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- ArticleMcCusker MC, Wiesman AI, Spooner RK, Santamaria PM, McKune J, Heinrichs-Graham E, Wilson TW.Neuroimage Clin. 2021;32:102892.The sequelae of Parkinson's disease (PD) includes both motor- and cognitive-related symptoms. Although traditionally considered a subcortical disease, there is increasing evidence that PD has a major impact on cortical function as well. Prior studies have reported alterations in cortical neural function in patients with PD during movement, but to date such studies have not examined whether the complexity of multicomponent movements modulate these alterations. In this study, 23 patients with PD (medication "off" state) and 27 matched healthy controls performed simple and complex finger tapping sequences during magnetoencephalography (MEG), and the resulting MEG data were imaged to identify the cortical oscillatory dynamics serving motor performance. The patients with PD were significantly slower than controls at executing the sequences overall, and both groups took longer to complete the complex sequences than the simple. In terms of neural differences, patients also exhibited weaker beta complexity-related effects in the right medial frontal gyrus and weaker complexity-related alpha activity in the right posterior and inferior parietal lobules, suggesting impaired motor sequence execution. Characterizing the cortical pathophysiology of PD could inform current and future therapeutic interventions that address both motor and cognitive symptoms.
- ArticleTao H, Dar HY, Tian C, Banerjee S, Glazer ES, Srinivasan S, Zhu L, Pacifici R, He P.Redox Biol. 2023 11;67:102892.Males show higher incidence and severity than females in hepatic injury and many liver diseases, but the mechanisms are not well understood. Ferroptosis, an iron-mediated lipid peroxidation-dependent death, plays an important role in the pathogenesis of liver diseases. We determined whether hepatocyte ferroptosis displays gender difference, accounting for sexual dimorphism in liver diseases. Compared to female hepatocytes, male hepatocytes were much more vulnerable to ferroptosis by iron and pharmacological inducers including RSL3 and iFSP1. Male but not female hepatocytes exhibited significant increases in mitochondrial Fe2+ and mitochondrial ROS (mtROS) contents. Female hepatocytes showed a lower expression of iron importer transferrin receptor 1 (TfR1) and mitochondrial iron importer mitoferrin 1 (Mfrn1), but a higher expression of iron storage protein ferritin heavy chain 1 (FTH1). It is well known that TfR1 expression is positively correlated with ferroptosis. Herein, we showed that silencing FTH1 enhanced while knockdown of Mfrn1 decreased ferroptosis in HepG2 cells. Removing female hormones by ovariectomy (OVX) did not dampen but rather enhanced hepatocyte resistance to ferroptosis. Mechanistically, OVX potentiated the decrease in TfR1 and increase in FTH1 expression. OVX also increased FSP1 expression in ERK-dependent manner. Elevation in FSP1 suppressed mitochondrial Fe2+ accumulation and mtROS production, constituting a novel mechanism of FSP1-mediated inhibition of ferroptosis. In conclusion, differences in hepatocellular iron handling between male and female account, at least in part, for sexual dimorphism in induced ferroptosis of the hepatocytes.
- ArticleIñiguez-Moreno M, Santiesteban-Romero B, Melchor-Martínez EM, Parra-Saldívar R, González-González RB.MethodsX. 2024 Dec;13:102892.Waste from the fishing industry is disposed of in soils and oceans, causing environmental damage. However, it is also a source of valuable compounds such as chitin. Although chitin is the second most abundant polymer in nature, its use in industry is limited due to the lack of standardized and scalable extraction methods and its poor solubility. The deacetylation process increases its potential applications by enabling the recovery of chitosan, which is soluble in dilute acidic solutions. Chitosan is a polymer of great importance due to its biocompatible and bioactive properties, which include antimicrobial and antioxidant capabilities. Chitin extraction and its deacetylation to obtain chitosan are typically performed using chemical processes that involve large amounts of strongly acidic and alkaline solutions. To reduce the environmental impact of this process, extraction methods based on biotechnological tools, such as fermentation and chitin deacetylase, as well as emerging technologies, have been proposed. These extraction methods have demonstrated the potential to reduce or even avoid using strong solvents and shorten extraction time, thereby reducing costs. Nevertheless, it is important to address existing gaps in this area, such as the requirements for large-scale implementation and the determination of the stoichiometric ratios for each process. This review highlights the use of biotechnological tools and emerging technologies for chitin extraction and chitosan production. These approaches truly minimize environmental impact, reduce the use of strong solvents, and shorten extraction time. They are a reliable alternative to fishery waste valorization, lowering costs; however, addressing the critical gaps for their large-scale implementation remains challenging.
- ArticleWang J, Xu J, Yang P.J Autoimmun. 2022 10;132:102892.Patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) frequently suffer from nervous system complications, termed neuropsychiatric lupus erythematosus (NPLE). NPLE accounts for the poor prognosis of SLE. Correct attribution of NP events to SLE is the primary principle in managing NPLE. The vascular injuries and neuroinflammation are the fundamental neuropathologic changes in NPLE. Specific autoantibody-mediated central nerve system (CNS) damages distinguish NPLE from other CNS disorders. Though the central antibodies in NPLE are generally thought to be raised from the periphery immune system, they may be produced in the meninges and choroid plexus. On this basis, abnormal activation of microglia and disease-associated microglia (DAM) should be the common mechanisms of NPLE and other CNS disturbances. Improved understanding of both characteristic and sharing features of NPLE might yield further options for managing this disease.
- ArticleZahnow R, Kimpton A, Corcoran J, Mielke G.Health Place. 2022 09;77:102892.Understanding and monitoring socio-spatial patterns of population walking mobility can inform urban planning and geographically targeted health promotion strategies aimed at increasing population levels of physical activity. In this study we use aggregated, anonymous mobile phone mobility data to examine the association between neighbourhood physical and social characteristics and residents' weekly walking behaviour across 313 neighbourhoods in a large metropolitan region of Queensland, Australia. We find that residents in neighbourhoods that are highly fragmented by streets with speed limits above 50 kmph, residents in neighbourhoods with high retail density and those living is economically disadvantaged neighbourhoods walk fewer kilometres and minutes on average per week than their counterparts. These findings can inform urban planning policy on the minimum specifications required in newly developing neighbourhoods and provide targets for retro-fitting features into existing neighbourhoods.
- ArticleAksu T, Davila A, Gupta D.Auton Neurosci. 2021 12;236:102892.It is well known that the autonomic nervous system (ANS) is a major contributor in etiopathogenesis of vasovagal syncope (VVS). Catheter based neuromodulation (CNA) of the intrinsic cardiac ANS has evolved rapidly from being an experimental unproven procedure to its current status as an increasingly performed ablation procedure in many major hospitals worldwide. The present review aims to bring the anatomical elements of intrinsic cardiac ANS and clinical application of intrinsic cardiac neuromodulation together, by reviewing anatomical terminologies and clinical data, in order to provide a practical assistance to the electrophysiology community.
- ArticleZhao L, Wu Z, Dai H, Liu Z, Hu X, Zhang T, Zhu D, Liu T.Med Image Anal. 2023 10;89:102892.Learning an effective and compact representation of human brain function from high-dimensional fMRI data is crucial for studying the brain's functional organization. Traditional representation methods such as independent component analysis (ICA) and sparse dictionary learning (SDL) mainly rely on matrix decomposition which represents the brain function as spatial brain networks and the corresponding temporal patterns. The correspondence of those brain networks across individuals are built by viewing them as one-hot vectors and then performing the matching. However, those one-hot vectors do not encode the regularity and/or variability of different brains very well, and thus are limited in effectively representing the functional brain activities across individuals and among different time points. To address this problem, in this paper, we formulate the human brain functional representation as an embedding problem, and propose a novel embedding framework based on the Transformer model to encode the brain function in a compact, stereotyped and comparable latent space where the brain activities are represented as dense embedding vectors. We evaluate the proposed embedding framework on the publicly available Human Connectome Project (HCP) task fMRI dataset. The experiments on brain state prediction task indicate the effectiveness and generalizability of the learned embedding. We also explore the interpretability of the learned embedding from both spatial and temporal perspective. In general, our approach provides novel insights on representing the regularity and variability of human brain function in a general, comparable, and stereotyped latent space.
- ArticleSzigeti K, Ihnatovych I, Birkaya B, Chen Z, Ouf A, Indurthi DC, Bard JE, Kann J, Adams A, Chaves L, Sule N, Reisch JS, Pavlik V, Benedict RHB, Auerbach A, Wilding G.EBioMedicine. 2020 Sep;59:102892.BACKGROUND: Cholinergic neuronal loss is one of the hallmarks of AD related neurodegeneration; however, preclinical promise of α7 nAChR drugs failed to translate into humans. CHRFAM7A, a uniquely human fusion gene, is a negative regulator of α7 nAChR and was unaccounted for in preclinical models.
METHODS: Molecular methods: Function of CHRFAM7A alleles was studied in vitro in two disease relevant phenotypic readouts: electrophysiology and Aβ uptake. Genome edited human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC) were used as a model system with the human context. Double blind pharmacogenetic study: We performed double-blind pharmacogenetic analysis on the effect of AChEI therapy based on CHRFAM7A carrier status in two paradigms: response to drug initiation and DMT effect. Mini Mental Status Examination (MMSE) was used as outcome measure. Change in MMSE score from baseline was compared by 2-tailed T-test. Longitudinal analysis of clinical outcome (MMSE) was performed using a fitted general linear model, based on an assumed autoregressive covariance structure. Model independent variables included age, sex, and medication regimen at the time of the first utilized outcome measure (AChEI alone or AChEI plus memantine), APOE4 carrier status (0, 1 or 2 alleles as categorical variables) and CHRFAM7A genotype.
FINDINGS: The direct and inverted alleles have distinct phenotypes. Functional CHRFAM7A allele classifies the population as 25% non-carriers and 75% carriers. Induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) models α7 nAChR mediated Aβ neurotoxicity. Pharmacological readout translates into both first exposure (p = 0.037) and disease modifying effect (p = 0.0048) in two double blind pharmacogenetic studies.
INTERPRETATION: CHRFAM7A accounts for the translational gap in cholinergic strategies in AD. Clinical trials not accounting for this uniquely human genetic factor may have rejected drug candidates that would benefit 25% of AD. Reanalyses of the completed trials using this pharmacogenetic paradigm may identify effective therapy.
FUNDING: - ArticleAlonzo M, Contreras J, Ye S, Lin H, Hernandez-Rosario L, McBride KL, Texter K, Garg V, Zhao MT.Stem Cell Res. 2022 10;64:102892.Hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS) is a severe congenital heart defect characterized by underdeveloped structures on the left side of the heart, including hypoplasia of the left ventricle and stenosis or atresia of the aortic and mitral valves. Here, we generated an iPSC line from the peripheral blood mononuclear cells of a male patient with HLHS through Sendai virus-mediated transfection of 4 Yamanaka factors. This iPSC line exhibited normal morphology, expressed pluripotency markers, had a normal karyotype, and could differentiate into cells of three germ layers. This iPSC line can be used for studying cellular and developmental etiologies of HLHS.
- ArticleTachibana M, Baba M, Iriko H, Shinzawa N, Torii M, Ishino T.Parasitol Int. 2024 Aug;101:102892.Reducing Plasmodium parasite transmission via the mosquito vector is a promising strategy for malaria control and elimination in endemic regions. In the mosquito midgut after the ingestion of an infected blood meal, malaria parasite gametes egress from erythrocytes and fertilize to develop into motile ookinetes that traverse midgut epithelial cells and transform into oocysts adjacent the basal lamina. Plasmodium ookinetes and young oocysts possess a unique organelle called the crystalloid; which has a honeycomb-like matrix structure and is indicated to be involved in sporozoite formation and maturation. In this study, we identified a novel crystalloid protein, PY17X_1113800, that is exclusively expressed in developing ookinetes. The protein possesses a signal peptide sequence, but lacks a transmembrane domain or GPI anchor signal sequence, as well as predicted adhesive domains which are characterisitic of many crystalloid proteins. The protein is highly conserved across the phylum Apicomplexa and within the greater clade Alveolata, such as Vitrella and the ciliates Paramecium and Tetrahymena, but is absent in cryptosporidia.
- ArticleMitra S, Uvais NA.Asian J Psychiatr. 2021 12;66:102892.
- ArticleDianat I, Adeli P, Asgari Jafarabadi M, Karimi MA.Appl Ergon. 2019 Nov;81:102892.The relationship of Web design attributes (personalisation, structure, navigation, layout, search and performance) and users' personal characteristics to website usability and user satisfaction was investigated among 798 online banking users in Iran. The design and usability of the evaluated websites were not satisfactory from the users' perspectives. Multivariate regression models indicated that Web layout and performance were the main predictors of website usability, while personal characteristics including gender, age and Web usage experience of users had no effect. User satisfaction was also influenced only by the Web design attributes (particularly Web structure) and not by the personal characteristics of the users. There was also a significant relationship between website usability and user satisfaction. The findings suggest that the website designers should focus more on the Web design attributes (particularly Web layout and structure), regardless of the personal characteristics of their users, to improve the usability and user satisfaction of websites.
- ArticleSaint-Martin Willer A, Montani D, Capuano V, Antigny F.Cell Calcium. 2024 Jul;121:102892.Calcium (Ca2+) is a secondary messenger that regulates various cellular processes. However, Ca2+ mishandling could lead to pathological conditions. Orai1 is a Ca2+channel contributing to the store-operated calcium entry (SOCE) and plays a critical role in Ca2+ homeostasis in several cell types. Dysregulation of Orai1 contributed to severe combined immune deficiency syndrome, some cancers, pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), and other cardiorespiratory diseases. During its activation process, Orai1 is mainly regulated by stromal interacting molecule (STIM) proteins, especially STIM1; however, many other regulatory partners have also been recently described. Increasing knowledge about these regulatory partners provides a better view of the downstream signalling pathways of SOCE and offers an excellent opportunity to decipher Orai1 dysregulation in these diseases. These proteins participate in other cellular functions, making them attractive therapeutic targets. This review mainly focuses on Orai1 regulatory partners in the physiological and pathological conditions of the pulmonary circulation and inflammation.
- ArticleAramberri Gutiérrez M, Verdecia Ortiz A, Hernández Arellano C, Mediavilla Arza I, Solís-Mencía CA, Tiso D'Orazio G.Arthrosc Tech. 2024 Mar;13(3):102892.In recent years, there has been a growing interest in primary anterior cruciate ligament repair with the help of mechanical reinforcement techniques that employ synthetic grafting. The concept of ligament augmentation with reinforcement suture or internal bracing consists of stabilizing the repaired ligament and augmenting it with an ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene suture or tape, which guarantees greater resistance, safety during healing, and a more accelerated rehabilitation. In this work, we propose a variant of anterior cruciate ligament augmentation with suture, replacing the suture tape with an adjustable-loop reinforcement system, which is connected to the adjustable suspension devices for the graft in the femur and the tibia, surrounding the graft as a seatbelt.
- ArticleLindbäck Y, Carlfjord S.Musculoskelet Sci Pract. 2024 02;69:102892.BACKGROUND: Continuous exercising after a physiotherapy intervention for low back pain (LBP) is known to be crucial, but sustaining new habits may be challenging.
AIM: To describe patients' pre- and post-surgery experiences after a pre-surgery physiotherapy intervention, and their thoughts about future exercise and self-management.
METHODS: Individual semi-structured interviews at two time-points were analysed with content analysis. Patients randomised to pre-surgery physiotherapy in an RCT evaluating the intervention, who had participated in ≥12 sessions, were invited. Eighteen patients were interviewed 0-8 months after pre-surgery physiotherapy, and sixteen of those completed a second interview 3-14 months later.
RESULTS: Three categories emerged: 1) "Personal experiences from pre-surgery participation", described how participation was perceived as challenging and sometimes stressful, but wellness improved. Cooperation with the physiotherapist was considered crucial and gave confidence. 2) "Attitudes to exercise", described exercise as an action of prevention and rehabilitation that demands motivation. Exercise was perceived to be good for you, physically but also improving mental health and other systems. 3) "Future physical activity - individual responsibility", described the return to former activities and potential challenges for the future. New knowledge was perceived to have changed the prerequisites for exercise and increased security in every-day physical activities.
CONCLUSION: Pre-surgery physiotherapy may enhance self-management through increased confidence, improved knowledge about progression, and awareness about exercise for pain relief, producing a new mindset. Challenges for continuing exercise should be addressed during the intervention. The result can inform supportive strategies for patients to continue with self-management after LBP rehabilitation. - ArticleMartinez D, Singleton JL.Acta Psychol (Amst). 2019 Jul;198:102892.A considerable amount of research has been devoted to understanding individual differences in lexical learning, however, the majority of this research has been conducted with spoken languages rather than signed languages and thus we know very little about the cognitive processes involved in sign learning or the extent to which lexical learning processes are specific to word learning. The present study was conducted to address this gap. Two-hundred thirty-six non-signing adults completed 25 tasks assessing word learning and sign learning (via associative learning paradigms) as well as modality-specific phonological short-term memory, working memory capacity, crystallized intelligence, and fluid intelligence. Latent variable analyses indicated that, when other variables were held constant, fluid intelligence was predictive of both word and sign learning, however, modality-specific phonological short-term memory factors were only predictive of lexical learning within modality-none of the other variables made significant independent contributions. It was further observed that sign and word learning were strongly correlated. Exploratory analyses revealed that all lexical learning tasks loaded onto a general factor, however, sign learning tasks loaded onto an additional specific factor. As such, this study provides insight into the cognitive components that are common to associative L2 lexical learning regardless of language modality and those that are unique to either signed or spoken languages. Results are further discussed in light of established and more recent theories of intelligence, short-term memory, and working memory.
- ArticleBouabdella S, Aouali S, Ragragui H, Zizi N, Dikhaye S.Ann Med Surg (Lond). 2021 Oct;70:102892.INTRODUCTION AND IMPORTANCE: Condyloma are a common and easily diagnosticated condition that could affect the area around and inside the anus. But a nodular perianal lesion is not always a simple condyloma.
CASE PRESENTATION: We report a case of a 61-year-old patient with nodular perianal lesions mimicking condyloma that has revealed an amylosis and a multiple myeloma.
CLINICAL DISCUSSION: The cutaneous manifestations of amyloidosis are diverse. Perianal nodular lesions were indicative of cutaneous amyloidosis in our patient. It is imperative to screen systemic involvement for amyloidosis.
CONCLUSION: Our case report highlights the importance of minitious physical examination because some simple lesions can hide dangerous affections. - ArticleYamamoto S, Ashida S, Nao T, Murakami K, Iga R, Shimamoto T, Fukuhara H, Shimizu N, Fukata S, Kurabayashi A, Karashima T, Inoue K.Urol Case Rep. 2025 Jan;58:102892.Primary bladder mucinous adenocarcinoma is a rare genitourinary cancer. Here, we present the case of a 75-year-old woman where pathological and imaging findings led to the diagnosis of primary bladder mucinous adenocarcinoma. She underwent treatment with paclitaxel-ifosfamide-cisplatin (TIP). After two cycles of TIP therapy, FoundationOne CDx, a comprehensive genomic profiling test, was performed, revealing variants in ATM, SMAD4, BRD4, and NOTCH3. These genomic profiling test results may lead to the development of novel therapeutic agents for primary bladder mucinous adenocarcinoma.
- ArticleLiu C, Chen X, Wu S.Complement Ther Med. 2022 Dec;71:102892.BACKGROUND: Findings on the usefulness of massage therapy (MT) in postoperative pain management are often inconsistent among studies.
OBJECTIVES: This study's aim is to conduct a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCT) to clarify the effects of massage therapy in the treatment of postoperative pain.
METHODS: Three databases (PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials) were searched for RCTs published from database inception through January 26, 2021. The primary outcome was pain relief. The quality of RCTs was appraised with the Cochrane Collaboration risk of bias tool. The random-effect model was used to calculate the effect sizes and standardized mean difference (SMD) with 95 % confidential intervals (CIs) as a summary effect. The heterogeneity test was conducted through I2. Subgroup and sensitivity analyses were used to explore the source of heterogeneity. Possible publication bias was assessed using visual inspection of funnel plot asymmetry.
RESULTS: The analysis included 33 RCTs and showed that MT is effective in reducing postoperative pain (SMD, -1.32; 95 % CI, -2.01 to -0.63; p = 0.0002; I2 = 98.67 %). A similar significant effect was found for both short (immediate assessment) and long terms (assessment performed 4-6 weeks after the MT). Remarkably, we found neither the duration per session nor the dose had an impact on the effect of MT and there seemed to be no difference in the effects of different MT types. In addition, MT seemed to be more effective for adults. Furthermore, MT had better analgesic effects on cesarean section and heart surgery than orthopedic surgery.
LIMITATIONS: Publication bias is possible due to the inclusion of studies in English only. Additionally, the included studies were extremely heterogeneous. Double-blind research on MT is difficult to implement, and none of the included studies is double-blind. There was some heterogeneity and publication bias in the included studies. In addition, there is no uniform evaluation standard for the operation level of massage practitioners, which may lead to research implementation bias.
CONCLUSIONS: MT is effective in reducing postoperative pain in both short and long terms. - ArticleNagata JM, Helmer CK, Wong JH, Domingue SK, Shim JE, Al-Shoaibi AAA.Prev Med Rep. 2024 Nov;47:102892.Objectives: To evaluate the prevalence of weight discrimination (the perception of being treated unfairly based on weight) and its sociodemographic associations among early adolescents aged 10 to 13 in the United States.
Methods: We analyzed cross-sectional data from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study in Year Two (2018-2020). Multivariable logistic regression analyses were conducted, with perceived weight discrimination as the dependent variable and age, sex, sexual orientation, race and ethnicity, body mass index (BMI) category, household income, and highest parental education level as adjusted independent variables. Interaction with BMI category and weight discrimination by sex, sexual orientation, race and ethnicity, and household income was tested for.
Results: In our analytical sample (N = 7129), we found that 5.46 % of early adolescents reported experiencing weight discrimination. Adolescents with BMI percentile ≥95th (adjusted odds ratio [AOR], 6.41; 95 % confidence interval [CI], 4.71-8.70), <5th (AOR, 3.85; 95 % CI, 2.10-7.07), and ≥85th to <95th (AOR, 2.22; 95 % CI, 1.51-3.25) had higher odds of experiencing weight discrimination compared to adolescents with BMI percentile 5th to <85th. Sex and race and ethnicity modified the relationship between BMI category and weight discrimination. Adolescents who identified as gay/bisexual (AOR, 3.46; 95 % CI, 2.19-5.45) had higher odds of experiencing weight discrimination compared with heterosexual adolescents.
Conclusions: Our results underscore the need for anti-bullying campaigns and positive media representation of all body types. Clinicians should recognize that sexual minority youth disproportionately experience weight discrimination, emphasizing the need for affirmative healthcare and early intervention to prevent the mental health impacts of such discrimination.