two background monitoring sites in Germany in 2018/19. In atmospheric deposition samples, PCDD/F congeners as well as certain PCBs were frequently below the method quantification limits whereas values for PCDD/F homologue groups could be quantified more often. Annual deposition averages for individual PCDD/Fs were between <0.1 μg/m2d and 6.7 μg/m2d. Averages for Σ TeCDD/F to OCDD/F homologue totals in deposition were about 11 pg/m2d and 19 pg/m2d. Total PCB deposition rates were about 1900 pg/m2d and 1550 pg/m2d. PCDD/F + PCB-deposition rates were below 1 pg WHO2005-TEQ/m2d on average. In ambient air, both substance groups were frequently observed. Annual concentration averages for individual PCDD/F were between 0.1 fg/m³ and 50 fg/m³. Average values for Σ TeCDD/F to OCDD/F homologue totals in ambient air were 283 fg/m³ and 162 fg/m³. Total PCB concentrations were about 50 pg/m³ at both sites. PCDD/F + PCB-TEQ values were lower than 5 fg WHO2005-TEQ/m³ on average. Besides the frequently studied dioxin-like PCBs and six indicator PCBs, the analysis of the 209 PCBs (166 separated PCB-peaks) enabled the identification and evaluation of additional PCBs that might be of environmental concern. Of 166 PCBs or PCB-coelutions, up to 144 were quantified in air samples and up to 94 in atmospheric deposition samples. In ambient air, some of these PCBs were observed at levels similar to or exceeding those of the six indicator PCBs. Important additional PCBs in ambient air were PCB 5 + 8, PCB 11, PCB 17, PCB 18, PCB 20 + 33, PCB 31, PCB 43 + 49, PCB 44, PCB 47 + 48 + 65 + 75, PCB 93 + 95 + 98 + 102, PCB 139 + 149, and PCB 151. The presence of these PCBs in atmospheric samples implies that by analysing only selected PCBs potentially important contaminants are overlooked.
- ArticleZhang B, Liu S, Liu F, Zhang X, Xu Y, Luo J, Shan B, Bai J.J Biomed Opt. 2011 Dec;16(12):120511.Simultaneous positron emission tomography (PET) and fluorescence tomography (FT) for in vivo imaging of small animals is proposed by a dual-modality system. This system combines a charge-coupled device-based near-infrared fluorescence imaging with a planar detector pair-based PET. With [(18)F]-2-fluoro-2-deoxy-d-glucose radioactive tracer and the protease activated fluorescence probe, on the one hand, the simultaneous metabolic activity and protease activity in tumor region are revealed by the PET and FT, respectively. On the other hand, the protease activity both on the surface layer and the deep tissue of the tumor is provided by the fluorescence reflection imaging and FT, respectively.
- ArticleMaruthupandy M, Muneeswaran T, Vennila T, Anand M, Cho WS, Quero F.Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc. 2022 Feb 15;267(Pt 1):120511.Fe3O4 nanospheres (Nsps) and chitosan (Cts)/Fe3O4 Nsps were prepared using a one-pot hydrothermal method and subsequently used as photocatalysts against the degradation of Congo red (CR) dye molecules. The sphere-shaped Fe3O4 nanoparticles were heterogeneously decorated by the Cts matrix, which was confirmed by powder X-ray diffraction, scanning and transmission electron microscopies. The Cts/Fe3O4 Nsps demonstrated 98% efficient photocatalytic activity against CR dye molecules upon 60 min exposure to visible light compared to Fe3O4 Nsps (77% for 60 min). When compared to Fe3O4 Nsps, the visible light photocatalytic efficiency of Cts/Fe3O4 Nsps against CR dye molecules was significantly improved.
- Book[by] Guillaume Madelin.Summary: Standard magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a prominent clinical imaging modality used to diagnose and study diseases in vivo. It is principally based on the detection of the nuclei of hydrogen atoms (the proton; symbol 1H) in water molecules in tissues. X-nuclei MRI (also called nonproton MRI) is based on the detection of the nuclei of other atoms (X-nuclei) in the body, such as sodium (23Na), phosphorus (31P), chlorine (35Cl), potassium (39K), deuterium (2H), oxygen (17O), lithium (7Li), and fluorine (19F), that can also be detected using modified software and hardware. X-nuclei MRI can provide fundamental, new metabolic information related to cellular energetic metabolism and ion homeostasis in tissues that cannot be assessed using standard hydrogen MRI. This book is an introduction to the techniques and biomedical applications of X-nuclei MRI.