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- ArticleChirumbolo S, Franzini M, Valdenassi L, Pandolfi S.Biomed Pharmacother. 2023 11;167:115482.
- ArticleKieu HT, Pak HY, Trinh HL, Pang DSC, Khoo E, Law AW.Mar Pollut Bull. 2023 Nov;196:115482.The adoption of Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) remote sensing for the regulatory monitoring of turbidity plumes induced by land reclamation operations remains a difficult task. Compared to UAV remote sensing on ambient turbidity in estuaries and rivers, such monitoring of construction-induced turbidity plumes requires significantly higher spatial resolutions and accuracy as well as wider turbidity ranges with nonlinear reflectance. In this study, a pilot-scale deployment of UAV-based hyperspectral sensing is carried out for this objective, with specific new elements developed to overcome the challenges and minimise the uncertainties involved. In particular, Machine learning (ML) models for the turbidity determination were trained by the large dataset collected to better capture the non-linearity of the relationship between the water leaving reflectance and turbidity level. The models achieve a good accuracy with a R2 score of 0.75 that is deemed acceptable in view of the uncertainties associated with construction and land reclamation work.
- ArticleRoth Y, Hanlon CA, Pell G, Zibman S, Harmelech T, Muir OS, MacMillan C, Prestley T, Purselle DC, Knightly T, Tendler A.Psychiatry Res. 2023 Oct;328:115482.There is growing interest in accelerated rTMS dosing regimens, wherein multiple sessions of rTMS are applied per day. This Phase IV study evaluated the safety, efficacy, and durability of various accelerated Deep TMS protocols used in clinical practice. Data were aggregated from 111 patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) at 4 sites. Patients received one of several accelerated Deep TMS protocols (2x/day, 3x/day, 5x/day, 10x/day). Self-assessment questionnaires (PHQ-9, BDI-II) and clinician-based rating scales (HDRS-21, MADRS) were collected. On average, accelerated TMS led to an 80.2% response and 50.5% remission rate in the first month based on the most rated scale for each patient. There was no significant difference between protocols (Response: 2x/day:89.6%; 3x/day:75%; 5x/day:81%; 10x/day:67.6%). Response occurred after 10 (3x/day), 20 (5x/day), and 31 sessions (10x/day) on average- all of which occur on day 3-4 of treatment. Of patients with longer term follow up, durability was found in 86.7% (n = 30; 60 days) and 92.9% (n = 14; 180 days). The protocols were well-tolerated with no reported serious adverse events. Accelerated Deep TMS protocols are found to be safe, effective therapeutic options for MDD. They offer treatment resistant patients a treatment option with a rapid onset of action and with long durability.
- ArticleCui Y, Meng JQ, Chen YH, Shao FF, Chen XZ, Jin Y, Zhang MX, Yun-Qian G, Luo FL, Yu FH.Environ Res. 2023 04 15;223:115482.The modification of dissolved organic matter (DOM) degradation by plant carbon inputs represents a critical biogeochemical process that controls carbon dynamics. However, the priming effects (PEs) different plant tissues induce on the degradation of DOM pools with different stabilities remain unknown. In this study, PEs, induced by different tissue leachates of Phragmites australis, were evaluated via changes in DOM components and properties of both fresh and tidal water (with different stabilities). The results showed that DOM derived from different plant tissue leachates differed in composition and bioavailability. Inputs of tissue leachates induced PEs with different intensities and directions (negative or positive) on DOM degradation of fresh and tidal water. In fresh water, the PEs of leaf and root leachates were significantly higher than those of stem and rhizome leachates. The PE direction changed for DOM degradation between fresh and tidal water. The addition of leaf and root leachates tended to induce positive PEs on DOM degradation of fresh water, while resulting in negative PEs on DOM degradation of tidal water. Negative PEs for tidal water DOM may be due to preferential utilization of microbes, high salinity, and/or the promotion of exogenous DOM production from plant tissues. The results indicate that intensity and direction of PEs induced by plant leachates depend on both leachate type and water stability. The findings highlight the necessity to examine the nature of exogenous and native DOM when interpreting the interactive processes that regulate DOM degradation.
- ArticleWang X, Jiang H, Zhang N, Cai C, Li G, Hao J, Yu G.Carbohydr Polym. 2020 Feb 01;229:115482.The aim of the present study was to investigate whether agaropectin-derived oligosaccharides from Gloiopeltis furcata (SAOs) exert an anti-diabetic effect in sodium palmitate (PA)-induced insulin resistant HepG2 cells. We found that SAOs were co-localized with mitochondria and regulated mitochondrial function. SAOs reduced respiratory chain activities, which led to reduced respiratory oxygen consumption and increased the cellular ADP/ATP ratio in a certain degree of dose-dependent manner. Thus, SAOs alleviated the oxidative stress state in PA-treated cells and, moreover, concurrently regulated the ROS-JNK-IRS-1 pathway. As a result, SAOs enhanced insulin sensitivity and glucose metabolism by activating the IRS-1-AKT-GSK-3β-GS pathway. Additionally, SAOs activated AMPK through both PKA-LKB1 and mitochondrial-regulated energy metabolism pathways. Therefore, SAOs decreased accumulation of lipids and improved lipid metabolism via regulating HMGCR, ACC and SREBP-1 proteins in HepG2 cells. Taken together, we conclude that SAOs could significantly ameliorate diabetic states in vitro via regulating mitochondria and their downstream signaling pathways.
- ArticleRapid high-resolution size distribution protocol for adeno-associated virus using high speed SV-AUC.Berkowitz SA, Larson N, Bou-Assaf G, Laue T.Anal Biochem. 2024 Jun;689:115482.Simulated SV-AUC data for an adeno-associated virus (AAV) sample consisting of four components having closely spaced sedimentation coefficients were used to develop a high-speed protocol that optimized the size distribution analysis resolution. The resulting high speed (45K rpm) SV-AUC (hs-SV-AUC) protocol poses several experimental challenges: 1) the need for rapid data acquisition, 2) increased potential for optical artifacts from steep and fast moving boundaries and 3) the increased potential for convection. To overcome these challenges the protocol uses interference detection at low temperatures and data that are confined to a limited radial-time window. In addition to providing higher resolution AAV SV-AUC data and very short run times (<20 min after temperature equilibration), the need to match the sample and reference solvent composition and meniscus positions is relaxed making interference detection as simple to employ as absorbance detection. Finally, experimental data comparing hs-SV-AUC (at 45K rpm) with standard low-speed (15K rpm) SV-AUC on the same AAV sample demonstrate the size distribution resolution improvement. These experiments also validate the use of a radial-time window and show how quickly data can be acquired using the hs-SV-AUC protocol.
- ArticleCao Y, Tao Z, Tian Y, Chen KE, Zhang L, Ren J, Xiao H, Zhang Q, Liu W, Cao C.Biosens Bioelectron. 2023 Oct 01;237:115482.Desalting of biosamples is crucial for analytical techniques intolerant to abundant salts. However, there is no simple tool to monitor the desalting of low-volume biosamples so far. Here we developed a handheld capacitively coupled contactless conductivity detector (hC4D) as a miniaturized device to measure the conductivity of 75 μL biosamples. Polyether-ether-ketone (PEEK) tubing was selected as the sample reservoir for sample loading via a pipette. Another pipetting of air pushed the sample solution out of the tubing to recollect the sample. Owing to the low sample consumption and easy sample recollection, hC4D is advantageous for testing expensive biosamples, such as viruses and cells. In addition, the whole process of sample injection, conductivity measurement, recollection, and calibration of conductivity can be completed within 1 min. To verify the feasibility of hC4D, we monitored the desalting progress of gel filtration (GF) of 200 μL blood samples, ultrafiltration (UF) of 300 μL virus samples, and dialysis of 7 mL cell samples. Three rounds of GF and UF completely removed the salts but led to poor sample recovery. In contrast, low concentrations of residual salts remained and better recovery was achieved after two rounds of GF and UF. We further utilized the hC4D to monitor the dialysis and tuned the salt concentration in the cell sample, such that we maintained the viability of cells in a low conductivity environment. These results indicated that hC4D is a promising tool for optimizing the desalting procedure of low-volume biosamples.
- ArticleSheel R, Kumari P, Panda PK, Jawed Ansari MD, Patel P, Singh S, Kumari B, Sarkar B, Mallick MA, Verma SK.Environ Pollut. 2020 Dec;267:115482.Extensive use of magnetic iron oxide (magnetite) nanoparticles (IONP) has raised concerns about their biocompatibility. It has also stimulated the search for its green synthesis with greater biocompatibility. Addressing the issue, this study investigates the molecular nanotoxicity of IONP with embryonic and adult zebrafish, and reveal novel green fabrication of iron oxide nanoparticles (P-IONP) using medicinal plant extract of Phyllanthus niruri. The synthesized P-IONP was having a size of 42 ± 08 nm and a zeta potential of -38 ± 06 mV with hydrodynamic diameter of 109 ± 09 nm and 90emu/g magnetic saturation value. High antibacterial efficacy of P-IONP was found against E.coli. Comparative in vivo biocompatibility assessment with zebrafish confirmed higher biocompatibility of P-IONP compared to commercial C-IONP in the relevance of mortality rate, hatching rate, heart rate, and morphological abnormalities. LC50 of P-IONP and C-IONP was 202 μg/ml and 126 μg/ml, respectively. Molecular nano-biocompatibility analysis revealed the phenomenon as an effect of induced apoptosis lead by dysregulation of induced oxidative stress due to structural and functional influence of IONP to Sod1 and Tp53 proteins through intrinsic atomic interaction.
- ArticleEckert M, Gaigher R, Pryke JS, Samways MJ.J Environ Manage. 2022 Sep 01;317:115482.Humanity relies on soil fauna for important ecosystem services, as such our soils need sustainable management to ensure long-term biotic viability. However, environmental factors influencing the distribution and diversity of soil fauna are poorly understood, which limits effective conservation management. To address this issue, we assessed the influence of variables at different spatial scales (site, soil, and landscape) in different biotopes (natural forest patches and grasslands) in two contrasting geographical regions (inland Midlands and coastal Zululand, South Africa) on ant and springtail diversity in large-scale conservation corridors among commercial plantations. Midlands sites, with complex topography and nutrient-rich and deep soils, had higher soil arthropod diversity than sandy, shallow Zululand soils. Indigenous forest and grassland supported complementary arthropod assemblages. The responses of arthropod diversity and assemblage composition to local environmental variables varied greatly among biotopes, taxa, and regions, but responses were more pronounced in the Midlands than in Zululand, and arthropods were more responsive to site- and soil-related variables than to landscape variables. Lower soil biodiversity in Zululand compared to the Midlands emphasizes that management efforts to limit further homogenization from inappropriate management is particularly important in this sandy region. Lack of common drivers of soil arthropod diversity suggests that conservation strategies need to be tailored to different locations. Nonetheless, the conservation of both indigenous forest and grassland, together with promotion of small-scale spatial heterogeneity, will maximally benefit the widest range of soil-inhabiting organisms.
- ArticleChen H, Zheng D, Ambadapadi S, Davids J, Ryden S, Samy H, Bartee M, Sobel E, Dai E, Liu L, Macaulay C, Yachnis A, Weyand C, Thoburn R, Lucas A.PLoS One. 2015;10(2):e0115482.Giant cell arteritis (GCA) and Takayasu's disease are inflammatory vasculitic syndromes (IVS) causing sudden blindness and widespread arterial obstruction and aneurysm formation. Glucocorticoids and aspirin are mainstays of treatment, predominantly targeting T cells. Serp-1, a Myxomavirus-derived serpin, blocks macrophage and T cells in a wide range of animal models. Serp-1 also reduced markers of myocardial injury in a Phase IIa clinical trial for unstable coronary disease. In recent work, we detected improved survival and decreased arterial inflammation in a mouse Herpesvirus model of IVS. Here we examine Serp-1 treatment of human temporal artery (TA) biopsies from patients with suspected TA GCA arteritis after implant (TAI) into the aorta of immunodeficient SCID (severe combined immunodeficiency) mice. TAI positive for arteritis (GCApos) had significantly increased inflammation and plaque when compared to negative TAI (GCAneg). Serp-1 significantly reduced intimal inflammation and CD11b+ cell infiltrates in TAI, with reduced splenocyte Th1, Th17, and Treg. Splenocytes from mice with GCApos grafts had increased gene expression for interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), IL-17, and CD25 and decreased Factor II. Serp-1 decreased IL-1β expression. In conclusion, GCApos TAI xenografts in mice provide a viable disease model and have increased intimal inflammation as expected and Serp-1 significantly reduces vascular inflammatory lesions with reduced IL-1β.
- ArticleWang K, Wu D, Ren X, Yu Q, Liu R, Huang S, Pan Y, Zhao S.Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 2021 04 15;417:115482.Incomplete polymerization or biodegradation of dental resin materials results in the release of resin monomers such as triethylene glycol dimethacrylate (TEGDMA), causing severe injury of dental pulp cells. To date, there has been no efficient treatment option for this complication, in part due to the lack of understanding of the mechanism underlying these phenomena. Here, for the first time, we found that notoginsenoside R1 (NR1), a bioactive ingredient extracted from Panax notoginseng, exerted an obvious protective effect on TEGDMA-induced mitochondrial apoptosis in the preodontoblast mDPC6T cell line. In terms of the mechanism of action, NR1 enhanced the level of phosphorylated Akt (protein kinase B), resulting in the activation of a transcriptional factor, nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), and eventually upregulating cellular ability to resist TEGDMA-related toxicity. Inhibiting the Akt/Nrf2 pathway by pharmaceutical inhibitors significantly decreased NR1-mediated cellular antioxidant properties and aggravated mitochondrial oxidative damage in TEGDMA-treated cells. Interestingly, NR1 also promoted mitophagy, which was identified as the potential downstream of the Akt/Nrf2 pathway. Blocking the Akt/Nrf2 pathway inhibited mitophagy and abolished the protection of NR1 on cells exposed to TEGDMA. In conclusion, these findings reveal that the activation of Akt/Nrf2 pathway-mediated mitophagy by NR1 might be a promising approach for preventing resin monomer-induced dental pulp injury.
- ArticleParker M, Baluku M, Ozunga BE, Okello B, Kermundu P, Akello G, MacGregor H, Leach M, Allen T.Soc Sci Med. 2022 12;314:115482.The UN Security Council's response to Ebola in 2014 legitimised militarised responses. It also influenced responses to COVID-19 in some African countries. Yet, little is known about the day-to-day impacts for ordinary citizens of mobilising armies for epidemic control. Drawing on 18 months ethnographic research, this article analyses militarised responses to COVID-19 during, and following, two lockdowns at contrasting sites in Uganda: a small town in Pakwach district and a village in Kasese district. Both field sites lie close to the border of the Democratic Republic of Congo. Although the practice of health security varied between sites, the militarised response had more impact than the disease in these two places. The armed forces scaled back movement from urban conurbations to rural and peri-urban areas; while simultaneously enabling locally based official public authorities to use the proclaimed priorities of President Museveni's government to enhance their position and power. This led to a situation whereby inhabitants created new modes of mutuality to resist or subvert the regulations being enforced, including the establishment of new forms of cross-border movement. These findings problematise the widely held view that Uganda's response to COVID-19 was successful. Overall, it is argued that the on-going securitisation of global health has helped to create the political space to militarise the response. While this has had unknown effects on the prevalence of COVID-19, it has entrenched unaccountable modes of public authority and created a heightened sense of insecurity on the ground. The tendency to condone the violent practice of militarised public health programmes by international and national actors reflects a broader shift in the acceptance of more authoritarian forms of governance.
- ArticleValiatti TB, Santos FF, Nunes PHS, Cayô R, Gales AC, Gomes TAT.Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis. 2021 Nov;101(3):115482.
- ArticleHou J, Yao C, Li Y, Yang L, Chen X, Nie M, Qu H, Ji S, Guo DA.J Pharm Biomed Anal. 2023 Sep 20;234:115482.Identification of the individual herbs that constitute the Chinese medicine prescription (CMP) is a key step to control the quality and ensure the efficacy of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), but also a challenging task for analysts from all over the world. In this study, a MS-feature-based medicinal plant database-driven strategy was proposed for quick and automatic interpretation of CMP ingredients. The single herb database consisting of stable ions of sixty-one common TCM medicinal herbs was first constructed. And then, the data of CMP was imported into a self-built searching program to achieve quick and automatic identification with four steps including level 1 candidate herb screening based on stable ions (step 1), level 2 candidate herb screening based on unique ions (step 2), difficult-to-distinguish herb differentiation (step 3) and results integration (step 4). The identification model was optimized and validated with homemade Shaoyaogancao Decoction, Mahuang Decoction, Banxiaxiexin Decoction, and their related negative prescriptions and homemade fakes. Another nine batches of homemade and commercial CMPs were applied to this new approach and most of composed herbs in the corresponding CMPs were correctly identified. This work provided a promising and universal strategy for the clarification of CMP ingredients.
- ArticleHuang Z, Ito M, Zhang S, Toda T, Takeda JI, Ogi T, Ohno K.Ecotoxicol Environ Saf. 2023 Oct 01;264:115482.The pervasive weak electromagnetic fields (EMF) inundate the industrialized society, but the biological effects of EMF as weak as 10 µT have been scarcely analyzed. Heat shock proteins (HSPs) are molecular chaperones that mediate a sequential stress response. HSP70 and HSP90 provide cells under undesirable situations with either assisting covalent folding of proteins or degrading improperly folded proteins in an ATP-dependent manner. Here we examined the effect of extremely low-frequency (ELF)-EMF on AML12 and HEK293 cells. Although the protein expression levels of HSP70 and HSP90 were reduced after an exposure to ELF-EMF for 3 h, acetylations of HSP70 and HSP90 were increased, which was followed by an enhanced binding affinities of HSP70 and HSP90 for HSP70/HSP90-organizing protein (HOP/STIP1). After 3 h exposure to ELF-EMF, the amount of mitochondria was reduced but the ATP level and the maximal mitochondrial oxygen consumption were increased, which was followed by the reduced protein aggregates and the increased cell viability. Thus, ELF-EMF exposure for 3 h activated acetylation of HSPs to enhance protein folding, which was returned to the basal level at 12 h. The proteostatic effects of ELF-EMF will be able to be applied to treat pathological states in humans.
- Bookeditors, Yvonne A. Maldonado, Victor Nizet ; associate editors, Elizabeth D. Barnett, Kathryn M. Edwards, Richard Malley ; consulting editors, Jack S. Remington, Jerome O. Klein.Summary: "A must-have reference for all clinicians who need comprehensive, in-depth advice and recommendations in this complex field, Remington and Klein's Infectious Diseases of the Fetus and Newborn Infant, 9th Edition, provides expert coverage from the world's leading authorities in immunology and infectious diseases. It offers the most up-to-date and complete guidance on infections found in utero, during delivery, and in the neonatal period in both premature and term infants--indispensable information for all clinicians who are involved in the care and well-being of these vulnerable patient populations. Three new associate editors and many new contributing authors bring new insight and a fresh perspective throughout the text"-- Elsevier
Contents:
General information
Bacterial infections
Viral infections
Protozoan, helminth, and fungal infections
Diagnosis and management.Digital Access ClinicalKey [2024]