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- ArticleDe Summa S, Guida M, Tommasi S, Strippoli S, Pellegrini C, Fargnoli MC, Pilato B, Natalicchio I, Guida G, Pinto R.Oncotarget. 2017 May 02;8(18):29751-29759.Multiple primary melanoma (MPM) is a rare condition, whose genetic basis has not yet been clarified. Only 8-12% of MPM are due to germline mutations of CDKN2A. However, other genes (POT1, BRCA1/2, MC1R, MGMT) have been demonstrated to be involved in predisposition to this pathology.To our knowledge, this is the first family study based on two siblings with the rare coexistence of MPM and oculocutaneous albinism (OCA), an autosomal recessive disease characterized by the absence or decrease in pigmentation in the skin, hair, and eyes.In this study, we evaluated genes involved in melanoma predisposition (CDKN2A, CDK4, MC1R, MITF, POT1, RB1, MGMT, BRCA1, BRCA2), pathogenesis (BRAF, NRAS, PIK3CA, KIT, PTEN), skin/hair pigmentation (MC1R, MITF) and in immune pathways (CTLA4) to individuate alterations able to explain the rare onset of MPM and OCA in indexes and the transmission in their pedigree.From the analysis of the pedigree, we were able to identify a "protective" haplotype with respect to MPM, including MGMT p.I174V alteration. The second generation offspring is under strict follow up as some of them have a higher risk of developing MPM according to our model.
- ArticleParamaguru R, Ramkumar S.Cureus. 2022 Sep;14(9):e29751.Tumefactive demyelinations (TDs) are demyelinating central nervous system lesions that masquerade as neoplastic lesions on radiological images. Brain biopsy is often required for confirmatory diagnosis. Since crush cytology has become a routine practice, a thorough knowledge of the cytomorphologic features of TD is required to prevent misdiagnosis. In this report, we describe the cytomorphological and histomorphological features of a case of TD.
- ArticleEl Hamzaoui H, Ouerdane Y, Bigot L, Bouwmans G, Capoen B, Boukenter A, Girard S, Bouazaoui M.Opt Express. 2012 Dec 31;20(28):29751-60.We report the fabrication and characterization of a photonic crystal fiber (PCF) having a sol-gel core doped with ionic copper. Optical measurements demonstrate that the ionic copper is preserved in the silica glass all along the preparation steps up to fiber drawing. The photoluminescence results clearly show that such an ionic copper-doped fiber constitutes a potential candidate for UV-C (200-280 nm) radiation dosimetry. Indeed, the Cu⁺-related visible photoluminescence of the fiber shows a linear response to 244 nm light excitation measured for an irradiation power up to 2.7 mW at least on the Cu-doped PCF core. Moreover, this response was found to be fully reversible within the measurement accuracy of this study ( ± 1%), underlying the remarkable stability of copper in the Cu⁺ oxidation state within the pure silica core prepared by a sol-gel route. This reversibility offers possibilities for the achievement of reusable real-time optical fiber UV-C dosimeters.
- ArticleGuo Y, Li P, Tang J, Han X, Zou X, Xu G, Xu Z, Wei F, Liu Q, Wang M, Xiao F, ... Show More Zong W, Shen C, Li J, Liu J, Luo Y, Chang J, Sheng N, Dong C, Zhang D, Dai X, Zhou J, Meng C, Niu H, Shi X, Zhang X, Xiang J, Xu H, Ran Q, Zhou Y, Li M, Zhang H, Cheng R, Gao X, Wang H, Gu H, Ma L, Yao Z.Sci Rep. 2016 07 19;6:29751.Prevalence of atopic dermatitis (AD) is increasing worldwide. Up to date, there has been no face-to-face nation-wide study in China. We aim to explore the prevalence of clinical diagnosed AD in children aged 1-7 ys in China. Twelve metropolises were chosen from different areas of China. In each region, we selected 4-10 kindergartens and 2-5 vaccination clinics randomly. A complete history-taking and skin examination were performed by dermatologists. The definite diagnosis of AD and the severity were determined by two or three dermatologists. All criteria concerned in UK diagnosis criteria, characteristic presentation of AD and atypical manifestations were recorded in detail. A total of 13998 children from 84 kindergartens and 40 vaccination clinics were included. The prevalence of AD was 12.94% by clinical diagnosis of dermatologists overall, with 74.6% of mild AD. Comparatively, prevalence of AD based on UK diagnostic criteria was 4.76%. This is the first face-to-face nation-wide study in Chinese children aged 1-7 ys, revealing that the prevalence of AD in children is closer to that of wealthier nations.
- ArticleZelikman S, Dudkevich R, Korenfeld-Tzemach H, Shmidov E, Levi-Ferber M, Shoshani S, Ben-Aroya S, Henis-Korenblit S, Banin E.Heliyon. 2024 Apr 30;10(8):e29751.Pseudomonas aeruginosa is one of the leading nosocomial opportunistic pathogens causing acute and chronic infections. Among its main virulent factors is the Type III secretion system (T3SS) which enhances disease severity by delivering effectors to the host in a highly regulated manner. Despite its importance for virulence, only six T3SS-dependent effectors have been discovered so far. Previously, we identified two new potential effectors using a machine-learning algorithm approach. Here we demonstrate that one of these effectors, PemB, is indeed virulent. Using a live Caenorhabditis elegans infection model, we demonstrate this effector damages the integrity of the intestine barrier leading to the death of the host. Implementing a high-throughput assay using Saccharomyces cerevisiae, we identified several candidate proteins that interact with PemB. One of them, EFT1, has an ortholog in C. elegans (eef-2) and is also an essential gene and a well-known target utilized by different pathogens to induce toxicity to the worm. Accordingly, we found that by silencing the eef-2 gene in C. elegans, PemB could no longer induce its toxic effect. The current study further uncovers the complex machinery assisting P. aeruginosa virulence and may provide novel insight how to manage infection associated with this hard-to-treat pathogen.
- ArticleYazdanpanah O, Park M, Chang M, Chae Y.Sci Rep. 2024 Nov 29;14(1):29751.This research introduces an advanced method for predicting seismic responses and hysteresis curves of instrumented bridge piers and bearings under various loading conditions, leaning solely on a single deep learning architecture and the same hyperparameters tuning. Test specimens are subjected to ground accelerations including vertical seismic loads and axial forces. To accurately capture peak values, particularly on the negative side of the hysteresis loop (unloading region), the model employs a stacked deep architecture. A key component to overcome the challenges is the self-attention-Mamba-driven transformer layer, which enhances the model's ability to capture long-range dependencies in seismic data. This layer works in conjunction with other deep learning techniques to ensure robust and precise predictions. Implemented with Python's Keras functional API, the model processes inputs like ground accelerations, actuator loads, effective height, moment of inertia, and superstructure mass. The model is evaluated with a dataset of 95 real-time hybrid simulation (RTHS) tests for lead rubber bearings, 29 RTHS tests for bridge piers, and 17 cyclic tests (10 fast and 7 slow). Extensive hyperparameter tuning demonstrates the model's proficiency to capture hysteresis and residual deformations accurately. Achieving an impressive correlation with experimentally measured values, ranging from 88.1 to 98.9%, and a reasonable dissipated energy error ratio are notable. The deep learning model reduces the need for additional tests, offering time and cost savings, and provides rapid, and accurate insights into bridge behavior. This supports timely and precise bridge design and aids decision-makers during emergencies.
- ArticleJiang S, Yan C, Fang QC, Shao ML, Zhang YL, Liu Y, Deng YP, Shan B, Liu JQ, Li HT, Yang L, Zhou J, Dai Z, Liu Y, Jia WP.J Biol Chem. 2014 Oct 24;289(43):29751-65.Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress activates the adaptive unfolded protein response (UPR) and represents a critical mechanism that underlies metabolic dysfunctions. Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21), a hormone that is predominantly secreted by the liver, exerts a broad range of effects upon the metabolism of carbohydrates and lipids. Although increased circulating levels of FGF21 have been documented in animal models and human subjects with obesity and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, the functional interconnections between metabolic ER stress and FGF21 are incompletely understood. Here, we report that increased ER stress along with the simultaneous elevation of FGF21 expression were associated with the occurrence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease both in diet-induced obese mice and human patients. Intraperitoneal administration of the ER stressor tunicamycin in mice resulted in hepatic steatosis, accompanied by activation of the three canonical UPR branches and increased the expression of FGF21. Furthermore, the IRE1α-XBP1 pathway of the UPR could directly activate the transcriptional expression of Fgf21. Administration of recombinant FGF21 in mice alleviated tunicamycin-induced liver steatosis, in parallel with reduced eIF2α-ATF4-CHOP signaling. Taken together, these results suggest that FGF21 is an integral physiological component of the cellular UPR program, which exerts beneficial feedback effects upon lipid metabolism through counteracting ER stress.
- ArticleRigal JC, Boissier E, Lakhal K, Riche VP, Durand-Zaleski I, Rozec B.BMJ Open. 2019 11 05;9(11):e029751.INTRODUCTION: During cardiac surgery-associated bleeding, the early detection of coagulopathy is crucial. However, owing to time constraints or lack of suitable laboratory tests, transfusion of haemostatic products is often inappropriately triggered, either too late (exposing to prolonged bleeding and thus to avoidable administration of blood products) or blindly to the coagulation status (exposing to unnecessary haemostatic products administration in patients with no coagulopathy). Undue exposition to transfusion risks and additional healthcare costs may arise. With the perspective of secondary care-related costs, the IMOTEC study (Intérêt MédicO-économique de la Thrombo-Elastographie, dans le management transfusionnel des hémorragies péri-opératoires de chirurgies Cardiaques sous circulation extracorporelle) aims at assessing the cost-effectiveness of a point-of-care viscoelastic haemostatic assay (VHA: RoTem or TEG)-guided management of bleeding. Among several outcome measures, particular emphasis will be put on quality of life with a 1-year follow-up.
METHODS AND ANALYSIS: This is a multicentre, prospective, pragmatic study with stepped-wedge cluster randomised controlled design. Over a 36-month period (24 months of enrolment and 12 months of follow-up), 1000 adult patients undergoing cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass will be included if a periprocedural significant bleeding occurs. The primary outcome is the cost-effectiveness of a VHA-guided algorithm over a 1-year follow-up, including patients' quality of life. Secondary outcomes are the cost-effectiveness of the VHA-guided algorithm with regard to the rate of surgical reexploration and 1-year mortality, its cost per-patient, its effectiveness with regard to haemorrhagic, infectious, renal, neurological, cardiac, circulatory, thrombotic, embolic complications, transfusion requirements, mechanical ventilation free-days, duration of intensive care unit and in-hospital stay and mortality.
ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: The study was registered at Clinicaltrials.gov and was approved by the Committee for the Protection of Persons of Nantes University Hospital, The French Advisory Board on Medical Research Data Processing and the French Personal Data Protection Authority. A publication of the results in a peer-reviewed journal is planned.
TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: NCT02972684; Pre-results. - ArticleJung SB, Kim N.Medicine (Baltimore). 2022 Jul 08;101(27):e29751.Biportal endoscopic spine surgery (BESS) for cervical disk herniation (CDH) has been rarely reported. The aim of the article is to describe a novel BESS as a posterior approach for CDH and report the preliminary outcomes and complications. This single-centered retrospective chart review included 109 consecutive patients who underwent BESS for symptomatic single-level CDH. Working and viewing portals were created in each unilateral paravertebral area at the target disk level. Endoscopic exploration allowed for effective and minimally invasive decompression via safe access to the medial foramen with minimal laminectomy and facetectomy. Clinical outcomes, including the visual analog scale, neck disability index, Macnab criteria, and the motor function of the involved arm, were evaluated at 4, 8, 12, and 24 postoperative weeks. Visual analog scale and neck disability index improved significantly at 24 weeks postoperatively (P < .01). According to the Macnab criteria, "excellent," "good," and "fair" results were obtained for 55.9%, 30.3%, and 13.8% of patients, respectively. The post 24-week distribution of the involved upper extremity strength grade was significantly improved compared to the initial value (P = .02). One patient had a motor weakness with a decreased grade over 4 weeks from excessive irrigation. The posterior approach of BESS was efficient and feasible for the treatment of CDH.
- ArticleCasey DL, Mandeville H, Bradley JA, Ter Horst SAJ, Sheyn A, Timmermann B, Wolden SL.Pediatr Blood Cancer. 2022 07;69(7):e29751.The International Soft Tissue Sarcoma Database Consortium (INSTRuCT) consists of a collaboration between the Children's Oncology Group (COG) Soft Tissue Sarcoma Committee, the European pediatric Soft Tissue Sarcoma Study Group (EpSSG), and the Cooperative Weichteilsarkom Studiengruppe (CWS). As part of the larger initiative of INSTRuCT to provide consensus expert opinions for clinical treatment of pediatric soft tissue sarcoma, we sought to provide updated, evidenced-based consensus guidelines for local treatment of parameningeal rhabdomyosarcoma using both existing literature as well as recommendations from the relevant cooperative group clinical trials. Overall, parameningeal rhabdomyosarcoma represents a distinctly challenging disease to treat, given its location near many critical structures in the head and neck, frequently advanced local presentation, and predilection for local failure. Definitive chemoradiation remains the standard treatment approach for parameningeal rhabdomyosarcoma, with surgery often limited to biopsy or salvage therapy for recurrent disease. In this consensus paper, we specifically discuss consensus guidelines and evidence for definitive local management with radiotherapy, with a focus on imaging for radiotherapy planning, dose and timing of radiation, approach for nodal irradiation, various radiation techniques, including proton therapy, and the limited role of surgical resection.
- ArticleLim XF, Jia Q, Khong WX, Yan B, Premanand B, Alonso S, Chow VT, Kwang J.PLoS One. 2012;7(1):e29751.BACKGROUND: Enterovirus 71 (EV71) is the main causative agent of Hand, Foot and Mouth disease (HFMD) and is associated with severe neurologic complications and mortalities. At present, there is no vaccine or therapeutic available for treatment.
METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDING: In this study, we generated two mAbs, denoted as mAb 51 and 53, both targeting the same linear epitope on VP1 capsid protein, spanning amino acids 215-219. In comparison, mAb 51 belonging to isotype IgM possesses neutralizing activity in vitro, whereas, mAb 53 belonging to isotype IgG1 does not have any neutralizing ability, even towards its homologous strain. When mAb 51 at 10 µg/g of body weight was administered to the 2-week-old AG129 mice one day prior to lethal challenge, 100% in vivo passive protection was observed. In contrast, the isotype control group mice, injected with an irrelevant IgM antibody before the challenge, developed limb paralysis as early as day 6 post-infection. Histological examination demonstrated that mAb 51 was able to protect against pathologic changes such as neuropil vacuolation and neuronal loss in the spinal cord, which were typical in unprotected EV-71 infected mice. BLAST analyses of that epitope revealed that it was highly conserved among all EV71 strains, but not coxsachievirus 16 (CA16).
CONCLUSION: We have defined a linear epitope within the VP1 protein and demonstrated its neutralizing ability to be isotype dependent. The neutralizing property and highly conserved sequence potentiated the application of mAb 51 and 53 for protection against EV71 infection and diagnosis respectively. - ArticleIslam MR, Hu J, Kareekunnan A, Kuki A, Kudo T, Maruyama T, Nishizaki A, Tokita Y, Akabori M, Mizuta H.ACS Omega. 2024 Jul 09;9(27):29751-29755.In this study, we investigate the scope of molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) as an electric field sensor. We show that MoS2 sensors can be used to identify the polarity as well as to detect the magnitude of the electric field. The response of the sensor is recorded as the change in the drain current when the electric field is applied. The sensitivity, defined as the percentage change in the drain current, reveals that it has a linear relation with the magnitude of the electric field. Furthermore, the sensitivity is highly dependent on the layer thickness, with the single-layer device being highly sensitive and the sensitivity decreasing with the thickness. We have also compared the electric field sensitivity of MoS2 devices to that of previously studied graphene devices and found the former to be exceptionally sensitive than the latter for a given electric field magnitude.
- ArticleZhu W, Gu L.J Med Virol. 2024 Jun;96(6):e29751.During the COVID-19 pandemic, non-pharmaceutical interventions were introduced to reduce exposure to respiratory viruses. However, these measures may have led to an "immunity debt" that could make the population more vulnerable. The goal of this study was to examine the transmission dynamics of seasonal influenza in the years 2023-2024. Respiratory samples from patients with influenza-like illness were collected and tested for influenza A and B viruses. The electronic medical records of index cases from October 2023 to March 2024 were analyzed to determine their clinical and epidemiological characteristics. A total of 48984 positive cases were detected, with a pooled prevalence of 46.9% (95% CI 46.3-47.5). This season saw bimodal peaks of influenza activity, with influenza A peaked in week 48, 2023, and influenza B peaked in week 1, 2024. The pooled positive rates were 28.6% (95% CI 55.4-59.6) and 18.3% (95% CI 18.0-18.7) for influenza A and B viruses, respectively. The median values of instantaneous reproduction number were 5.5 (IQR 3.0-6.7) and 4.6 (IQR 2.4-5.5), respectively. The hospitalization rate for influenza A virus (2.2%, 95% CI 2.0-2.5) was significantly higher than that of influenza B virus (1.1%, 95% CI 0.9-1.4). Among the 17 clinical symptoms studied, odds ratios of 15 symptoms were below 1 when comparing influenza A and B positive inpatients, with headache, weakness, and myalgia showing significant differences. This study provides an overview of influenza dynamics and clinical symptoms, highlighting the importance for individuals to receive an annual influenza vaccine.
- ArticleGao Z, Shi Y, Li M, Song J, Liu X, Wang X, Yang F.ACS Omega. 2021 Nov 09;6(44):29746-29751.Tunable extraordinary optical transmission (EOT) with graphene is realized using a novel metallic ring-rod nested structure in the terahertz frequency regime. The generated double-enhanced transmission peaks primarily originate from the excitation of localized surface plasmon resonances (LSPRs). On using graphene, the resonating surface plasmon distribution changes in the reaction plane, which disturbs the generation of LSPRs. By regulating the Fermi energy (E f) of the graphene to reach a certain level, an adjustment from bimodal EOT to unimodal EOT is obtained. As the E f of the graphene integrated beneath the rod increases to 0.5 eV, the transmittance of the peak at 2.42 THz decreases to 6%. Moreover, the transmission peak at 1.77 THz virtually disappears due to the E f increasing to 0.7 eV when the graphene is placed beneath the ring. The significant tuning capabilities of the bimodal EOT indicate its promising application prospects in frequency-selective surfaces, communication, filtering, and radar.
- ArticleCamacho CM, Pizzio MG, Roces DL, Boggián DB, Mata EG, Bellizzi Y, Barrionuevo E, Blank VC, Roguin LP.RSC Adv. 2021 Sep 01;11(47):29741-29751.The development of hybrid compounds led to the discovery of new pharmacologically active agents for some of the most critical diseases, including cancer. Herein, we describe a new series of oxadiazole-containing structures designed by a molecular hybridization approach. Penicillin derivatives and amino acids were linked to amino acid and aromatic moieties through the formation of a 1,2,4-oxadiazole ring. Alternatively, condensation between amino acid-derived hydrazides and an activated penicillanic acid led to a series of 1,3,4-oxadiazole penicillin-containing hybrids and non-cyclized diacylhydrazides. From the cytotoxicity assays it is highlighted that two 1,2,4-oxadiazoles and one 1,3,4-oxadiazole connecting a penicillin and aliphatic amino acids displayed a high degree of cytotoxic selectivity, ranging between being three and four times more potent against tumor cells than normal cells. The results give a very interesting perspective suggesting that these hybrid compounds can offer a novel antitumor scaffold with promising cytotoxicity profiles.
- ArticleFedorenko V, Viter R, Mrówczyński R, Damberga D, Coy E, Iatsunskyi I.RSC Adv. 2020 Aug 10;10(50):29751-29758.In the present work, we report on the modelling of processes at the zinc oxide and polydopamine (ZnO/PDA) interface. The PDA layer was deposited onto ZnO nanorods (NRs) via chemical bath deposition. The defect concentrations in ZnO before and after PDA deposition were calculated and analysed. The ZnONRs/PDA core-shell nanostructures were studied by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman and Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, photoluminescence (PL) measurements, and diffuse reflectance spectroscopy. The TEM and electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) measurements confirmed the conformal coating of PDA, while the PL emission from ZnO and ZnONRs/PDA samples showed a reduction of intensity after the PDA deposition. The decrease of defect concentration participating in PL and quantum efficiency explains the PL reduction. Finally, the observed decrease of activation energies and a shift of the PL peaks are attributed to the formation of an additional local electrical field between the PDA and ZnO nanostructures.
- ArticleLi C, Murphy EA, Skala SJ, Delaney KT, Hawker CJ, Shell MS, Fredrickson GH.J Am Chem Soc. 2024 Oct 30;146(43):29751-29758.Solution formulations involving polymers are the basis for a wide range of products spanning consumer care, therapeutics, lubricants, adhesives, and coatings. These multicomponent systems typically show rich self-assembly and phase behavior that are sensitive to even small changes in chemistry and composition. Longstanding computational efforts have sought techniques for predictive modeling of formulation structure and thermodynamics without experimental guidance, but the challenges of addressing the long time scales and large length scales of self-assembly while maintaining chemical specificity have thwarted the emergence of general approaches. As a consequence, current formulation design remains largely Edisonian. Here, we present a multiscale modeling approach that accurately predicts, without any experimental input, the complete temperature-concentration phase diagram of model diblock polymers in solution, as established postprediction through small-angle X-ray scattering. The methodology employs a strategy whereby atomistic molecular dynamics simulations is used to parametrize coarse-grained field-theoretic models; simulations of the latter then easily surmount long equilibration time scales and enable rigorous determination of solution structures and phase behavior. This systematic and predictive approach, accelerated by access to well-defined block copolymers, has the potential to expedite in silico screening of novel formulations to significantly reduce trial-and-error experimental design and to guide selection of components and compositions across a vast range of applications.
- ArticlePastuszak M, Kowalkowski T, Kopiński J, Doroszewski A, Jurga B, Buszewski B.Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2018 Oct;25(29):29734-29751.Modeling (MONERIS) studies allowed calculation of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) emission into the Vistula and Oder basins (Poland), and facilitated estimation of N and P retention in these catchments in 1995-2015. In the discussion of results, data of other authors were used in order to get an insight into N (1880-2015) and P emission (1955-2015) into the Oder basin. Population growth and agricultural intensification were responsible for respective 5.3-fold and 3.5-fold increase in N and P emission into the Oder basin, with the maximum (135,000 tons N year-1; 14,000 tons P year-1) observed at the turn of the 1980s/1990s. Pro-ecological activities during the economic transition period (since 1989) covered various sectors of the economy including agriculture, environmental protection related to, e.g., construction of a large number of waste water treatment plants (WWTPs). Consequently, in 1985-2015, the emission into the Oder basin decreased from the abovementioned maxima to 94,000 tons N year-1 and to 5000 tons P year-1, whereas in 1995-2015, the emission into the Vistula basin decreased from 170,000 to 140,000 tons N year-1 and from 14,200 to 10,600 tons P year-1. In 1995-2015, groundwater, tile drainage, and WWTPs played a key role in N emission, while erosion, overland flow, WWTPs, and urban areas played a predominant role in P emission. The relative shares of nutrient emission pathways in overall N and P emission were considerably changing over time. Extreme weather conditions have a great impact on increased (floods) or decreased (droughts) nutrient emission; particularly, N emission is susceptible to variable weather conditions. In total, approximately 91,000 tons of N and 7600 tons of P were retained annually in the river basins.
- ArticleWang H, Tao Z, Zhao X, Wang G, Peng Y, Chen Y, Zhang J, Zhang X, Liu M, Jiang G, He L.ACS Appl Mater Interfaces. 2023 Jun 28;15(25):29743-29751.Advanced intracellular delivery of proteins has profound applications in both scientific investigations and therapies. However, existing strategies relying on various chemical and physical methods have drawbacks such as the requirement of high concentrations of in vitro prepared target proteins and difficulty in labeling target proteins. Developing new delivery systems integrating the enveloping and labeling of target proteins would bring great advantages for efficient protein transfections. Here, we enriched a high concentration (62 mg/mL) of several target proteins into the outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) of Escherichia coli to employ the native property of OMVs to deliver proteins into the cytosol of eukaryotic cells. The results revealed a high protein transfection efficiency from 90 to 97% for different cell lines. Moreover, the free penetration of molecules less than 600 Da across the membrane of OMVs allows direct labeling of target proteins within OMVs, facilitating the visualization of target proteins. Importantly, the nanobody delivered intracellularly by OMVs retains the biological activity of binding with its target, highlighting the advantages of OMVs as an emerging tool for efficient intracellular delivery of proteins.
- Bookedited by Adel K. El-Naggar, John K.C. Chan, Jennifer R. Grandis, Takashi Takata, Pieter J. Slootweg.Summary: "The WHO Classification of Head and Neck Tumours is the ninth volume in the 4th Edition of the WHO series on histological and genetic typing of human tumors. This authoritative, concise reference book provides an international standard for oncologists and pathologists and will serve as an indispensable guide for use in the design of studies evaluating response to therapy and clinical outcome. Diagnostic criteria, pathological features, and associated genetic alterations are described in a disease-oriented manner. Sections on all recognized neoplasms and their variants include new ICD-O codes, epidemiology, clinical features, macroscopy, pathology, genetics, and prognosis and predictive factors. The book, prepared by 135 authors from 35 countries, contains more than 600 colour images and tables, and more than 2700 references."--taken from back cover.
Contents:
Chapter 1. Tumours of the nasal cavity, paranasal sinuses and skull base
Chapter 2. Tumours of the nasopharynx
Chapter 3. Tumours of the hypopharynx, larynx, trachea and parapharyngeal space
Chapter 4. Tumours of the oral cavity and mobile tongue
Chapter 5. Tumours of the oropharynx (base of tongue, tonsils, adenoids)
Chapter 6. Tumours and tumour-like lesions of the neck and lymph nodes
Chapter 7. Tumours of salivary glands
Chapter 8. Odontogenic and maxillofacial bone tumours
Chapter 9. Tumours of the ear
Chapter 10. Paraganglion tumours
Contributors
Declarations of interests
IARC/WHO Committee for ICD-O
Sources of figures
Sources of tables
References
Subject index
List of abbreviations.