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  • Article
    T G P, Athul A, D H, Thasneem S, I N, Benedict C, Vijayarangan A, Balachandran A, Muthukali S.
    Cureus. 2024 Jun;16(6):e63423.
    Background The new classification system for periodontal and peri-implant diseases mentioned a few key points, including (1) "clinical gingival health," which was defined for the first time, and (2) staging and grading system. Thus, the present study defines the practicability of using the current classification system in day-to-day practice. Aim The primary aim of this study is to determine the effectiveness of the new classification system for periodontal and peri-implant diseases and its application in routine dental practices. Materials and methods This is a cross-sectional retrospective, non-interventional study consisting of 4,993 patients who were under active periodontal therapy as well as supportive periodontal therapy. Results Among patients diagnosed with dental biofilm-induced gingivitis with no underlying risk factors, 1105 (73.3%) exhibited bleeding on probing and 897 (45%) showed supragingival or subgingival calculus. Among the stage II grade B periodontitis group, 488 (28.9%) showed beginning destructive periodontal disease and 197 (50.4%) showed established destructive periodontal disease. Conclusion The implementation of the new classification system in routine dental practice has been readily accepted by clinicians. Staging and grading system of classification helps in assessing the severity, extent, and progression of disease.
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  • Article
    Huang H, Wan P, Luo X, Lu Y, Li X, Xiong W, Zeng Z.
    Microbiol Spectr. 2023 08 17;11(4):e0063423.
    Tigecycline is an important antibacterial drug for treating infection by clinical multidrug-resistant bacteria, and tigecycline-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (TRSA) has been increasingly reported in recent years. Notably, only rpsJ and mepA are associated with the tigecycline resistance of S. aureus. The mepA gene encodes MepA efflux pumps, and the overexpression of mepA has been confirmed to be directly related to tigecycline resistance. Although the mutations of MepA widely occur, the associations between TRSA and mutations of MepA are still unclear. In this study, we explored mutations in the mepA genes from various sources. Then, tigecycline resistance-associated mutations T29I, E287G, and T29I+E287G in MepA were identified, and their effects were evaluated through mutant deletion and complementation, tigecycline accumulation assay, and molecular docking experiments. Results showed that the MICs of tigecycline, gentamicin, and amikacin increased in special complementary transformants and recovered after the addition of the efflux pump inhibitor carbonyl cyanide 3-chlorophenylhydrazone (CCCP). The tigecycline accumulation assay of the mepA-deleted mutant strain and its complementary transformants showed that T29I, E287G, and T29I+E287G mutations promoted tigecycline efflux, and molecular docking showed that mutations T29I, E287G, and T29I+E287G decreased the binding energy and contributed to ligand binding. Moreover, we inferred the evolutionary trajectory of S. aureus under the selective pressure of tigecycline in vitro. Overall, our study indicated that mutations in MepA play important roles in tigecycline resistance in S. aureus. IMPORTANCE Previous analysis has shown that overexpression of MepA is an exact mechanism involved in tigecycline resistance apart from the rpsJ mutation and is usually dependent on the mutant mepR. However, no research has evaluated the effects of diverse mutations discovered in TRSA in MepA. This study demonstrates that the mutations in MepA confer resistance to tigecycline without overexpression and provides genotypic references for identifying TRSA. Although tigecycline resistance-associated mutations in MepA identified in this study have not been observed in clinical isolates, the mechanism should be explored given that S. aureus strains are prevalent in the environment. Measures should be implemented to contain TRSA within the time window before tigecycline resistance-associated mutations in MepA are prevalent.
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  • Article
    Avnet S, Lemma S, Cortini M, Pellegrini P, Perut F, Zini N, Kusuzaki K, Chano T, Grisendi G, Dominici M, De Milito A, Baldini N.
    Oncotarget. 2016 Sep 27;7(39):63408-63423.
    Current therapy of osteosarcoma (OS), the most common primary bone malignancy, is based on a combination of surgery and chemotherapy. Multidrug resistance mediated by P-glycoprotein (P-gp) overexpression has been previously associated with treatment failure and progression of OS, although other mechanisms may also play a role. We considered the typical acidic extracellular pH (pHe) of sarcomas, and found that doxorubicin (DXR) cytotoxicity is reduced in P-gp negative OS cells cultured at pHe 6.5 compared to standard 7.4. Short-time (24-48 hours) exposure to low pHe significantly increased the number and acidity of lysosomes, and the combination of DXR with omeprazole, a proton pump inhibitor targeting lysosomal acidity, significantly enhanced DXR cytotoxicity. In OS xenografts, the combination treatment of DXR and omeprazole significantly reduced tumor volume and body weight loss. The impaired toxicity of DXR at low pHe was not associated with increased autophagy or lysosomal acidification, but rather, as shown by SNARF staining, with a reversal of the pH gradient at the plasma membrane (ΔpHcm), eventually leading to a reduced DXR intracellular accumulation. Finally, the reversal of ΔpHcm in OS cells promoted resistance not only to DXR, but also to cisplatin and methotrexate, and, to a lesser extent, to vincristine. Altogether, our findings show that, in OS cells, short-term acidosis induces resistance to different chemotherapeutic drugs by a reversal of ΔpHcm, suggesting that buffer therapies or regimens including proton pump inhibitors in combination to low concentrations of conventional anticancer agents may offer novel solutions to overcome drug resistance.
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  • Article
    Soares CAM, Leão OAA, Freitas MP, Hallal PC, Wagner MB.
    Cad Saude Publica. 2023;39(10):e00063423.
    This study aimed to analyze the physical activity trend of Brazilian schoolchildren and the associations with demographic, socioeconomic, and behavioral variables by using the Brazilian National Survey of School Health (PeNSE) in its four editions - 2009, 2012, 2015, and 2019. Data from students (13-17 years old) participating in the four editions of the PeNSE (n = 392,922) were used. We describe the percentage of active, mean, and percentile values of moderate to vigorous intensity physical activity in minutes/week. Poisson's regression was adjusted for gender, age, skin color, goods score, and sedentary behavior (≥ 2 hours/day watching TV and ≥ 3 hours/day sitting time). As a limitation, the PeNSE/2009 sample refers only to the Brazilian capital cities. The percentage of active students decreased from 43.1% in 2009 to 18.2% in 2019. The mean moderate to vigorous intensity physical activity of PeNSE/2009 (mean = 318.4 minutes/week; 95%CI: 313.4-323.4) decreased 50% in 2019. In physical education, the weekly average in moderate to vigorous intensity physical activity of girls is less than 50 minutes and boys is greater than 60 minutes in the four editions of PeNSE, also 22.7% of girls reported (PeNSE/2019) not having taken physical education classes whereas the same thing is reported by 19.7% of boys. Sedentary behavior reduced regarding time watching TV, but sitting time increased by 50.1% (95%CI: 48.9-51.3) and 54% (95%CI: 53.1-54.9) between PeNSE/2009 and PeNSE/2019. As a consequence of the drop in physical activity levels, public policies that promote physical activity are necessary, including increasing physical education classes at school to at least three times a week.
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  • Article
    Kaminsky RA, Reid PM, Altermann E, Kenters N, Kelly WJ, Noel SJ, Attwood GT, Janssen PH.
    Appl Environ Microbiol. 2023 10 31;89(10):e0063423.
    Hydrogen (H2) is the primary electron donor for methane formation in ruminants, but the H2-producing organisms involved are largely uncharacterized. This work integrated studies of microbial physiology and genomics to characterize rumen bacterial isolate NK3A20 of the family Lachnospiraceae. Isolate NK3A20 was the first recognized isolate of the NK3A20 group, which is among the ten most abundant bacterial genera in 16S rRNA gene surveys of rumen microbiota. NK3A20 produced acetate, butyrate, H2, and formate from glucose. The end product ratios varied when grown with different substrates and at different H2 partial pressures. NK3A20 produced butyrate as a major product using glucose or under high H2 partial pressures and switched to mainly acetate in the presence of galacturonic acid (an oxidized sugar) or in coculture with a methanogen. Growth with galacturonic acid was faster at elevated H2 concentrations, while elevated H2 slowed growth with glucose. Genome analyses revealed the presence of multiple hydrogenases including a membrane-bound Ech hydrogenase, an electron bifurcating butyryl-CoA dehydrogenase (Bcd-Etf), and an Rnf complex that may be involved in modulating the observed metabolic pathway changes, providing insight into H2 formation in the rumen. IMPORTANCE The genus-level NK3A20 group is one of the ten most abundant genera of rumen bacteria. Like most of the rumen bacteria that produce the hydrogen that is converted to methane in the rumen, it is understudied, without any previously characterized isolates. We investigated isolate NK3A20, a cultured member of this genus, and showed that it modulates hydrogen production in response to its growth substrates and the hydrogen concentration in its environment. Low-hydrogen concentrations stimulated hydrogen formation, while high concentrations inhibited its formation and shifted the fermentation to more reduced organic acid products. We found that growth on uronic acids, components of certain plant polymers, resulted in low hydrogen yields compared to glucose, which could aid in the selection of low-methane feeds. A better understanding of the major genera that produce hydrogen in the rumen is part of developing strategies to mitigate biogenic methane emitted by livestock agriculture.
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  • Article
    Pu H, Kobayashi Y, Lü J, Xu L, Wu Y, Chang H, Zhang J, Jia S.
    PLoS One. 2013;8(5):e63423.
    Therizinosauria are an unusual group of theropod dinosaurs, found mostly in the Cretaceous deposits in Mongolia, China and western USA. The basal forms of this group are represented by incomplete or disarticulated material. Here, we report a nearly complete, articulated skeleton of a new basal therizinosaur from the Early Cretaceous Yixian Formation of Jianchang County, western part of Liaoning Province, which sheds light on our understanding of anatomy of basal therizinosaurs. This new dinosaur shows some typical therizinosaur features, such as neural spines of the anterior caudal vertebrae that possess anterior and posterior alae, a rectangular buttress on the ventrolateral side of the proximal end of metacarpal I, and appressed metatarsal shafts. Our phylogenetic analysis suggests that it is a basal therizinosaur (sister taxon to Therizinosauroidea) because it bears many basal therizinosaur characters in the dentition, pelvis and hind limbs. The new therizinosaur described here has unique tooth and jaw characters such as the offsetting of the tooth row by a shelf and dentary teeth with labially concave and lingually convex dentary teeth, similar to ornithopods and ceratopsians.
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  • Article
    Wang G, Cheng K, Luo Y, Salman M.
    Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2022 Sep;29(42):63423-63443.
    Industrial upgrading is the key to promoting green economic efficiency. Coordination between environmental regulations and industrial structure can lead to sustainable economic growth. However, insufficient attention has been paid to the mechanism by which environmental regulation (ER) promote green economic efficiency (GEE) under the mediating role of industrial structure optimization. Using robust and comprehensive measures of green economic efficiency, we assess how various environmental regulations affect green economic efficiency as well as the intermediate effect of industrial structure of a certain province with provincial panel data during the period 2003-2017. The results of dynamic panel two-step system generalized method of moments (GMM) confirm the heterogeneous effects of the three types of ER, namely control-and-command regulation, market-based regulation, and voluntary regulation on GEE in China. The spatial analysis demonstrates that control-and-command and voluntary regulations significantly accelerate GEE in inland provinces, while they have insignificant effect in coastal provinces. Based on the mediating analysis, we find that market-based regulation is conducive to GEE through both advanced and rationalized industrial structure, whereas control-and-command regulation improves GEE through advanced industrial structure only. The voluntary-based regulation on one hand stimulates GEE through advanced industrial structure, but on other hand impedes it through rationalized industrial structure. The results could provide critical insights and a theoretical basis for policy makers in reasonable optimization of industrial structure and guaranteeing green economic efficiency.
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  • Book
    editor-in-chief, Alfred F. Tallia, MF, MPH, co-editors, Joseph E. Scherger, MD, MPH, Nancy W. Dickey, MD.
    Print Access Request
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    Exam Review Books (shelved at Information Desk)
    2022
    RC58 .S93 2022
    1